Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Dart benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 728ms 5.9ms 81.0MB 700ms 33ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 30ms 64.2MB 1257ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 77ms 1.2ms 42.9MB 53ms 17ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 109ms 0.7ms 11.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1505ms 22ms 19.9MB 1440ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 4903ms 31ms 19.4MB 5353ms 77ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 85ms 1.6ms 7.1MB 63ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 341ms 6.6ms 10.4MB 347ms 10ms dart/exe 3.8.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 1.4ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 3601ms 12ms 18.0MB 3563ms 27ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.5ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 584ms 7.1ms 10.5MB 560ms 13ms dart/exe 3.8.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2481ms 9.0ms 2.9MB 2470ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 2674ms 11ms 6.1MB 2667ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 213ms 7.6ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 221ms 2.0ms 6.3MB 210ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 363ms 3.2ms 8.8MB 353ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.1ms 3.5MB 447ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 1.3ms 14.6MB 573ms 93ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 43ms 0.9ms 8.8MB 30ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.7ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 73ms 0.9ms 4.9MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 3.5ms 0.2ms 5.7MB 0ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 1290ms 24ms 94.6MB 1333ms 1373ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 2297ms 153ms 300.0MB 313ms 450ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 4416ms 92ms 97.4MB 1517ms 1573ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 245ms 3.0ms 50.3MB 193ms 253ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 15ms 53.0MB 33ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 2265ms 50ms 50.3MB 173ms 250ms dart/exe 3.8.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 167ms 3.6ms 9.1MB 157ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
dart 1.dart 572ms 8.2ms 8.8MB 560ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 2.3ms 3.0MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 186ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 484ms 10.0ms 9.1MB 473ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
dart 1.dart 1698ms 12ms 9.3MB 1683ms 7ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 80ms 1.1ms 9.1MB 70ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
dart 1.dart 119ms 0.3ms 9.1MB 110ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 316ms 2.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.6ms 6.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 331ms 1.4ms 63.8MB 307ms 27ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 880ms 16ms 64.2MB 857ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 87ms 0.6ms 43.8MB 60ms 17ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 173ms 3.0ms 22.2MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 342ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 3.dart 407ms 1.9ms 6.3MB 400ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 3.dart 45ms 0.9ms 6.3MB 40ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 350ms 2.1ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 432ms 2.5ms 42.9MB 420ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 89ms 2.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 92ms 3.7ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 1248ms 6.4ms 14.8MB 1220ms 33ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 1928ms 26ms 6.3MB 1897ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 308ms 2.5ms 14.6MB 290ms 10ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 447ms 9.3ms 4.9MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3760ms 10ms 4.5MB 3747ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 1.dart 3762ms 11ms 6.4MB 3750ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
dart 2.dart 4940ms 8.4ms 6.4MB 4930ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 945ms 7.6ms 6.3MB 933ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 949ms 7.6ms 4.4MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 1239ms 3.2ms 6.1MB 1227ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 239ms 0.0ms 6.1MB 230ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1
crystal 1.cr 241ms 5.4ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
dart 2.dart 320ms 8.4ms 6.3MB 310ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.1