Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Dec 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 480ms 16ms 575.9MB 567ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 1390ms 8.4ms 64.3MB 1363ms 7ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3116ms 32ms 248.5MB 5177ms 713ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 102ms 1.9ms 158.0MB 110ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 108ms 0.6ms 11.1MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 299ms 30ms 32.5MB 463ms 60ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1318ms 45ms 20.1MB 1233ms 67ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1604ms 72ms 235.4MB 5907ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2135ms 35ms 220.1MB 2943ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.9MB 6260ms 513ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 85.0MB 19090ms 157ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 77ms 1.0ms 7.5MB 50ms 13ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 419ms 4.7ms 54.7MB 1533ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 483ms 3.9ms 74.0MB 1130ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 678ms 2.7ms 10.8MB 817ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 790ms 26ms 99.0MB 2727ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 60ms 2.2ms 6.6MB 40ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.1ms 5.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2494ms 6.2ms 3.0MB 2483ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 208ms 2.8ms 3.0MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 538ms 2.4ms 3.4MB 420ms 100ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 728ms 1.8ms 14.6MB 590ms 120ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 59ms 0.9ms 3.4MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 76ms 0.1ms 4.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.1ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.4ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 58ms 4.7ms 47.4MB 56ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1947ms 461ms 187.1MB 310ms 500ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 394.9MB 16237ms 2760ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 429.2MB 15370ms 2387ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1158ms 90ms 66.3MB 30ms 90ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 2027ms 55ms 244.2MB 5847ms 583ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2574ms 75ms 211.5MB 7400ms 730ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 1.4ms 3.1MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 63ms 1.1ms 3.1MB 50ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 185ms 5.2ms 96.3MB 300ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 2.7ms 103.3MB 427ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 303ms 3.4ms 7.6MB 423ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 505ms 3.2ms 7.8MB 597ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 99ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 187ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 310ms 1.0ms 213.2MB 547ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 329ms 4.8ms 204.6MB 437ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 910ms 4.1ms 7.8MB 1313ms 40ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1549ms 11ms 7.8MB 1893ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.0ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 2.kt 137ms 0.1ms 5.7MB 190ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 142ms 1.1ms 90.9MB 277ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 158ms 11ms 93.7MB 300ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 166ms 2.7ms 5.8MB 203ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 313ms 1.8ms 9.2MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.2ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 353ms 4.0ms 679.4MB 377ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 833ms 8.7ms 81.7MB 817ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1537ms 54ms 136.5MB 2363ms 343ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 131ms 0.9ms 206.5MB 157ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
crystal 1.cr 162ms 1.4ms 22.3MB 147ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 319ms 4.8ms 40.5MB 470ms 77ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 343ms 1.1ms 3.4MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.1ms 3.4MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 407ms 3.6ms 4.7MB 400ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 446ms 1.4ms 49.5MB 480ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 0.8ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 38ms 1.0ms 3.4MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 46ms 0.7ms 4.7MB 40ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 123ms 1.1ms 49.4MB 163ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 349ms 3.6ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 386ms 1.2ms 43.1MB 373ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 82ms 1.2ms 13.3MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 91ms 2.2ms 4.6MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2001ms 73ms 6.4MB 1963ms 20ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 3707ms 69ms 352.5MB 4577ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 20.9MB 6393ms 267ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4993ms 160ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 454ms 18ms 5.2MB 440ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1004ms 32ms 354.5MB 1770ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6367ms 263ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 5000ms 160ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3904ms 21ms 4.6MB 3893ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 979ms 2.1ms 4.3MB 967ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 249ms 2.4ms 4.0MB 240ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0