Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS D benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1231ms 8.3ms 64.2MB 1203ms 10ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 2187ms 1.9ms 312.5MB 2160ms 33ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 3000ms 18ms 314.1MB 3163ms 50ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 1.6ms 11.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 205ms 3.2ms 207.9MB 180ms 13ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 262ms 1.9ms 209.7MB 237ms 10ms dmd 2.111.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1489ms 15ms 19.9MB 1420ms 57ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.5MB 4970ms 17ms dmd 2.111.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 17.5MB 4963ms 27ms ldc2 1.41.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 82ms 4.6ms 7.1MB 57ms 10ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 1058ms 5.4ms 10.2MB 1033ms 10ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 1373ms 11ms 12.5MB 1350ms 10ms dmd 2.111.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 57ms 1.8ms 6.5MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 2555ms 1.6ms 8.1MB 2543ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 2870ms 7.3ms 10.4MB 2860ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.7ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 443ms 3.2ms 8.1MB 430ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 517ms 0.4ms 10.5MB 510ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 374ms 6.5ms 3.0MB 1420ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2-im.d 1109ms 4.2ms 3.0MB 4320ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1-i.d 1489ms 0.4ms 2.9MB 1480ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 1.cr 2510ms 4.1ms 2.9MB 2497ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 3152ms 15ms 2.9MB 3140ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2-i.d 3224ms 2.6ms 2.9MB 3213ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 3538ms 5.1ms 4.6MB 3527ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 1-im.d 4488ms 40ms 4.9MB 17597ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.6MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.6MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 4.9MB 19753ms 7ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 36ms 1.2ms 3.1MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2-im.d 97ms 2.1ms 3.0MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1-i.d 124ms 0.3ms 2.9MB 120ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 1.cr 207ms 2.7ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 261ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 250ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2-i.d 266ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 260ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 297ms 2.2ms 4.6MB 287ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 1-im.d 376ms 0.8ms 4.8MB 1433ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 2-im.d 525ms 3.2ms 5.1MB 2010ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 1-i.d 880ms 8.2ms 4.6MB 870ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 2-i.d 1375ms 1.1ms 4.6MB 1363ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 112ms 2.7ms 2.9MB 103ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 2.cr 540ms 2.0ms 3.6MB 450ms 77ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 641ms 1.0ms 4.6MB 630ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 681ms 2.0ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 14ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 67ms 0.8ms 4.8MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 72ms 0.8ms 4.4MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.17.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.6ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 2.0ms 0.2ms 5.1MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1962ms 442ms 300.0MB 300ms 437ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1239ms 102ms 53.0MB 27ms 77ms crystal 1.17.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 70ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 130ms 1.7ms 6.1MB 120ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 176ms 2.3ms 8.1MB 163ms 7ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 105ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 201ms 2.2ms 3.0MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 380ms 0.5ms 5.9MB 370ms 10ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 510ms 2.8ms 8.2MB 500ms 10ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 33ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 57ms 1.3ms 5.9MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 79ms 0.2ms 7.9MB 70ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 314ms 1.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 367ms 0.6ms 7.5MB 357ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 2107ms 12ms 9.4MB 2097ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.1ms 5.8MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 17ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 91ms 2.3ms 4.6MB 83ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 838ms 12ms 64.2MB 820ms 7ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 1093ms 13ms 312.6MB 1057ms 37ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 1863ms 29ms 314.3MB 1990ms 47ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 177ms 4.2ms 22.3MB 160ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 227ms 2.7ms 312.5MB 193ms 20ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 359ms 1.1ms 315.0MB 323ms 27ms dmd 2.111.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 345ms 2.9ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 346ms 3.1ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 361ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2.d 361ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 683ms 2.2ms 4.8MB 673ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 2.d 2033ms 7.1ms 4.8MB 2023ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 2.d 39ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 39ms 0.3ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 1.cr 39ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 71ms 1.1ms 4.8MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
d 2.d 208ms 2.9ms 4.8MB 200ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 301ms 3.1ms 8.3MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 303ms 7.2ms 43.5MB 287ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 345ms 5.5ms 79.3MB 327ms 3ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 420ms 4.6ms 43.0MB 403ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 2.d 846ms 5.3ms 47.7MB 827ms 7ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2.d 1170ms 7.1ms 51.6MB 1150ms 7ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 64ms 2.7ms 15.7MB 53ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
crystal 2.cr 74ms 0.2ms 4.5MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 75ms 1.7ms 25.5MB 67ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 89ms 0.6ms 13.2MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 2.d 210ms 2.0ms 17.7MB 200ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 2.d 295ms 1.1ms 19.7MB 280ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1960ms 30ms 6.3MB 1927ms 17ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 2445ms 17ms 8.1MB 2407ms 423ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 4429ms 2.9ms 10.5MB 4383ms 463ms dmd 2.111.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 438ms 11ms 5.0MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
d 1.d 582ms 3.3ms 8.2MB 557ms 110ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 1056ms 3.2ms 10.4MB 1033ms 110ms dmd 2.111.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3597ms 3.2ms 6.2MB 3587ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 3655ms 25ms 8.4MB 3643ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 3758ms 11ms 4.5MB 3750ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 901ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 890ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 921ms 9.3ms 5.3MB 910ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 941ms 1.2ms 4.5MB 930ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 228ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 220ms 0ms ldc2 1.41.0
d 1.d 233ms 1.9ms 7.2MB 220ms 0ms dmd 2.111.0
crystal 1.cr 242ms 3.7ms 3.9MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0