Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C++ benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 30ms 64.2MB 1257ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 109ms 0.7ms 11.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1505ms 22ms 19.9MB 1440ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 85ms 1.6ms 7.1MB 63ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 1.4ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.5ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1-im.cpp 395ms 6.0ms 2.6MB 1533ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1-im.cpp 402ms 7.0ms 3.9MB 1557ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 2481ms 9.0ms 2.9MB 2470ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1-im.cpp 39ms 0.3ms 2.6MB 130ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1-im.cpp 42ms 1.6ms 4.0MB 133ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 213ms 7.6ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.1ms 3.5MB 447ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 1.3ms 14.6MB 573ms 93ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.7ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 73ms 0.9ms 4.9MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1.cpp 1.0ms 0.0ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 1.4ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 0ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2297ms 153ms 300.0MB 313ms 450ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 15ms 53.0MB 33ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 2.3ms 3.0MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 186ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 316ms 2.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.6ms 6.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 880ms 16ms 64.2MB 857ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 173ms 3.0ms 22.2MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 0-i.cpp 167ms 0.4ms 1.5MB 160ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 0-i.cpp 172ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 160ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 316ms 2.1ms 1.9MB 307ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 320ms 4.3ms 2.3MB 313ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 2.cr 342ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 0-i.cpp 19ms 0.1ms 1.5MB 10ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 0-i.cpp 19ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 10ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 34ms 0.5ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 34ms 0.5ms 1.8MB 30ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 350ms 2.1ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 432ms 2.5ms 42.9MB 420ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
cpp 1.cpp 483ms 1.2ms 7.3MB 477ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 531ms 2.7ms 7.8MB 520ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 89ms 2.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 92ms 3.7ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
cpp 1.cpp 121ms 1.0ms 3.6MB 110ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 133ms 0.6ms 4.1MB 127ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1928ms 26ms 6.3MB 1897ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 447ms 9.3ms 4.9MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 468ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 1820ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 493ms 18ms 2.1MB 1913ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 927ms 13ms 2.1MB 3633ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 952ms 38ms 3.5MB 3693ms 3ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 3760ms 10ms 4.5MB 3747ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 123ms 0.3ms 3.3MB 457ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 129ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 480ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 238ms 0.6ms 3.4MB 900ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 239ms 1.1ms 2.0MB 920ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
crystal 1.cr 949ms 7.6ms 4.4MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 39ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 130ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 8-m.cpp 46ms 13ms 3.4MB 127ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 66ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 223ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 67ms 0.6ms 2.1MB 240ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
crystal 1.cr 241ms 5.4ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3