Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Rust benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4.rs 1281ms 3.7ms 33.6MB 1260ms 10ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 30ms 64.2MB 1257ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 5.rs 1360ms 12ms 33.8MB 1337ms 7ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3.rs 1485ms 57ms 49.8MB 1453ms 17ms rustc 1.87.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 109ms 0.7ms 11.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 124ms 2.4ms 5.8MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5.rs 127ms 3.7ms 5.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3.rs 138ms 7.0ms 7.8MB 127ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 529ms 9.1ms 9.1MB 2003ms 57ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5-m.rs 548ms 114ms 5.5MB 2063ms 63ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1-m.rs 918ms 4.0ms 7.4MB 3403ms 190ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3.rs 1104ms 13ms 9.3MB 1063ms 27ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 1505ms 22ms 19.9MB 1440ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 1879ms 5.7ms 6.9MB 1863ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 52ms 1.9ms 3.3MB 163ms 7ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3-m.rs 59ms 3.2ms 4.4MB 187ms 10ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3.rs 67ms 0.4ms 4.0MB 57ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1-m.rs 71ms 0.4ms 3.5MB 223ms 20ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 85ms 1.6ms 7.1MB 63ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 4.rs 118ms 4.8ms 3.1MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 1.4ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 121ms 2.3ms 3.6MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2.rs 427ms 1.5ms 3.6MB 417ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.5ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 34ms 1.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2.rs 76ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 412ms 1.0ms 2.1MB 1587ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5-m.rs 558ms 5.3ms 2.1MB 2150ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-im.rs 666ms 4.7ms 2.0MB 2570ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1-m.rs 959ms 43ms 2.1MB 3667ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3-i.rs 1498ms 0.7ms 1.8MB 1490ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-i.rs 2345ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 2337ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 2481ms 9.0ms 2.9MB 2470ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 2722ms 8.7ms 1.8MB 2713ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5-m.rs 52ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 170ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-im.rs 61ms 2.1ms 2.1MB 207ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1-m.rs 82ms 1.9ms 2.1MB 290ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3-i.rs 125ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-i.rs 193ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 183ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 213ms 7.6ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 225ms 2.5ms 1.8MB 217ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 89ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 6.rs 89ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 80ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5-m.rs 94ms 0.8ms 3.2MB 293ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1c.rs 162ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 150ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 196ms 1.0ms 1.9MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.1ms 3.5MB 447ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 1.3ms 14.6MB 573ms 93ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 6.rs 12ms 1.2ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5c-m.rs 16ms 0.5ms 3.2MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 5-m.rs 17ms 0.5ms 3.2MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1c.rs 19ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 22ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.7ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 73ms 0.9ms 4.9MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.0ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 265ms 55ms 79.6MB 150ms 480ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-http2.rs 318ms 19ms 55.1MB 703ms 357ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-m.rs 354ms 23ms 73.1MB 230ms 823ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1-http2.rs 536ms 57ms 70.0MB 1193ms 697ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 2297ms 153ms 300.0MB 313ms 450ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 40ms 9.1ms 17.4MB 20ms 53ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-m.rs 79ms 2.2ms 22.6MB 33ms 163ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-http2.rs 193ms 32ms 25.0MB 483ms 170ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1-http2.rs 268ms 9.1ms 24.9MB 757ms 200ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 15ms 53.0MB 33ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 35ms 5.1ms 1.9MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 1.rs 49ms 4.1ms 1.9MB 43ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 2.3ms 3.0MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 0-unsafe.rs 143ms 28ms 1.8MB 133ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 175ms 13ms 1.9MB 167ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 186ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 0-unsafe.rs 24ms 2.0ms 1.8MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 29ms 0.5ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 256ms 17ms 4.8MB 250ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 293ms 1.7ms 4.9MB 283ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 316ms 2.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 12ms 0.5ms 2.0MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 14ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.6ms 6.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 708ms 3.5ms 33.8MB 683ms 10ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 880ms 16ms 64.2MB 857ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 151ms 2.0ms 9.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 173ms 3.0ms 22.2MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 164ms 0.9ms 1.9MB 160ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 7-i.rs 219ms 0.9ms 1.8MB 210ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 230ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 220ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3.rs 279ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 279ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 2.cr 342ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 19ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 7-i.rs 24ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 1.rs 25ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 3.rs 30ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 30ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 317ms 11ms 40.9MB 300ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2.rs 318ms 4.7ms 6.6MB 307ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 2.cr 350ms 2.1ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 432ms 2.5ms 42.9MB 420ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 60ms 1.5ms 11.6MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2.rs 78ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 2.cr 89ms 2.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 92ms 3.7ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1525ms 8.2ms 2.7MB 1313ms 190ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2.rs 1715ms 7.5ms 2.7MB 1627ms 73ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 1928ms 26ms 6.3MB 1897ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 326ms 2.2ms 2.4MB 303ms 7ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2.rs 382ms 2.7ms 2.4MB 370ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 447ms 9.3ms 4.9MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 492ms 0.0ms 2.1MB 1907ms 7ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 8-m.rs 497ms 4.4ms 2.4MB 1893ms 3ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 991ms 0.5ms 2.3MB 980ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 1957ms 10ms 1.9MB 1947ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-m.rs 2070ms 0.9ms 2.3MB 8153ms 7ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 3760ms 10ms 4.5MB 3747ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 2.rs 4266ms 8.9ms 2.1MB 4257ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 128ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 470ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 8-m.rs 128ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 470ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 250ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 495ms 6.2ms 1.8MB 487ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-m.rs 521ms 0.3ms 2.1MB 2020ms 3ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 949ms 7.6ms 4.4MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 2.rs 1067ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 1060ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 36ms 0.5ms 2.3MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 36ms 0.5ms 2.0MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 8.rs 65ms 0.5ms 2.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.89.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 125ms 1.2ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
rust 2-m.rs 134ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 490ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0
crystal 1.cr 241ms 5.4ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
rust 2.rs 269ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0