Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Nov 16 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 475ms 17ms 579.4MB 547ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 1357ms 14ms 64.3MB 1337ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3085ms 72ms 252.5MB 5140ms 680ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 102ms 2.5ms 160.0MB 107ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 110ms 3.0ms 11.1MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 266ms 3.6ms 32.5MB 413ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1420ms 28ms 20.1MB 1340ms 63ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1840ms 308ms 239.6MB 6827ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2169ms 43ms 219.8MB 3023ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.7MB 6043ms 460ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 73.0MB 19093ms 107ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 78ms 1.8ms 7.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 395ms 5.2ms 34.8MB 1433ms 40ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 464ms 3.6ms 73.7MB 1043ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 674ms 5.0ms 10.9MB 807ms 53ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 883ms 143ms 98.4MB 3080ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 1.0ms 6.6MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.5ms 5.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2479ms 10ms 3.0MB 2467ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 206ms 2.2ms 3.0MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 539ms 2.5ms 3.4MB 407ms 113ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 727ms 0.8ms 14.7MB 597ms 120ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 59ms 1.6ms 3.4MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 77ms 1.6ms 4.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 55ms 4.0ms 47.5MB 58ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2213ms 195ms 186.4MB 290ms 500ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 4705ms 97ms 372.4MB 14620ms 2427ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 382.6MB 16320ms 2680ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1222ms 100ms 53.8MB 27ms 83ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2187ms 374ms 258.9MB 6430ms 637ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2195ms 62ms 249.1MB 5710ms 610ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 65ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 53ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 179ms 2.4ms 96.4MB 293ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 193ms 1.1ms 103.4MB 407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 304ms 3.0ms 7.9MB 427ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 515ms 18ms 7.8MB 623ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 100ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 183ms 1.6ms 3.1MB 170ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 304ms 11ms 212.8MB 533ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 325ms 2.9ms 202.8MB 440ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 898ms 0.8ms 7.8MB 1297ms 43ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1591ms 14ms 7.9MB 1973ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.0ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 140ms 3.1ms 90.2MB 267ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 142ms 3.9ms 5.7MB 200ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 154ms 12ms 98.0MB 293ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 170ms 6.0ms 5.7MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 314ms 1.8ms 9.2MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.3ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 350ms 2.1ms 679.4MB 383ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 804ms 11ms 81.7MB 773ms 13ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1501ms 11ms 136.5MB 2307ms 327ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 127ms 2.6ms 206.6MB 150ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 160ms 0.7ms 22.4MB 140ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 314ms 24ms 40.5MB 453ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 342ms 2.6ms 3.4MB 327ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.4MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 407ms 3.5ms 4.6MB 397ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 2.0ms 49.1MB 483ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 0.2ms 3.4MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 39ms 0.3ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 45ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 118ms 1.0ms 49.6MB 160ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 351ms 1.7ms 8.4MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 373ms 4.3ms 43.0MB 357ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 79ms 1.1ms 13.3MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 87ms 1.7ms 4.6MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2001ms 13ms 6.4MB 1953ms 30ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 3780ms 66ms 353.7MB 4587ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.6MB 6390ms 297ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4990ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 451ms 17ms 5.2MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 992ms 31ms 352.8MB 1700ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.3MB 6427ms 263ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5007ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3898ms 25ms 4.6MB 3887ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 981ms 2.7ms 4.5MB 967ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 251ms 3.2ms 4.0MB 240ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0