Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Mar 25 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1276ms 8.3ms 64.0MB 1257ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 105ms 2.2ms 10.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1381ms 34ms 19.6MB 1307ms 57ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 71ms 3.7ms 7.1MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 1.7ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 0.7ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2508ms 6.1ms 2.8MB 2493ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 207ms 1.2ms 2.8MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 555ms 3.0ms 3.4MB 450ms 90ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 694ms 0.6ms 14.4MB 573ms 107ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 59ms 0.3ms 3.4MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 75ms 1.4ms 4.8MB 57ms 7ms crystal 1.15.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 1.0ms 0.0ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 1.c 1.3ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.5ms 2.8MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1690ms 21ms 287.8MB 323ms 510ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1190ms 102ms 59.1MB 37ms 83ms crystal 1.15.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 1.3ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 65ms 2.1ms 2.9MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 103ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 186ms 1.8ms 2.9MB 177ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 17ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 31ms 1.7ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 222ms 13ms 7.6MB 827ms 10ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 265ms 2.3ms 6.7MB 810ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 313ms 0.7ms 9.2MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 1-mffi.c 332ms 2.1ms 5.9MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-ffi.c 332ms 2.5ms 5.9MB 323ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-ffi.c 456ms 4.1ms 6.4MB 443ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 541ms 2.5ms 6.7MB 530ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-ffi.c 16ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 18ms 1.7ms 3.8MB 43ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.5ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 1-mffi.c 18ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 22ms 0.1ms 3.6MB 10ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 26ms 1.0ms 3.8MB 20ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 864ms 6.5ms 64.0MB 843ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 157ms 3.4ms 22.1MB 143ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 270ms 3.5ms 1.5MB 263ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 303ms 0.8ms 2.1MB 290ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 310ms 0.8ms 2.3MB 300ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 313ms 0.8ms 2.3MB 307ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 317ms 0.3ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 317ms 5.6ms 1.5MB 303ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 5.c 318ms 3.5ms 1.5MB 310ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 2.c 318ms 2.2ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 333ms 0.4ms 2.3MB 320ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 2.cr 344ms 4.8ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 345ms 2.6ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 31ms 4.1ms 1.5MB 23ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 34ms 0.5ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 34ms 0.5ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.3ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 5.c 34ms 0.1ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 34ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 35ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 36ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.5ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.5ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 2.c 40ms 2.3ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 292ms 7.4ms 41.0MB 277ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 2.cr 301ms 3.6ms 8.1MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 1.c 327ms 8.1ms 40.2MB 310ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1.c 337ms 20ms 40.8MB 317ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 440ms 6.5ms 42.3MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 53ms 4.6ms 11.8MB 43ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 1.c 55ms 2.0ms 11.6MB 43ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 60ms 1.3ms 11.0MB 50ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
crystal 2.cr 77ms 2.1ms 4.4MB 67ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 91ms 3.7ms 13.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1886ms 42ms 6.2MB 1853ms 17ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 479ms 12ms 5.0MB 463ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 958ms 2.2ms 2.0MB 3770ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 968ms 2.7ms 2.0MB 3810ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 1011ms 12ms 3.3MB 3953ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1099ms 17ms 2.0MB 4293ms 3ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 1132ms 16ms 3.1MB 4430ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1333ms 5.5ms 3.3MB 5243ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1845ms 24ms 3.3MB 7243ms 10ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1975ms 10ms 2.3MB 7780ms 7ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 3792ms 11ms 4.5MB 3783ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 247ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 943ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 252ms 1.3ms 2.1MB 967ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 263ms 2.8ms 3.3MB 993ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 287ms 8.2ms 2.0MB 1100ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 289ms 1.7ms 3.3MB 1110ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 342ms 1.1ms 3.3MB 1313ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 496ms 43ms 3.3MB 1873ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 497ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 1940ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 952ms 1.2ms 4.3MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 4-m.c 71ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 257ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 73ms 4.0ms 3.3MB 253ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 6-im.c 75ms 7.5ms 2.0MB 263ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5-im.c 79ms 1.5ms 2.0MB 280ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 79ms 0.8ms 3.1MB 280ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 92ms 1.5ms 3.1MB 327ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 126ms 3.1ms 3.1MB 453ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 131ms 1.1ms 2.0MB 493ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 248ms 11ms 3.8MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1