Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Python benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Mar 25 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1197ms 3.3ms 96.2MB 1130ms 53ms pypy 3.10.16
crystal 1.cr 1276ms 8.3ms 64.0MB 1257ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.8MB 4967ms 17ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.5MB 4740ms 250ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 97ms 2.2ms 68.7MB 67ms 17ms pypy 3.10.16
crystal 1.cr 105ms 2.2ms 10.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 487ms 1.2ms 11.9MB 460ms 13ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 726ms 15ms 12.6MB 713ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1280ms 15ms 107.2MB 1230ms 37ms pypy 3.10.16
crystal 1.cr 1381ms 34ms 19.6MB 1307ms 57ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 2668ms 8.1ms 25.1MB 2643ms 10ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 4980ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 71ms 3.7ms 7.1MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 221ms 0.4ms 86.7MB 183ms 23ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 239ms 1.7ms 20.3MB 220ms 10ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py 663ms 2.7ms 16.8MB 637ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 1.7ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 252ms 2.8ms 83.3MB 213ms 27ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 360ms 4.5ms 12.5MB 343ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py 2006ms 3.3ms 9.6MB 1990ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 0.7ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 105ms 0.1ms 63.3MB 73ms 17ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 125ms 28ms 12.3MB 100ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py 349ms 1.6ms 8.8MB 337ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2508ms 6.1ms 2.8MB 2493ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 207ms 1.2ms 2.8MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 555ms 3.0ms 3.4MB 450ms 90ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 694ms 0.6ms 14.4MB 573ms 107ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 1866ms 18ms 88.8MB 1820ms 33ms pypy 3.10.16
python 5-m.py 2278ms 15ms 65.4MB 3513ms 857ms pypy 3.10.16
python 5-m.py 2482ms 19ms 12.5MB 3550ms 1030ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3030ms 3.8ms 8.1MB 3020ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 3399ms 44ms 13.5MB 4503ms 963ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py 4712ms 79ms 8.8MB 4703ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 59ms 0.3ms 3.4MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 75ms 1.4ms 4.8MB 57ms 7ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 249ms 2.9ms 63.3MB 220ms 13ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 317ms 7.5ms 8.1MB 303ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 321ms 4.6ms 12.5MB 420ms 147ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 405ms 4.6ms 13.5MB 490ms 133ms cpython 3.13.2
python 5-m.py 450ms 2.3ms 65.4MB 730ms 327ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 484ms 3.0ms 8.8MB 473ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.5ms 2.8MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 12ms 0.8ms 7.6MB 0ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 14ms 1.2ms 8.6MB 10ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py 30ms 1.2ms 51.4MB 10ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1690ms 21ms 287.8MB 323ms 510ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 2282ms 194ms 26.9MB 1117ms 1593ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 2580ms 481ms 27.6MB 1630ms 1610ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py 4863ms 221ms 103.4MB 2960ms 1227ms pypy 3.10.16

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1083ms 4.6ms 21.3MB 230ms 290ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1174ms 104ms 22.5MB 320ms 273ms cpython 3.13.2
crystal 1.cr 1190ms 102ms 59.1MB 37ms 83ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 1547ms 248ms 85.3MB 713ms 237ms pypy 3.10.16

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 1.3ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 65ms 2.1ms 2.9MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 2.py 147ms 1.7ms 58.3MB 127ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 184ms 4.8ms 59.3MB 160ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 721ms 2.1ms 8.9MB 707ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 846ms 12ms 8.5MB 837ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1125ms 14ms 9.3MB 1113ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py 1331ms 3.3ms 9.0MB 1320ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 103ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 186ms 1.8ms 2.9MB 177ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 2.py 345ms 4.6ms 59.2MB 320ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 383ms 1.7ms 60.3MB 360ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 2123ms 11ms 8.9MB 2107ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 2478ms 14ms 8.5MB 2463ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3384ms 51ms 9.3MB 3370ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py 4191ms 262ms 9.0MB 4180ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 17ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 31ms 1.7ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 2.py 108ms 2.1ms 57.9MB 83ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 124ms 2.8ms 58.7MB 97ms 13ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 350ms 0.8ms 8.5MB 337ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 388ms 2.7ms 8.1MB 380ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 535ms 0.5ms 9.0MB 520ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py 638ms 8.7ms 8.6MB 623ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 313ms 0.7ms 9.2MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.5ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 864ms 6.5ms 64.0MB 843ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 2242ms 13ms 202.7MB 2123ms 100ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 93.6MB 4953ms 30ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 130.4MB 4930ms 53ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 157ms 3.4ms 22.1MB 143ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 384ms 3.7ms 105.2MB 320ms 47ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 3229ms 20ms 37.2MB 3203ms 13ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 48.4MB 4963ms 23ms pyston 3.8.12

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 344ms 4.8ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 345ms 2.6ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 2.py 1357ms 7.5ms 57.9MB 1330ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 2662ms 11ms 57.2MB 2640ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4990ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.1MB 4990ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.5ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.5ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 2.py 179ms 2.5ms 57.9MB 157ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 310ms 12ms 57.0MB 287ms 10ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 934ms 14ms 8.3MB 920ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1326ms 45ms 8.1MB 1313ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3035ms 123ms 8.6MB 3020ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py 3207ms 87ms 8.8MB 3197ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 301ms 3.6ms 8.1MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 440ms 6.5ms 42.3MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 2644ms 5.0ms 369.5MB 2577ms 57ms pypy 3.10.16
python 2.py 3165ms 30ms 633.0MB 2990ms 157ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 321.1MB 4960ms 30ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 633.6MB 4830ms 153ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 959.7MB 4717ms 270ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 320.4MB 4933ms 50ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 77ms 2.1ms 4.4MB 67ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 91ms 3.7ms 13.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 1.py 554ms 4.7ms 135.2MB 517ms 23ms pypy 3.10.16
python 2.py 754ms 4.9ms 164.2MB 710ms 27ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1144ms 17ms 86.0MB 1117ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1460ms 5.5ms 164.8MB 1417ms 30ms cpython 3.13.2
python 2.py 1589ms 53ms 290.2MB 1500ms 77ms pypy 3.10.16
python 1.py 2736ms 37ms 86.8MB 2710ms 10ms cpython 3.13.2

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1886ms 42ms 6.2MB 1853ms 17ms crystal 1.15.1
python 4.py 1912ms 9.2ms 8.9MB 1870ms 27ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 1956ms 14ms 9.3MB 1890ms 47ms cpython 3.13.2
python 4.py 2197ms 12ms 89.4MB 2153ms 30ms pypy 3.10.16

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 4.py 453ms 3.4ms 8.6MB 443ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 463ms 0.7ms 9.1MB 450ms 0ms cpython 3.13.2
crystal 1.cr 479ms 12ms 5.0MB 463ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 4.py 551ms 4.4ms 83.8MB 517ms 20ms pypy 3.10.16

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3792ms 11ms 4.5MB 3783ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 30ms 10ms cpython 3.13.2
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 95.8MB 803ms 87ms pypy 3.10.16
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.2MB 40ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 952ms 1.2ms 4.3MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.3MB 47ms 13ms cpython 3.13.2
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 96.3MB 1323ms 190ms pypy 3.10.16
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 13.6MB 63ms 20ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 248ms 11ms 3.8MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
python 8-m.py 1978ms 5.9ms 93.1MB 6363ms 257ms pypy 3.10.16
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.0MB 90ms 17ms cpython 3.13.2
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 13.2MB 130ms 40ms pyston 3.8.12