Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Rust benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Jul 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1302ms 4.1ms 64.2MB 1273ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 1316ms 18ms 33.6MB 1293ms 10ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5.rs 1480ms 41ms 33.8MB 1457ms 7ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3.rs 1534ms 41ms 49.8MB 1507ms 17ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 109ms 2.8ms 11.0MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 123ms 1.4ms 5.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5.rs 126ms 1.2ms 5.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3.rs 135ms 4.9ms 7.8MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 527ms 34ms 9.1MB 1957ms 63ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5-m.rs 700ms 11ms 5.5MB 2660ms 70ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-m.rs 942ms 2.5ms 7.1MB 3490ms 197ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3.rs 1155ms 7.3ms 9.3MB 1120ms 20ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 1515ms 15ms 19.9MB 1450ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 1957ms 2.4ms 6.9MB 1940ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 54ms 2.3ms 3.1MB 160ms 10ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3-m.rs 58ms 4.8ms 4.1MB 180ms 10ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-m.rs 72ms 0.4ms 3.5MB 233ms 20ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3.rs 74ms 3.7ms 4.0MB 63ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 86ms 1.0ms 7.1MB 60ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 119ms 2.9ms 3.1MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 0.7ms 7.5MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 121ms 1.6ms 3.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2.rs 425ms 1.3ms 3.6MB 413ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.3ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 34ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2.rs 78ms 1.8ms 3.0MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 411ms 5.2ms 2.0MB 1570ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5-m.rs 551ms 4.1ms 2.0MB 2133ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-im.rs 672ms 14ms 2.1MB 2573ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-m.rs 940ms 12ms 2.0MB 3637ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3-i.rs 1508ms 1.0ms 1.9MB 1500ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-i.rs 2416ms 18ms 1.8MB 2407ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 2487ms 23ms 2.9MB 2473ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 2785ms 14ms 1.8MB 2773ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5-m.rs 53ms 0.8ms 2.1MB 170ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-im.rs 62ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 203ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-m.rs 84ms 1.5ms 2.1MB 290ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3-i.rs 126ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-i.rs 198ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 205ms 3.6ms 2.9MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 229ms 3.3ms 1.8MB 223ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 6.rs 88ms 1.4ms 1.9MB 80ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5c-m.rs 90ms 0.0ms 3.4MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5-m.rs 93ms 0.3ms 3.2MB 287ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1c.rs 163ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 153ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 196ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 187ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.4ms 3.5MB 450ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 3.2ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 6.rs 12ms 1.3ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5-m.rs 16ms 0.4ms 3.2MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 5c-m.rs 17ms 0.2ms 3.2MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1c.rs 18ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 22ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 13ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 2.cr 58ms 1.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 72ms 0.7ms 4.9MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.0ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2-http2.rs 251ms 18ms 47.9MB 490ms 320ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-m.rs 292ms 11ms 80.0MB 183ms 480ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-m.rs 367ms 69ms 70.6MB 230ms 817ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-http2.rs 575ms 112ms 62.5MB 1397ms 657ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 3132ms 646ms 240.8MB 317ms 443ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 45ms 3.8ms 15.1MB 17ms 63ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-m.rs 77ms 8.3ms 21.0MB 40ms 160ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1-http2.rs 166ms 59ms 25.4MB 380ms 173ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-http2.rs 187ms 53ms 26.0MB 477ms 163ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 1178ms 104ms 53.1MB 30ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 0-unsafe.rs 36ms 6.0ms 1.8MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 50ms 10ms 1.9MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.5ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 102ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 0-unsafe.rs 145ms 6.3ms 1.8MB 137ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 189ms 6.6ms 3.0MB 177ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 212ms 32ms 1.9MB 203ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 0-unsafe.rs 24ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.5ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 30ms 0.9ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 246ms 0.4ms 4.8MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 293ms 0.9ms 4.8MB 283ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 315ms 1.4ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 12ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 15ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.4ms 6.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 720ms 21ms 33.8MB 697ms 10ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 867ms 21ms 64.2MB 843ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 154ms 3.2ms 9.8MB 143ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 174ms 3.9ms 22.3MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 164ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 160ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 7-i.rs 219ms 1.1ms 1.8MB 210ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 229ms 0.5ms 1.8MB 220ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3.rs 279ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 279ms 0.5ms 1.6MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 2.cr 342ms 2.4ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 350ms 6.8ms 3.4MB 343ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 18ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 7-i.rs 24ms 0.5ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 25ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2.rs 30ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 3.rs 30ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.2ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 304ms 3.2ms 6.6MB 293ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 1.rs 327ms 7.2ms 40.9MB 313ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 2.cr 348ms 2.9ms 8.3MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 422ms 6.9ms 43.0MB 413ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 59ms 2.3ms 11.6MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2.rs 78ms 1.2ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 2.cr 87ms 1.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 90ms 3.2ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1528ms 7.9ms 2.7MB 1313ms 197ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2.rs 1722ms 8.2ms 2.7MB 1643ms 67ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 1981ms 59ms 6.2MB 1957ms 13ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 321ms 2.4ms 2.4MB 297ms 10ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2.rs 385ms 5.8ms 2.4MB 373ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 456ms 13ms 5.0MB 440ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 493ms 0.8ms 2.5MB 1907ms 3ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 493ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 1910ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 8.rs 994ms 2.7ms 2.4MB 983ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 1927ms 5.1ms 1.9MB 1917ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-m.rs 2073ms 4.7ms 2.4MB 8130ms 10ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 3763ms 15ms 4.6MB 3753ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 2.rs 4274ms 5.2ms 2.0MB 4267ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 127ms 0.4ms 2.3MB 467ms 3ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 128ms 0.8ms 2.3MB 467ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 8.rs 251ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 491ms 1.9ms 1.8MB 480ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-m.rs 521ms 0.5ms 2.1MB 2023ms 3ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 946ms 8.1ms 4.4MB 933ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 2.rs 1070ms 2.2ms 1.9MB 1060ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 36ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 110ms 3ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 36ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 8.rs 65ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.90.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 125ms 1.8ms 1.8MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
rust 2-m.rs 134ms 0.5ms 2.1MB 497ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0
crystal 1.cr 244ms 2.8ms 3.9MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 2.rs 270ms 1.5ms 1.9MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0