Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C# benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu May 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 943ms 22ms 185.3MB 937ms 150ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 955ms 17ms 188.9MB 957ms 143ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 1235ms 5.9ms 64.2MB 1210ms 10ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 1699ms 20ms 101.5MB 1897ms 217ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 107ms 1.5ms 11.0MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 123ms 5.1ms 31.9MB 87ms 33ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 140ms 0.7ms 44.1MB 117ms 13ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 206ms 6.4ms 50.4MB 157ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.203

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1514ms 13ms 19.9MB 1450ms 53ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1-m.cs 2151ms 190ms 51.9MB 7533ms 73ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 2664ms 219ms 74.3MB 8140ms 107ms dotnet 9.0.203

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 85ms 1.3ms 7.1MB 63ms 10ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1-m.cs 167ms 15ms 19.5MB 487ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 275ms 8.4ms 36.8MB 787ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.203

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 57ms 0.6ms 6.4MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 4174ms 6.8ms 18.4MB 4150ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 4970ms 26ms 37.8MB 4940ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.1ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 690ms 2.1ms 14.5MB 673ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 866ms 5.7ms 33.9MB 843ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2480ms 8.8ms 2.9MB 2470ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 206ms 3.4ms 2.9MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 114ms 1.5ms 22.1MB 350ms 57ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 190ms 2.0ms 38.3MB 467ms 123ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 241ms 15ms 51.6MB 663ms 123ms mono 6.12.0
crystal 2.cr 550ms 2.8ms 3.5MB 447ms 90ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 1.cr 694ms 0.9ms 14.6MB 577ms 103ms crystal 1.16.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 24ms 1.2ms 15.6MB 33ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
crystal 2.cr 58ms 0.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 5-m.cs 65ms 3.9ms 37.4MB 87ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 71ms 1.9ms 30.8MB 100ms 27ms mono 6.12.0
crystal 1.cr 75ms 0.4ms 4.9MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.16.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 10ms 5.6ms 7.6MB 0ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 31ms 1.0ms 21.4MB 20ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 34ms 0.4ms 26.0MB 20ms 2ms dotnet 9.0.203

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-http2.cs 510ms 10ms 108.5MB 720ms 140ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-m.cs 566ms 39ms 140.6MB 723ms 500ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-http3.cs 674ms 12ms 144.7MB 1107ms 247ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 720ms 20ms 165.3MB 1137ms 673ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 2259ms 358ms 211.1MB 313ms 487ms crystal 1.16.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-m.cs 342ms 9.5ms 87.3MB 380ms 187ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 383ms 2.9ms 97.5MB 523ms 210ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-http2.cs 424ms 2.9ms 86.4MB 487ms 87ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-http3.cs 491ms 6.2ms 93.5MB 583ms 113ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 1184ms 99ms 54.9MB 33ms 83ms crystal 1.16.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.4ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 2.cs 94ms 1.7ms 9.8MB 80ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 151ms 1.0ms 23.2MB 133ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 256ms 3.5ms 29.5MB 240ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1044ms 8.4ms 13.0MB 1027ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1298ms 21ms 33.0MB 1283ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3310ms 13ms 45.4MB 3267ms 33ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 99ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 1.cr 187ms 2.0ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 2.cs 260ms 1.6ms 9.8MB 250ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 361ms 6.0ms 23.0MB 343ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 404ms 3.1ms 29.4MB 390ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3097ms 9.3ms 13.1MB 3073ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3653ms 102ms 32.4MB 3643ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 43.6MB 4940ms 50ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 17ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.3ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 2.cs 50ms 1.8ms 9.6MB 40ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 94ms 2.7ms 22.8MB 80ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 168ms 1.0ms 29.3MB 150ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1616ms 2.4ms 32.8MB 1610ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1820ms 6.9ms 28.8MB 1803ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 1826ms 2.7ms 12.9MB 1813ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 314ms 1.1ms 9.3MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 4.cs 331ms 1.8ms 37.2MB 310ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 550ms 85ms 39.6MB 527ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 2035ms 6.8ms 36.6MB 2010ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 2456ms 6.5ms 36.5MB 2430ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 2525ms 0.7ms 16.3MB 2510ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3562ms 4.9ms 16.3MB 3547ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 22.2MB 4987ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.4ms 5.6MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 4.cs 81ms 8.6ms 34.3MB 53ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 116ms 1.9ms 13.0MB 103ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 135ms 0.8ms 33.9MB 113ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 150ms 60ms 36.8MB 127ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 156ms 1.3ms 13.0MB 140ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 166ms 5.6ms 33.8MB 143ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 575ms 10ms 23.5MB 560ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 542ms 21ms 121.4MB 490ms 90ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 603ms 8.7ms 143.3MB 557ms 117ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 678ms 16ms 136.3MB 627ms 100ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 761ms 17ms 164.3MB 697ms 130ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 846ms 6.4ms 64.2MB 823ms 10ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 1306ms 19ms 140.5MB 1507ms 173ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 135ms 2.4ms 57.2MB 110ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 157ms 2.1ms 74.5MB 120ms 53ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 175ms 0.8ms 22.2MB 160ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 2.cs 258ms 7.0ms 74.8MB 223ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 258ms 0.7ms 69.4MB 233ms 30ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 281ms 5.4ms 89.5MB 237ms 57ms dotnet 9.0.203

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 343ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 2.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 9.cs 358ms 2.8ms 28.0MB 340ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 370ms 3.1ms 9.9MB 360ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 423ms 3.6ms 27.5MB 400ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 1250ms 5.1ms 20.4MB 1237ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.5ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.1ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 8.cs 46ms 1.1ms 9.9MB 37ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 9.cs 90ms 1.4ms 27.6MB 73ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 94ms 1.2ms 27.5MB 80ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 164ms 3.9ms 22.8MB 150ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 310ms 3.9ms 78.9MB 290ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
crystal 2.cr 348ms 4.1ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 355ms 2.4ms 96.3MB 330ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 393ms 1.8ms 17.4MB 377ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 397ms 1.9ms 35.6MB 380ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 427ms 4.1ms 43.0MB 413ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 550ms 8.4ms 84.0MB 527ms 10ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 1862ms 2.9ms 27.5MB 1847ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 64ms 3.2ms 24.8MB 50ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
crystal 2.cr 88ms 2.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
crystal 1.cr 89ms 0.3ms 13.2MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 100ms 1.2ms 42.3MB 80ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 101ms 1.3ms 11.9MB 90ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 127ms 1.0ms 30.1MB 103ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 146ms 1.7ms 38.2MB 130ms 7ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 483ms 5.4ms 23.0MB 470ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1973ms 67ms 6.3MB 1947ms 17ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 3245ms 17ms 14.0MB 3153ms 90ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3618ms 42ms 38.1MB 3630ms 113ms dotnet 9.0.203

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 457ms 15ms 5.1MB 443ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 1.cs 761ms 5.1ms 13.5MB 720ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 997ms 13ms 37.9MB 1083ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.203

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 1857ms 0.8ms 10.5MB 7263ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 1927ms 7.1ms 30.0MB 7350ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 3764ms 9.2ms 4.6MB 3750ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 3-m.cs 4664ms 7.4ms 25.5MB 18030ms 17ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 473ms 1.1ms 10.4MB 1810ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 536ms 6.8ms 29.8MB 1880ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 950ms 8.9ms 4.4MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 3-m.cs 1213ms 6.5ms 25.6MB 4547ms 10ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 127ms 1.6ms 10.5MB 450ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 181ms 4.2ms 28.5MB 503ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
crystal 1.cr 241ms 2.8ms 3.9MB 230ms 0ms crystal 1.16.2
csharp 3-m.cs 353ms 13ms 25.5MB 1193ms 10ms mono 6.12.0