Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Rust benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Wed Jan 22 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4.rs 1246ms 3.8ms 33.8MB 1220ms 13ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 1316ms 80ms 64.1MB 1290ms 10ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 5.rs 1349ms 11ms 33.8MB 1327ms 7ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3.rs 1475ms 58ms 49.8MB 1443ms 17ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 110ms 9.3ms 10.9MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 4.rs 122ms 1.4ms 5.8MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 5.rs 124ms 0.7ms 5.8MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3.rs 139ms 4.3ms 7.8MB 123ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 559ms 73ms 7.5MB 2073ms 83ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3-m.rs 564ms 15ms 11.2MB 2110ms 70ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1-m.rs 975ms 19ms 10.4MB 3477ms 337ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3.rs 1152ms 6.3ms 9.3MB 1097ms 40ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 1367ms 11ms 19.8MB 1300ms 50ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 4.rs 1894ms 14ms 7.5MB 1883ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 51ms 0.7ms 5.4MB 150ms 10ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3-m.rs 54ms 2.8ms 6.0MB 153ms 17ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3.rs 72ms 1.9ms 4.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 76ms 1.4ms 7.1MB 57ms 7ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1-m.rs 81ms 8.9ms 5.8MB 230ms 60ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 4.rs 115ms 0.8ms 3.4MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 62ms 1.9ms 6.4MB 43ms 3ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1.rs 118ms 0.7ms 3.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 423ms 4.0ms 3.6MB 417ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.6ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1.rs 33ms 1.4ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 77ms 2.1ms 3.0MB 63ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 411ms 1.6ms 4.0MB 1577ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 5-m.rs 566ms 8.3ms 4.0MB 2153ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-im.rs 629ms 8.2ms 4.0MB 2403ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1-m.rs 967ms 7.9ms 4.0MB 3727ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3-i.rs 1495ms 5.0ms 1.9MB 1483ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-i.rs 1759ms 3.0ms 1.8MB 1750ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 2495ms 6.5ms 2.8MB 2483ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1.rs 2665ms 2.5ms 1.8MB 2657ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.2ms 6.0MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 5-m.rs 56ms 3.5ms 4.0MB 170ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-im.rs 62ms 0.9ms 6.0MB 200ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1-m.rs 86ms 1.8ms 6.0MB 300ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3-i.rs 126ms 1.4ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-i.rs 149ms 0.9ms 1.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 205ms 1.5ms 2.8MB 193ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1.rs 224ms 1.9ms 1.8MB 210ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 88ms 0.2ms 6.5MB 233ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 5-m.rs 98ms 2.1ms 4.8MB 310ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1c.rs 163ms 1.0ms 1.9MB 153ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 204ms 1.5ms 1.9MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 2.cr 573ms 3.5ms 3.5MB 450ms 107ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 720ms 0.6ms 14.6MB 573ms 127ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 16ms 0.2ms 4.8MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 5-m.rs 17ms 0.4ms 6.5MB 20ms 7ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1c.rs 19ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 23ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 2.cr 61ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 43ms 7ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 76ms 0.8ms 4.9MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.15.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.0ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 1.3ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2-http2.rs 331ms 18ms 64.9MB 513ms 413ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 346ms 28ms 43.3MB 143ms 310ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-m.rs 400ms 23ms 75.0MB 177ms 867ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1-http2.rs 476ms 91ms 60.4MB 740ms 623ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 2547ms 222ms 197.7MB 403ms 490ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 70ms 8.0ms 16.8MB 7ms 80ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-m.rs 112ms 6.5ms 30.4MB 47ms 163ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2-http2.rs 160ms 41ms 30.9MB 250ms 160ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1-http2.rs 239ms 34ms 31.5MB 543ms 177ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 1102ms 0.9ms 36.6MB 47ms 77ms crystal 1.15.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 35ms 3.7ms 1.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1.rs 53ms 2.6ms 2.0MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.7ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 0-unsafe.rs 134ms 22ms 1.9MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 178ms 9.4ms 2.0MB 167ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 184ms 2.6ms 2.9MB 170ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 0-unsafe.rs 24ms 0.4ms 1.9MB 13ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 30ms 1.8ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.5ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 248ms 0.6ms 4.9MB 237ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 314ms 3.9ms 9.2MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 8.rs 324ms 31ms 4.9MB 313ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 13ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 15ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.3ms 5.8MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 694ms 5.4ms 33.8MB 673ms 7ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 860ms 29ms 64.1MB 830ms 10ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 151ms 3.7ms 9.8MB 137ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 178ms 4.4ms 22.0MB 160ms 3ms crystal 1.15.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 167ms 7.9ms 1.9MB 153ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 7-i.rs 236ms 0.8ms 1.9MB 227ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 239ms 0.8ms 1.8MB 230ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 279ms 1.1ms 1.8MB 267ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3.rs 280ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 267ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 342ms 2.4ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 2.cr 342ms 1.6ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 21ms 3.7ms 1.8MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 7-i.rs 26ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 1.rs 26ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 30ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 3.rs 30ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 299ms 3.7ms 8.2MB 287ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 1.rs 313ms 4.9ms 40.9MB 293ms 7ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 319ms 1.7ms 6.6MB 307ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 419ms 1.3ms 42.8MB 403ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 59ms 1.3ms 11.6MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 2.cr 75ms 1.4ms 4.4MB 67ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 2.rs 80ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 89ms 2.6ms 13.0MB 77ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1530ms 9.8ms 2.7MB 1270ms 237ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 1713ms 10ms 2.8MB 1610ms 90ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 1907ms 10ms 6.2MB 1877ms 13ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 323ms 2.8ms 2.4MB 287ms 17ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 2.rs 380ms 2.1ms 2.5MB 370ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 449ms 18ms 5.1MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 498ms 0.6ms 4.6MB 1907ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 499ms 0.2ms 4.2MB 1927ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 8.rs 1010ms 1.5ms 2.4MB 1000ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 1942ms 1.3ms 6.2MB 7613ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 7.rs 2082ms 9.0ms 2.0MB 2070ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 3801ms 27ms 4.4MB 3787ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 2.rs 4212ms 29ms 2.0MB 4203ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 128ms 0.3ms 4.2MB 463ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 128ms 0.3ms 6.1MB 470ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 8.rs 255ms 0.7ms 2.3MB 250ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 491ms 0.2ms 4.1MB 1880ms 7ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 7.rs 525ms 4.8ms 1.9MB 517ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 955ms 2.5ms 4.3MB 943ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 2.rs 1050ms 2.4ms 2.0MB 1037ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 36ms 0.4ms 4.1MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 36ms 0.4ms 4.1MB 103ms 7ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 8.rs 66ms 0.8ms 2.0MB 57ms 0ms rustc 1.86.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 127ms 0.2ms 4.1MB 460ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0
rust 7.rs 134ms 2.4ms 1.9MB 127ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0
crystal 1.cr 245ms 2.9ms 3.8MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
rust 2.rs 265ms 1.3ms 2.0MB 253ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0