Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Apr 14 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1247ms 8.3ms 64.0MB 1223ms 13ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 107ms 2.4ms 10.9MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1555ms 17ms 19.8MB 1483ms 60ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 86ms 2.7ms 7.0MB 67ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 0.2ms 6.4MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.2ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2465ms 3.2ms 2.8MB 2457ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 204ms 1.4ms 2.8MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 553ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 453ms 87ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 691ms 0.8ms 14.4MB 573ms 107ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 61ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 40ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 74ms 1.6ms 4.8MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 1.1ms 0.1ms 1.3MB 0ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.8MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2319ms 124ms 255.6MB 313ms 490ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1250ms 107ms 59.0MB 37ms 80ms crystal 1.16.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 64ms 0.9ms 2.9MB 53ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 99ms 1.1ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 185ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 173ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 1.3ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.7ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 230ms 12ms 7.4MB 857ms 17ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 265ms 1.9ms 6.7MB 807ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 313ms 1.1ms 9.1MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
c 1-ffi.c 330ms 1.2ms 5.9MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 330ms 0.9ms 5.9MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-ffi.c 452ms 1.5ms 6.4MB 440ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 542ms 1.6ms 6.7MB 530ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 15ms 0.5ms 4.8MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 16ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 17ms 1.6ms 3.6MB 43ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.4ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
c 1-ffi.c 22ms 0.3ms 3.6MB 10ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 26ms 0.9ms 3.6MB 20ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 843ms 7.3ms 64.0MB 823ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 174ms 5.4ms 22.1MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 267ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 260ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 302ms 1.0ms 2.1MB 290ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 311ms 0.4ms 2.3MB 300ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 315ms 0.7ms 2.3MB 303ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 2.c 315ms 1.4ms 1.5MB 310ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 5.c 315ms 0.9ms 1.5MB 307ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 5.c 318ms 3.4ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 320ms 0.6ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 334ms 0.4ms 2.3MB 323ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 344ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 2.cr 344ms 2.7ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 29ms 0.2ms 1.5MB 20ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 33ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 23ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 34ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 34ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 27ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.6ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.2ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 2.c 35ms 0.8ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 35ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 36ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 39ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 279ms 1.8ms 40.9MB 263ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 281ms 2.9ms 40.2MB 263ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
crystal 2.cr 298ms 3.7ms 8.1MB 287ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
c 1.c 301ms 7.8ms 41.0MB 283ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 425ms 7.5ms 62.4MB 410ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 52ms 2.6ms 11.8MB 40ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 1.c 53ms 0.9ms 11.5MB 40ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 59ms 3.0ms 11.0MB 50ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
crystal 2.cr 74ms 1.4ms 4.4MB 67ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 88ms 0.8ms 13.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1901ms 45ms 6.2MB 1870ms 17ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 438ms 9.9ms 5.1MB 423ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 963ms 12ms 2.0MB 3780ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 965ms 1.5ms 2.0MB 3797ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 1008ms 5.5ms 3.3MB 3950ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1088ms 1.2ms 2.0MB 4290ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 1122ms 3.5ms 3.3MB 4407ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1342ms 23ms 3.3MB 5257ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1834ms 11ms 3.1MB 7227ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1969ms 3.6ms 2.0MB 7777ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 3762ms 7.2ms 4.5MB 3753ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 247ms 1.3ms 2.0MB 947ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 255ms 2.8ms 2.0MB 973ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 269ms 18ms 3.3MB 1007ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 284ms 3.3ms 2.0MB 1090ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 289ms 1.8ms 3.1MB 1103ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 341ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 1310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 467ms 6.6ms 3.3MB 1810ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 497ms 0.7ms 2.0MB 1937ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 950ms 9.5ms 4.3MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 69ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 250ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 71ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 253ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 71ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 250ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 78ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 280ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 79ms 1.7ms 2.0MB 283ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5-im.c 91ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 330ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 122ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 450ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 131ms 0.8ms 2.0MB 490ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 240ms 2.6ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0