Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Acton benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Jul 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1302ms 4.1ms 64.2MB 1273ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.0MB 5903ms 87ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 109ms 2.8ms 11.0MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 825ms 24ms 12.1MB 950ms 73ms actonc 0.26.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1515ms 15ms 19.9MB 1450ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 86ms 1.0ms 7.1MB 60ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 0.7ms 7.5MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 227ms 8.3ms 8.0MB 210ms 30ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.3ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 84ms 19ms 5.9MB 70ms 10ms actonc 0.26.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2487ms 23ms 2.9MB 2473ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 205ms 3.6ms 2.9MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.4ms 3.5MB 450ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 3.2ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 58ms 1.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 72ms 0.7ms 4.9MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 3.5ms 0.3ms 4.3MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.26.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3132ms 646ms 240.8MB 317ms 443ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1178ms 104ms 53.1MB 30ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.5ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 102ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 189ms 6.6ms 3.0MB 177ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.5ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 315ms 1.4ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.4ms 6.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 867ms 21ms 64.2MB 843ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 3298ms 25ms 84.6MB 3703ms 53ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 174ms 3.9ms 22.3MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 725ms 34ms 23.8MB 793ms 33ms actonc 0.26.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 342ms 2.4ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 350ms 6.8ms 3.4MB 343ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.2ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 348ms 2.9ms 8.3MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 422ms 6.9ms 43.0MB 413ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 560.9MB 6637ms 83ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 87ms 1.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 90ms 3.2ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1.act 2432ms 20ms 192.5MB 2923ms 63ms actonc 0.26.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1981ms 59ms 6.2MB 1957ms 13ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1-m.act 3388ms 212ms 6.8MB 3370ms 2387ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 456ms 13ms 5.0MB 440ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
acton 1-m.act 948ms 42ms 6.1MB 900ms 703ms actonc 0.26.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3763ms 15ms 4.6MB 3753ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 946ms 8.1ms 4.4MB 933ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 244ms 2.8ms 3.9MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3