Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Python benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Feb 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1363ms 1.9ms 64.6MB 1337ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 1568ms 90ms 79.1MB 1510ms 40ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 41.3MB 4977ms 10ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.5MB 4763ms 223ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 0.1ms 11.4MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 116ms 0.7ms 62.6MB 80ms 20ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 478ms 4.3ms 11.9MB 450ms 13ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 732ms 6.5ms 13.1MB 713ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 301ms 0.9ms 20.4MB 277ms 7ms cpython 3.12.1
crystal 1.cr 1546ms 60ms 20.6MB 1490ms 40ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 3056ms 23ms 116.4MB 2993ms 47ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 17.3MB 4980ms 7ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 82ms 3.7ms 7.6MB 60ms 13ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 292ms 2.9ms 82.9MB 243ms 30ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 303ms 0.9ms 20.4MB 280ms 7ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 653ms 8.2ms 16.8MB 637ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 60ms 1.4ms 7.0MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 257ms 4.7ms 63.0MB 223ms 17ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 355ms 7.3ms 13.0MB 333ms 7ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 1998ms 10ms 9.6MB 1980ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.1ms 5.6MB 10ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 105ms 3.0ms 61.5MB 77ms 17ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 132ms 49ms 12.0MB 93ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 347ms 2.1ms 8.8MB 330ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2458ms 1.6ms 3.3MB 2450ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 205ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 530ms 2.1ms 3.8MB 430ms 83ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 695ms 1.7ms 14.9MB 580ms 100ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 1945ms 8.0ms 62.7MB 1917ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 5-m.py 2465ms 14ms 12.4MB 3553ms 1027ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 2926ms 14ms 63.1MB 4217ms 773ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 3002ms 24ms 8.1MB 2987ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 3316ms 15ms 14.3MB 4393ms 993ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 4481ms 71ms 9.3MB 4473ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 57ms 1.0ms 3.6MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 74ms 1.2ms 4.8MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 267ms 4.6ms 61.3MB 240ms 7ms pypy 3.10.13
python 5-m.py 314ms 12ms 12.5MB 407ms 147ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 316ms 1.5ms 8.1MB 303ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 401ms 1.6ms 14.3MB 463ms 167ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 469ms 14ms 9.3MB 457ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 5-m.py 657ms 11ms 63.1MB 880ms 367ms pypy 3.10.13

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 12ms 0.9ms 7.6MB 0ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 14ms 1.3ms 9.0MB 0ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 30ms 1.2ms 48.6MB 8ms 8ms pypy 3.10.13

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 2025ms 149ms 36.9MB 1037ms 1437ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 2549ms 259ms 33.6MB 1583ms 1460ms cpython 3.12.1
crystal 1.cr 3454ms 121ms 214.8MB 293ms 433ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 4777ms 225ms 98.0MB 3277ms 1110ms pypy 3.10.13

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1113ms 9.9ms 28.9MB 323ms 247ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 1119ms 55ms 30.6MB 210ms 260ms pyston 3.8.12
crystal 1.cr 1157ms 109ms 53.9MB 27ms 77ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 1605ms 357ms 88.8MB 810ms 207ms pypy 3.10.13

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 38ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 67ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 2.py 154ms 4.7ms 56.8MB 123ms 17ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 189ms 6.3ms 59.5MB 160ms 13ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 729ms 10ms 8.9MB 713ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 851ms 3.5ms 8.5MB 840ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1105ms 12ms 9.9MB 1093ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py 1288ms 22ms 9.5MB 1277ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 106ms 1.1ms 3.3MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 188ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 2.py 349ms 3.5ms 59.9MB 327ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 395ms 5.9ms 60.9MB 367ms 17ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 2192ms 83ms 8.9MB 2180ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 2556ms 13ms 8.5MB 2547ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3250ms 26ms 9.9MB 3233ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py 3744ms 9.6ms 9.5MB 3733ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 20ms 1.2ms 3.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 35ms 1.1ms 3.1MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 2.py 113ms 4.7ms 56.5MB 87ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 122ms 0.4ms 57.5MB 93ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 349ms 6.2ms 8.5MB 337ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 391ms 3.9ms 8.1MB 380ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 528ms 10ms 9.5MB 517ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py 616ms 7.8ms 9.3MB 603ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 373ms 1.3ms 9.5MB 360ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 20ms 0.3ms 6.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 928ms 8.2ms 64.6MB 903ms 7ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 2604ms 19ms 201.5MB 2490ms 97ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 81.6MB 4970ms 20ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 130.4MB 4943ms 40ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 171ms 2.6ms 17.6MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 487ms 3.0ms 94.2MB 440ms 30ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 34.1MB 4977ms 7ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 41.4MB 4970ms 17ms pyston 3.8.12

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 342ms 0.8ms 3.5MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 2.cr 348ms 10ms 3.5MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 2.py 1386ms 17ms 60.4MB 1357ms 17ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 2647ms 17ms 54.1MB 2617ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 9.1MB 4987ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 9.3MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4980ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.1MB 4983ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.5ms 3.5MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 39ms 1.2ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 2.py 179ms 0.4ms 55.8MB 153ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 305ms 5.4ms 54.0MB 283ms 10ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 942ms 43ms 8.3MB 930ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1314ms 31ms 8.1MB 1300ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 2986ms 131ms 9.1MB 2973ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py 3077ms 2.2ms 9.1MB 3063ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 380ms 2.1ms 42.7MB 363ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 2.cr 381ms 2.1ms 8.4MB 370ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 2.py 3061ms 79ms 632.9MB 2887ms 157ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3479ms 37ms 366.2MB 3410ms 50ms pypy 3.10.13
python 1.py 4862ms 92ms 320.5MB 4807ms 47ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 4871ms 47ms 634.1MB 4697ms 160ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 321.7MB 4963ms 23ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 956.8MB 4737ms 247ms pypy 3.10.13

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 80ms 1.2ms 13.3MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 2.cr 93ms 0.9ms 4.8MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 1.py 698ms 9.1ms 131.7MB 667ms 17ms pypy 3.10.13
python 2.py 735ms 2.3ms 164.3MB 690ms 23ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1113ms 6.9ms 86.0MB 1087ms 7ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1213ms 1.8ms 165.4MB 1170ms 30ms cpython 3.12.1
python 1.py 2241ms 84ms 87.3MB 2217ms 10ms cpython 3.12.1
python 2.py 2612ms 31ms 283.0MB 2523ms 77ms pypy 3.10.13

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 4.py 1897ms 5.0ms 8.9MB 1850ms 30ms pyston 3.8.12
crystal 1.cr 1944ms 14ms 6.5MB 1910ms 17ms crystal 1.11.2
python 4.py 1959ms 2.6ms 9.9MB 1910ms 33ms cpython 3.12.1
python 4.py 2334ms 11ms 63.4MB 2280ms 37ms pypy 3.10.13

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 4.py 450ms 3.6ms 8.8MB 433ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
crystal 1.cr 452ms 10ms 5.4MB 437ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
python 4.py 466ms 5.6ms 9.6MB 450ms 0ms cpython 3.12.1
python 4.py 569ms 8.0ms 61.9MB 537ms 13ms pypy 3.10.13

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3743ms 15ms 4.8MB 3727ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 17.2MB 57ms 13ms cpython 3.12.1
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 76.8MB 967ms 133ms pypy 3.10.13
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 18.1MB 63ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 945ms 4.4ms 4.4MB 933ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 16.8MB 100ms 13ms cpython 3.12.1
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 75.9MB 1767ms 440ms pypy 3.10.13
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 17.8MB 150ms 30ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 238ms 0.1ms 4.1MB 227ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
python 8-m.py 2161ms 17ms 76.3MB 6830ms 320ms pypy 3.10.13
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.6MB 293ms 40ms cpython 3.12.1
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 17.2MB 430ms 120ms pyston 3.8.12