Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1231ms 8.3ms 64.2MB 1203ms 10ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 1.6ms 11.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1489ms 15ms 19.9MB 1420ms 57ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 82ms 4.6ms 7.1MB 57ms 10ms crystal 1.17.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 57ms 1.8ms 6.5MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.7ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2510ms 4.1ms 2.9MB 2497ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 207ms 2.7ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 540ms 2.0ms 3.6MB 450ms 77ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 681ms 2.0ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 72ms 0.8ms 4.4MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.17.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 1.0ms 0.1ms 1.3MB 0ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 1.6ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1962ms 442ms 300.0MB 300ms 437ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1239ms 102ms 53.0MB 27ms 77ms crystal 1.17.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 70ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 105ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 201ms 2.2ms 3.0MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 33ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 219ms 4.3ms 7.6MB 810ms 10ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 264ms 0.9ms 6.6MB 810ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 1.cr 314ms 1.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
c 1-ffi.c 330ms 2.0ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-mffi.c 331ms 0.8ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-ffi.c 453ms 1.0ms 6.5MB 443ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 545ms 3.1ms 6.8MB 537ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 15ms 1.2ms 4.8MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 16ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 1.2ms 3.8MB 40ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.1ms 5.8MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
c 1-ffi.c 21ms 0.2ms 3.6MB 10ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 26ms 1.1ms 3.8MB 20ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 838ms 12ms 64.2MB 820ms 7ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 177ms 4.2ms 22.3MB 160ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 268ms 0.7ms 1.5MB 260ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 303ms 1.7ms 2.1MB 290ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 310ms 1.5ms 2.3MB 300ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 2.c 312ms 1.1ms 1.5MB 300ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 314ms 2.4ms 2.3MB 303ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5.c 315ms 1.3ms 2.1MB 307ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 316ms 1.0ms 1.5MB 310ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 2.c 317ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 336ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 330ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 2.cr 345ms 2.9ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 346ms 3.1ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 29ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 20ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 32ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 23ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 34ms 0.4ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.1ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 34ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 27ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 34ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 34ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 36ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 39ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 266ms 3.7ms 40.9MB 250ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 268ms 5.1ms 41.0MB 253ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 283ms 6.3ms 40.3MB 270ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 2.cr 301ms 3.1ms 8.3MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 420ms 4.6ms 43.0MB 403ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 54ms 5.0ms 11.6MB 43ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 55ms 3.1ms 11.7MB 43ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 59ms 2.4ms 11.0MB 50ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 2.cr 74ms 0.2ms 4.5MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 89ms 0.6ms 13.2MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1960ms 30ms 6.3MB 1927ms 17ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 438ms 11ms 5.0MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 744ms 14ms 2.0MB 2913ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 951ms 1.1ms 2.0MB 3750ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 990ms 3.6ms 2.1MB 3893ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 1002ms 3.4ms 3.4MB 3940ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 1118ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 4400ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1149ms 13ms 2.0MB 4520ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 1338ms 17ms 3.3MB 5263ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1841ms 23ms 3.3MB 7240ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 3758ms 11ms 4.5MB 3750ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 193ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 737ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 245ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 937ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 258ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 987ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 261ms 3.1ms 2.0MB 1000ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 287ms 0.9ms 3.3MB 1103ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 293ms 0.6ms 2.0MB 1130ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 340ms 0.6ms 3.3MB 1310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 463ms 0.0ms 3.3MB 1807ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 941ms 1.2ms 4.5MB 930ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 58ms 5.3ms 2.0MB 203ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 68ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 243ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 70ms 0.3ms 3.3MB 247ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 72ms 0.6ms 2.1MB 260ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 77ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 280ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 80ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 290ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 92ms 0.5ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 122ms 0.9ms 3.3MB 450ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 242ms 3.7ms 3.9MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0