Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS D benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Feb 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1363ms 1.9ms 64.6MB 1337ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 1779ms 2.9ms 312.5MB 1747ms 33ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 2563ms 15ms 314.0MB 2717ms 53ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 0.1ms 11.4MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 163ms 0.8ms 208.7MB 133ms 13ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 224ms 4.1ms 210.7MB 193ms 13ms dmd 2.106.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1546ms 60ms 20.6MB 1490ms 40ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.5MB 4960ms 23ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.5MB 4967ms 20ms ldc2 1.36.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 82ms 3.7ms 7.6MB 60ms 13ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 1000ms 15ms 8.4MB 987ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1350ms 2.3ms 10.5MB 1327ms 13ms dmd 2.106.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 60ms 1.4ms 7.0MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 2528ms 1.4ms 8.0MB 2513ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 2873ms 6.8ms 10.0MB 2863ms 3ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.1ms 5.6MB 10ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 438ms 1.2ms 8.1MB 427ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 523ms 0.9ms 10.0MB 520ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 377ms 1.3ms 5.1MB 1410ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2-im.d 1098ms 3.6ms 5.1MB 4300ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1-i.d 1487ms 3.8ms 2.9MB 1477ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 1.cr 2458ms 1.6ms 3.3MB 2450ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 3201ms 46ms 2.8MB 3190ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2-i.d 3209ms 2.9ms 2.9MB 3197ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 3516ms 4.8ms 4.5MB 3507ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1-im.d 4227ms 21ms 6.7MB 16463ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.4MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.4MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 8.7MB 19663ms 10ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 39ms 1.4ms 5.2MB 107ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2-im.d 96ms 1.8ms 6.9MB 343ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1-i.d 124ms 0.1ms 2.8MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 1.cr 205ms 0.9ms 3.1MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2-i.d 265ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 250ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 267ms 3.3ms 2.8MB 253ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 296ms 1.6ms 4.5MB 290ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1-im.d 367ms 18ms 8.7MB 1340ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2-im.d 526ms 7.6ms 8.6MB 2000ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1-i.d 858ms 2.1ms 4.6MB 847ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2-i.d 1373ms 13ms 4.4MB 1357ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 194ms 1.3ms 33.3MB 177ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 2.cr 530ms 2.1ms 3.8MB 430ms 83ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 612ms 2.2ms 38.6MB 590ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 695ms 1.7ms 14.9MB 580ms 100ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 25ms 1.1ms 10.3MB 20ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 2.cr 57ms 1.0ms 3.6MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 65ms 0.2ms 12.3MB 57ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 74ms 1.2ms 4.8MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.7ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 1.cr 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 2.2ms 0.1ms 4.9MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2-m.d 3.4ms 5.9ms 18.5MB 405ms 710ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1030ms 1.0ms 18.3MB 393ms 690ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 1032ms 3.0ms 25.3MB 553ms 677ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1.d 1036ms 0.9ms 22.0MB 533ms 700ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 3454ms 121ms 214.8MB 293ms 433ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1009ms 0.3ms 22.3MB 50ms 140ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1012ms 2.4ms 25.3MB 80ms 133ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2.d 1012ms 2.6ms 20.6MB 63ms 130ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 1014ms 3.0ms 23.4MB 77ms 130ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 1157ms 109ms 53.9MB 27ms 77ms crystal 1.11.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 38ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 67ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 130ms 1.5ms 5.8MB 120ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 175ms 2.6ms 7.8MB 160ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 106ms 1.1ms 3.3MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 188ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 373ms 2.0ms 4.1MB 360ms 13ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 508ms 1.6ms 7.8MB 497ms 10ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 20ms 1.2ms 3.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 35ms 1.1ms 3.1MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 57ms 1.4ms 5.8MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 81ms 0.6ms 7.8MB 77ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 322ms 1.3ms 7.4MB 310ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 1.cr 373ms 1.3ms 9.5MB 360ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 2117ms 11ms 9.0MB 2103ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 16ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
crystal 1.cr 20ms 0.3ms 6.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 97ms 11ms 4.4MB 87ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 928ms 8.2ms 64.6MB 903ms 7ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 976ms 4.9ms 312.5MB 930ms 43ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1649ms 16ms 314.4MB 1770ms 37ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 171ms 2.6ms 17.6MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 205ms 2.4ms 312.7MB 163ms 27ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 322ms 2.9ms 314.4MB 293ms 17ms dmd 2.106.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 342ms 0.8ms 3.5MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 2.cr 348ms 10ms 3.5MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2.d 359ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 361ms 0.8ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 673ms 1.2ms 4.4MB 660ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2.d 2011ms 6.9ms 4.5MB 2000ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.5ms 3.5MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 39ms 1.2ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 39ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 39ms 0.4ms 2.9MB 27ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 71ms 1.0ms 4.5MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2.d 206ms 3.5ms 4.4MB 193ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 315ms 1.5ms 43.8MB 300ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 340ms 4.4ms 77.1MB 320ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 380ms 2.1ms 42.7MB 363ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 2.cr 381ms 2.1ms 8.4MB 370ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2.d 812ms 0.6ms 47.7MB 787ms 10ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 1117ms 1.8ms 49.3MB 1093ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 65ms 0.3ms 13.8MB 53ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 73ms 2.1ms 23.8MB 63ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 80ms 1.2ms 13.3MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 2.cr 93ms 0.9ms 4.8MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2.d 202ms 0.7ms 15.7MB 183ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 280ms 1.1ms 17.4MB 267ms 3ms dmd 2.106.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1944ms 14ms 6.5MB 1910ms 17ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 2398ms 6.8ms 8.1MB 2340ms 393ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 4263ms 7.9ms 10.1MB 4213ms 427ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 452ms 10ms 5.4MB 437ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 578ms 1.2ms 8.0MB 550ms 97ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1015ms 2.9ms 10.0MB 1003ms 87ms dmd 2.106.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3582ms 3.5ms 3.9MB 3567ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 3609ms 12ms 5.8MB 3600ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 3743ms 15ms 4.8MB 3727ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 897ms 1.0ms 3.5MB 880ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 907ms 1.8ms 5.3MB 900ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 945ms 4.4ms 4.4MB 933ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 229ms 0.4ms 3.1MB 217ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 232ms 2.4ms 5.0MB 223ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
crystal 1.cr 238ms 0.1ms 4.1MB 227ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2