Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Python benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Apr 14 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1213ms 9.6ms 96.3MB 1153ms 47ms pypy 3.10.16
crystal 1.cr 1247ms 8.3ms 64.0MB 1223ms 13ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.9MB 4967ms 17ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.5MB 4760ms 227ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 97ms 0.7ms 68.7MB 70ms 20ms pypy 3.10.16
crystal 1.cr 107ms 2.4ms 10.9MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 477ms 2.7ms 11.9MB 450ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 732ms 10.0ms 12.8MB 720ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1229ms 8.1ms 106.1MB 1177ms 37ms pypy 3.10.16
crystal 1.cr 1555ms 17ms 19.8MB 1483ms 60ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 2740ms 11ms 25.2MB 2720ms 10ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 17.3MB 4980ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 86ms 2.7ms 7.0MB 67ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 226ms 4.5ms 86.4MB 190ms 23ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 238ms 4.8ms 20.5MB 217ms 7ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py 677ms 17ms 16.8MB 657ms 7ms pyston 3.8.12

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 0.2ms 6.4MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 249ms 0.9ms 83.6MB 213ms 20ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 364ms 4.3ms 12.6MB 350ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py 2004ms 3.1ms 9.6MB 1990ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.2ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 101ms 1.7ms 63.4MB 73ms 13ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 112ms 3.3ms 12.4MB 97ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py 350ms 3.1ms 8.8MB 340ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2465ms 3.2ms 2.8MB 2457ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 204ms 1.4ms 2.8MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 553ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 453ms 87ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 691ms 0.8ms 14.4MB 573ms 107ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 1856ms 3.7ms 88.7MB 1810ms 33ms pypy 3.10.16
python 5-m.py 2281ms 14ms 65.4MB 3517ms 857ms pypy 3.10.16
python 5-m.py 2454ms 16ms 12.5MB 3597ms 933ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3039ms 6.1ms 8.1MB 3027ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 3378ms 6.8ms 13.9MB 4507ms 907ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py 4717ms 37ms 8.9MB 4703ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 61ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 40ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 74ms 1.6ms 4.8MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 253ms 4.7ms 63.3MB 227ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 5-m.py 311ms 6.2ms 12.5MB 407ms 143ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 313ms 1.7ms 8.1MB 300ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 410ms 4.8ms 13.8MB 487ms 147ms cpython 3.13.3
python 5-m.py 451ms 3.7ms 65.4MB 747ms 310ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 498ms 22ms 8.9MB 483ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.8MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 11ms 0.9ms 7.8MB 0ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 14ms 1.3ms 8.6MB 10ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py 28ms 0.4ms 51.6MB 10ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1982ms 291ms 26.5MB 1100ms 1583ms pyston 3.8.12
crystal 1.cr 2319ms 124ms 255.6MB 313ms 490ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 2558ms 418ms 27.5MB 1607ms 1657ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py 4758ms 76ms 103.4MB 2947ms 1227ms pypy 3.10.16

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1099ms 21ms 21.1MB 243ms 273ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1164ms 45ms 22.8MB 320ms 287ms cpython 3.13.3
crystal 1.cr 1250ms 107ms 59.0MB 37ms 80ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 1596ms 195ms 86.4MB 730ms 227ms pypy 3.10.16

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 64ms 0.9ms 2.9MB 53ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 2.py 145ms 1.4ms 58.3MB 120ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 178ms 1.3ms 59.3MB 150ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 726ms 8.6ms 8.9MB 717ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 840ms 8.8ms 8.5MB 830ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1148ms 17ms 9.5MB 1137ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py 1347ms 2.0ms 9.3MB 1333ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 99ms 1.1ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 185ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 173ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 2.py 344ms 7.2ms 59.2MB 320ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 380ms 1.8ms 60.3MB 357ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 2133ms 11ms 8.9MB 2120ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 2493ms 11ms 8.5MB 2480ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3395ms 51ms 9.5MB 3383ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py 3992ms 18ms 9.1MB 3980ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 1.3ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.7ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 2.py 104ms 2.3ms 58.1MB 87ms 7ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 122ms 4.0ms 58.7MB 100ms 13ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 349ms 7.4ms 8.5MB 337ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 390ms 5.2ms 8.1MB 377ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 552ms 6.4ms 9.3MB 540ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py 649ms 7.0ms 8.8MB 637ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 313ms 1.1ms 9.1MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.4ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 843ms 7.3ms 64.0MB 823ms 10ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 2227ms 9.2ms 202.8MB 2113ms 100ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 94.0MB 4960ms 27ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 130.4MB 4937ms 47ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 174ms 5.4ms 22.1MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 384ms 2.6ms 105.2MB 327ms 43ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 3481ms 73ms 37.3MB 3450ms 20ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 48.9MB 4957ms 30ms pyston 3.8.12

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 344ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 2.cr 344ms 2.7ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 2.py 1350ms 3.5ms 57.9MB 1327ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 2654ms 20ms 57.2MB 2627ms 13ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.9MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.9MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4990ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.1MB 4990ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 39ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 2.py 177ms 2.0ms 57.9MB 157ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 309ms 11ms 57.1MB 287ms 7ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 1009ms 134ms 8.3MB 997ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1304ms 5.0ms 8.3MB 1293ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 2984ms 72ms 8.8MB 2970ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py 3398ms 9.8ms 8.9MB 3387ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 298ms 3.7ms 8.1MB 287ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 425ms 7.5ms 62.4MB 410ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 2598ms 14ms 369.5MB 2527ms 60ms pypy 3.10.16
python 2.py 3071ms 19ms 633.0MB 2897ms 157ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 4831ms 76ms 320.4MB 4770ms 47ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 321.3MB 4960ms 27ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 633.8MB 4833ms 150ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 959.7MB 4723ms 260ms pypy 3.10.16

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 74ms 1.4ms 4.4MB 67ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
crystal 1.cr 88ms 0.8ms 13.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 1.py 545ms 16ms 135.2MB 510ms 20ms pypy 3.10.16
python 2.py 746ms 6.9ms 164.2MB 707ms 27ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1093ms 21ms 86.0MB 1070ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1471ms 14ms 165.0MB 1430ms 30ms cpython 3.13.3
python 2.py 1569ms 31ms 290.2MB 1480ms 77ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 2775ms 8.1ms 86.9MB 2750ms 10ms cpython 3.13.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1901ms 45ms 6.2MB 1870ms 17ms crystal 1.16.0
python 4.py 1925ms 11ms 8.9MB 1877ms 33ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 1996ms 9.8ms 9.5MB 1940ms 43ms cpython 3.13.3
python 4.py 2190ms 2.9ms 89.4MB 2150ms 27ms pypy 3.10.16

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 438ms 9.9ms 5.1MB 423ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 4.py 451ms 0.8ms 8.6MB 440ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 476ms 4.0ms 9.3MB 467ms 0ms cpython 3.13.3
python 4.py 553ms 5.0ms 83.9MB 513ms 23ms pypy 3.10.16

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3762ms 7.2ms 4.5MB 3753ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 40ms 7ms cpython 3.13.3
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 96.8MB 803ms 73ms pypy 3.10.16
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.1MB 33ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 950ms 9.5ms 4.3MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.6MB 50ms 10ms cpython 3.13.3
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 96.2MB 1303ms 180ms pypy 3.10.16
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 13.7MB 57ms 20ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 240ms 2.6ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.16.0
python 8-m.py 1955ms 10ms 93.2MB 6330ms 253ms pypy 3.10.16
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.3MB 90ms 13ms cpython 3.13.3
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 13.1MB 127ms 37ms pyston 3.8.12