Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Jul 13 2023, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][2 cores] Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8370C CPU @ 2.80GHz (Model 106)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 639ms 9.7ms 412.9MB 660ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 1788ms 5.5ms 64.4MB 1767ms 10ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 222.5MB 8533ms 983ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 132ms 9.9ms 109.4MB 123ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 139ms 2.3ms 11.3MB 127ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 458ms 8.4ms 30.6MB 813ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1819ms 61ms 20.4MB 1783ms 17ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt 2859ms 35ms 159.4MB 3670ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 3154ms 425ms 183.1MB 5987ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.8MB 6413ms 250ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 33.2MB 9280ms 163ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 97ms 1.5ms 7.7MB 77ms 10ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 691ms 31ms 100.3MB 1217ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 875ms 33ms 25.1MB 1567ms 33ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 1011ms 63ms 97.7MB 1837ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 1033ms 12ms 8.8MB 1310ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 80ms 0.7ms 7.2MB 63ms 7ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 29ms 0.7ms 5.4MB 17ms 3ms crystal 1.9.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3629ms 9.7ms 2.9MB 3617ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 298ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 821ms 5.8ms 3.3MB 710ms 93ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 1041ms 2.4ms 14.8MB 917ms 107ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 85ms 0.7ms 3.4MB 73ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 108ms 0.1ms 4.7MB 80ms 10ms crystal 1.9.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
crystal 1.cr 2.3ms 0.5ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt 65ms 4.9ms 40.9MB 50ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3497ms 61ms 192.3MB 360ms 360ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 287.7MB 8840ms 760ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 297.3MB 8820ms 700ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1284ms 15ms 52.6MB 47ms 50ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 2.kt 2423ms 55ms 184.2MB 2593ms 177ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2619ms 165ms 185.2MB 4190ms 313ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 54ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 50ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 143ms 54ms 3.0MB 130ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 227ms 2.7ms 113.7MB 337ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 257ms 15ms 113.5MB 333ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 455ms 11ms 7.9MB 673ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 910ms 6.2ms 6.0MB 1087ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 213ms 80ms 3.0MB 193ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 273ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 263ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 2.kt 367ms 4.1ms 126.9MB 457ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 459ms 1.4ms 132.3MB 493ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 1357ms 15ms 7.5MB 2073ms 30ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 2721ms 30ms 6.6MB 3223ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 29ms 5.2ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 49ms 4.2ms 3.1MB 37ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt 180ms 11ms 75.9MB 233ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 181ms 1.5ms 78.5MB 263ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 226ms 3.1ms 5.1MB 367ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 253ms 9.0ms 4.2MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 585ms 11ms 9.8MB 570ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 29ms 0.2ms 6.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 451ms 3.4ms 285.9MB 453ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 1237ms 24ms 64.4MB 1210ms 13ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2659ms 202ms 142.4MB 4287ms 450ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 178ms 0.4ms 221.7MB 157ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 226ms 8.6ms 17.5MB 210ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 474ms 3.2ms 38.4MB 753ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 450ms 0.3ms 2.9MB 437ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 468ms 29ms 3.0MB 457ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1n.kt 532ms 5.2ms 1.5MB 517ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 576ms 4.4ms 42.8MB 577ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 48ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 48ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1n.kt 55ms 0.1ms 1.5MB 50ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 148ms 2.5ms 43.4MB 150ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 458ms 6.2ms 8.0MB 443ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 604ms 9.8ms 42.6MB 583ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 103ms 0.3ms 4.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
crystal 1.cr 140ms 4.1ms 13.0MB 127ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2576ms 68ms 6.6MB 2557ms 3ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 235.7MB 5407ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 22.7MB 6417ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5040ms 90ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 583ms 11ms 5.4MB 570ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0
kotlin 1.kt 1452ms 7.6ms 216.7MB 1817ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 6497ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.6MB 5027ms 107ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr timeout 0.0ms 4.4MB 4983ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1433ms 0.2ms 3.9MB 1423ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 364ms 0.3ms 4.0MB 350ms 0ms crystal 1.9.0