Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Feb 06 2023, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][2 cores] Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8272CL CPU @ 2.60GHz (Model 85)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 680ms 32ms 605.5MB 653ms 140ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 2277ms 6.4ms 64.1MB 2247ms 20ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 214.4MB 8197ms 1193ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 148ms 16ms 109.3MB 117ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 166ms 2.6ms 10.9MB 153ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 596ms 9.2ms 30.5MB 1030ms 100ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2381ms 14ms 20.3MB 2337ms 30ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 3157ms 743ms 180.6MB 5957ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 3186ms 97ms 160.2MB 4060ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.7MB 6297ms 270ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 31.8MB 9370ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 125ms 1.4ms 7.5MB 107ms 3ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 752ms 40ms 101.1MB 1307ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 1041ms 62ms 99.5MB 1863ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 1092ms 41ms 26.4MB 1957ms 43ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 1.kt 1175ms 17ms 8.7MB 1417ms 97ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 77ms 0.3ms 6.5MB 57ms 7ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.2ms 5.2MB 13ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3751ms 1.7ms 3.0MB 3737ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 304ms 0.8ms 2.9MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 725ms 2.3ms 3.2MB 637ms 73ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 963ms 1.4ms 14.6MB 850ms 100ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 76ms 0.3ms 3.3MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 101ms 0.7ms 4.6MB 77ms 10ms crystal 1.7.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.7ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
crystal 1.cr 2.9ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 68ms 5.9ms 40.9MB 54ms 12ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3536ms 60ms 207.5MB 597ms 383ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 240.0MB 8973ms 560ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 296.4MB 8620ms 767ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1358ms 112ms 52.9MB 73ms 63ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 2762ms 277ms 199.6MB 4230ms 370ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 3108ms 353ms 192.5MB 4943ms 437ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 56ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 47ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 93ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 2.kt 253ms 4.6ms 113.5MB 353ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 271ms 20ms 113.4MB 323ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 468ms 3.6ms 48.2MB 687ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.9MB 5003ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 161ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 150ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 270ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 260ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 2.kt 423ms 8.2ms 125.2MB 493ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 490ms 5.2ms 132.5MB 530ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt 1471ms 4.0ms 115.4MB 2097ms 90ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.3MB 4993ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 29ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 47ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 190ms 6.1ms 73.7MB 247ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 6.4ms 75.8MB 280ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 232ms 1.0ms 28.3MB 357ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.1MB 5000ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 413ms 0.6ms 9.6MB 400ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 0.3ms 6.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 514ms 21ms 361.1MB 490ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 1618ms 9.5ms 64.2MB 1590ms 13ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 3231ms 169ms 138.5MB 4950ms 777ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 203ms 3.9ms 221.1MB 177ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
crystal 1.cr 288ms 7.9ms 22.2MB 267ms 10ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 648ms 0.2ms 38.4MB 1067ms 100ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 547ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 537ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 2.cr 575ms 6.4ms 2.9MB 563ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 660ms 1.7ms 43.2MB 647ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt 660ms 9.2ms 1.5MB 650ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 60ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 50ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 60ms 1.8ms 2.9MB 50ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1n.kt 75ms 2.4ms 5.5MB 67ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 1.kt 156ms 6.4ms 42.8MB 153ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 441ms 2.4ms 7.8MB 423ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 1153ms 37ms 42.3MB 1130ms 10ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 97ms 0.5ms 4.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 149ms 0.7ms 12.8MB 140ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2850ms 21ms 7.5MB 2820ms 17ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 212.7MB 5380ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 18.8MB 6640ms 163ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 11.0MB 5047ms 123ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 614ms 9.2ms 5.3MB 587ms 10ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 1500ms 20ms 248.1MB 1817ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 19.0MB 6643ms 180ms kotlin/native 1.8.10
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5037ms 130ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2316ms 4.3ms 173.9MB 2247ms 53ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 161.4MB 5330ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.2MB 5207ms 970ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 243ms 1.6ms 32.0MB 220ms 3ms crystal 1.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 1024ms 13ms 95.3MB 1387ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt 4777ms 65ms 65.3MB 6153ms 33ms kotlin/native 1.8.10

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr timeout 0.0ms 4.0MB 4983ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1524ms 1.0ms 3.8MB 1507ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 385ms 0.4ms 3.8MB 373ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2