Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Wasm benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jul 13 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1241ms 14ms 64.2MB 1213ms 13ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 5.rs 1739ms 5.1ms 34.0MB 1720ms 7ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 4.rs 1815ms 23ms 34.1MB 1793ms 10ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 3.rs 1852ms 9.2ms 50.0MB 1823ms 17ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 105ms 3.7ms 11.0MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 5.rs 171ms 1.3ms 20.0MB 157ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 4.rs 174ms 3.1ms 20.0MB 163ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 3.rs 180ms 3.2ms 22.0MB 163ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 1098ms 7.8ms 20.3MB 1083ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 1.cr 1511ms 17ms 19.9MB 1450ms 47ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 78ms 3.2ms 18.7MB 63ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 1.cr 86ms 1.4ms 7.1MB 63ms 13ms crystal 1.16.3

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 1.2ms 7.6MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 420ms 3.1ms 19.6MB 407ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 0.9ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 114ms 1.7ms 19.0MB 100ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2476ms 14ms 2.9MB 2467ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 4157ms 18ms 17.8MB 4143ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 205ms 3.2ms 2.9MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 349ms 4.0ms 17.7MB 337ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 234ms 2.4ms 18.2MB 220ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 2.cr 534ms 3.4ms 3.6MB 443ms 73ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 676ms 1.2ms 14.6MB 570ms 93ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 31ms 0.4ms 18.3MB 20ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 2.cr 57ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 73ms 2.0ms 4.4MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 6.7ms 0.5ms 18.2MB 0ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1888ms 247ms 299.0MB 317ms 443ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1291ms 23ms 53.0MB 33ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 35ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 91ms 1.1ms 18.2MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 1.8ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 186ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 252ms 3.4ms 17.9MB 240ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 46ms 0.9ms 17.7MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 316ms 2.0ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 8.rs 827ms 0.7ms 21.3MB 810ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.1ms 5.8MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 8.rs 42ms 0.5ms 18.4MB 30ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 843ms 9.4ms 64.2MB 820ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 870ms 7.8ms 42.1MB 847ms 10ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 178ms 3.9ms 22.2MB 163ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 192ms 2.6ms 24.1MB 177ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 343ms 3.1ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 347ms 1.5ms 3.3MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 405ms 1.9ms 18.0MB 390ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 2.rs 564ms 4.6ms 18.1MB 553ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 37ms 0.6ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.9ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 47ms 0.1ms 18.1MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 2.rs 65ms 1.7ms 18.1MB 50ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 351ms 3.7ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 2.rs 387ms 3.2ms 22.9MB 373ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 1.cr 418ms 6.0ms 43.0MB 407ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 463ms 2.4ms 57.0MB 447ms 3ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 87ms 1.6ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 92ms 2.2ms 13.1MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 1.rs 92ms 3.2ms 27.9MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 2.rs 100ms 2.0ms 19.3MB 90ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1967ms 53ms 6.3MB 1943ms 13ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 2.rs 2143ms 4.7ms 19.0MB 2127ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 446ms 6.4ms 5.0MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 2.rs 506ms 0.5ms 18.3MB 490ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 3597ms 3.4ms 17.7MB 3583ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 1.cr 3757ms 13ms 4.5MB 3747ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 7.rs 4892ms 1.4ms 19.8MB 4880ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 906ms 1.0ms 18.3MB 893ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 1.cr 948ms 9.2ms 4.4MB 937ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 7.rs 1231ms 2.6ms 17.7MB 1217ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 234ms 0.9ms 17.8MB 220ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
crystal 1.cr 238ms 1.0ms 3.9MB 230ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
wasm 7.rs 314ms 0.5ms 18.1MB 300ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1