Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Python benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Nov 16 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1164ms 8.8ms 95.7MB 1100ms 47ms pypy 3.10.14
crystal 1.cr 1357ms 14ms 64.3MB 1337ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.9MB 4970ms 13ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.5MB 4767ms 213ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 93ms 0.7ms 67.9MB 60ms 17ms pypy 3.10.14
crystal 1.cr 110ms 3.0ms 11.1MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 474ms 4.5ms 11.9MB 450ms 7ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 716ms 13ms 12.8MB 707ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1187ms 11ms 103.5MB 1140ms 30ms pypy 3.10.14
crystal 1.cr 1420ms 28ms 20.1MB 1340ms 63ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 21.3MB 4977ms 10ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 4980ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 78ms 1.8ms 7.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 221ms 6.2ms 84.3MB 170ms 33ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 582ms 3.3ms 20.4MB 557ms 7ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 645ms 2.4ms 16.8MB 623ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 1.0ms 6.6MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 251ms 2.6ms 82.9MB 217ms 17ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 358ms 6.5ms 12.6MB 343ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 1992ms 1.4ms 9.6MB 1977ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.5ms 5.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 99ms 3.0ms 62.9MB 73ms 17ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 109ms 4.3ms 11.9MB 97ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 345ms 0.2ms 8.8MB 330ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2479ms 10ms 3.0MB 2467ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 206ms 2.2ms 3.0MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 539ms 2.5ms 3.4MB 407ms 113ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 727ms 0.8ms 14.7MB 597ms 120ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 1908ms 7.1ms 88.3MB 1867ms 23ms pypy 3.10.14
python 5-m.py 2493ms 42ms 12.5MB 3617ms 1003ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 2816ms 14ms 64.9MB 3960ms 837ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 3005ms 19ms 8.1MB 2993ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 3408ms 32ms 13.8MB 4537ms 1013ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 4612ms 106ms 8.8MB 4597ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 59ms 1.6ms 3.4MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 77ms 1.6ms 4.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 253ms 2.4ms 63.6MB 230ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 314ms 3.5ms 8.1MB 303ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 317ms 4.6ms 12.4MB 413ms 143ms pyston 3.8.12
python 5-m.py 406ms 4.6ms 13.9MB 493ms 137ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 472ms 7.6ms 8.8MB 457ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 5-m.py 544ms 10ms 64.9MB 807ms 310ms pypy 3.10.14

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 11ms 0.9ms 7.6MB 10ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 14ms 1.1ms 8.5MB 0ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 29ms 1.0ms 51.0MB 10ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2213ms 195ms 186.4MB 290ms 500ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 2272ms 127ms 33.5MB 1563ms 1653ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py 2302ms 178ms 36.3MB 1130ms 1547ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 4585ms 82ms 106.7MB 2800ms 1187ms pypy 3.10.14

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1088ms 1.2ms 30.7MB 223ms 283ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1199ms 99ms 28.6MB 293ms 300ms cpython 3.13.0
crystal 1.cr 1222ms 100ms 53.8MB 27ms 83ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 1518ms 319ms 88.3MB 687ms 227ms pypy 3.10.14

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 65ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 53ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 2.py 145ms 2.6ms 58.0MB 117ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 182ms 3.8ms 59.6MB 143ms 23ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 718ms 9.3ms 8.9MB 707ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 835ms 13ms 8.5MB 817ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1128ms 15ms 9.4MB 1110ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py 1311ms 25ms 9.1MB 1300ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 100ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 183ms 1.6ms 3.1MB 170ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 2.py 341ms 8.9ms 58.9MB 317ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 373ms 0.1ms 60.4MB 357ms 0ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 2137ms 24ms 8.9MB 2123ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 2471ms 28ms 8.5MB 2453ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3296ms 12ms 9.4MB 3280ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py 3856ms 36ms 9.1MB 3843ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.0ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 2.py 104ms 1.1ms 57.8MB 77ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 121ms 3.3ms 58.5MB 93ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 346ms 5.2ms 8.5MB 333ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 390ms 6.1ms 8.1MB 377ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 539ms 9.9ms 9.1MB 523ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py 635ms 25ms 8.8MB 623ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 314ms 1.8ms 9.2MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.3ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 804ms 11ms 81.7MB 773ms 13ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 2242ms 21ms 210.2MB 2127ms 100ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 93.9MB 4953ms 27ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 130.4MB 4943ms 40ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 160ms 0.7ms 22.4MB 140ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 386ms 1.5ms 103.6MB 317ms 50ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 2958ms 51ms 37.1MB 2937ms 7ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 48.9MB 4943ms 40ms pyston 3.8.12

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 342ms 2.6ms 3.4MB 327ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.4MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 2.py 1351ms 7.9ms 59.8MB 1323ms 17ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 2634ms 23ms 56.6MB 2610ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 4987ms 3ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4987ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.1MB 4987ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 0.2ms 3.4MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 39ms 0.3ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 2.py 176ms 1.4ms 57.6MB 147ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 301ms 4.2ms 56.6MB 273ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 926ms 8.6ms 8.3MB 910ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1297ms 12ms 8.1MB 1280ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3025ms 45ms 8.8MB 3007ms 3ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py 3179ms 124ms 8.8MB 3167ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 351ms 1.7ms 8.4MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 373ms 4.3ms 43.0MB 357ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 2508ms 22ms 369.0MB 2427ms 63ms pypy 3.10.14
python 2.py 2995ms 49ms 632.9MB 2827ms 153ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 4841ms 38ms 320.4MB 4780ms 47ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 321.3MB 4953ms 27ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 633.6MB 4820ms 160ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 959.3MB 4683ms 300ms pypy 3.10.14

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 79ms 1.1ms 13.3MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 87ms 1.7ms 4.6MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 1.py 539ms 11ms 134.6MB 497ms 27ms pypy 3.10.14
python 2.py 720ms 4.3ms 164.2MB 673ms 30ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1102ms 6.4ms 86.0MB 1077ms 10ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1394ms 3.2ms 164.9MB 1350ms 27ms cpython 3.13.0
python 2.py 1533ms 15ms 289.7MB 1447ms 70ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 2681ms 12ms 86.9MB 2650ms 10ms cpython 3.13.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 4.py 1902ms 3.9ms 9.0MB 1867ms 20ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 1960ms 11ms 9.4MB 1907ms 37ms cpython 3.13.0
crystal 1.cr 2001ms 13ms 6.4MB 1953ms 30ms crystal 1.14.0
python 4.py 2130ms 10ms 89.1MB 2090ms 23ms pypy 3.10.14

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 451ms 17ms 5.2MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 4.py 451ms 6.4ms 8.6MB 440ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 464ms 1.8ms 9.1MB 450ms 0ms cpython 3.13.0
python 4.py 546ms 9.4ms 83.5MB 503ms 30ms pypy 3.10.14

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3898ms 25ms 4.6MB 3887ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 16.8MB 43ms 10ms cpython 3.13.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 100.4MB 843ms 157ms pypy 3.10.14
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 18.3MB 67ms 20ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 981ms 2.7ms 4.5MB 967ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 16.4MB 110ms 20ms cpython 3.13.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 97.6MB 1480ms 487ms pypy 3.10.14
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 17.5MB 137ms 43ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 251ms 3.2ms 4.0MB 240ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
python 8-m.py 1978ms 11ms 94.6MB 6323ms 333ms pypy 3.10.14
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 14.1MB 243ms 43ms cpython 3.13.0
python 8.py timeout 0.0ms 17.2MB 390ms 117ms pyston 3.8.12