Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS Rust benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Mar 29 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1256ms 14ms 64.0MB 1233ms 7ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 4.rs 1269ms 5.9ms 33.6MB 1247ms 7ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5.rs 1360ms 8.5ms 33.8MB 1333ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 1472ms 50ms 49.8MB 1440ms 17ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 3.0ms 10.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 4.rs 120ms 2.2ms 5.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5.rs 126ms 3.7ms 5.8MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 142ms 3.8ms 7.8MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 539ms 51ms 9.3MB 2030ms 63ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 687ms 4.7ms 5.9MB 2610ms 67ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 946ms 2.8ms 8.4MB 3503ms 200ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 1127ms 4.1ms 9.3MB 1080ms 33ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 1216ms 13ms 19.6MB 1143ms 53ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 4.rs 1922ms 19ms 7.4MB 1910ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 54ms 3.9ms 3.5MB 163ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3-m.rs 59ms 5.9ms 4.1MB 183ms 13ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 71ms 1.5ms 7.0MB 43ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1-m.rs 73ms 1.9ms 3.9MB 237ms 17ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 74ms 0.3ms 4.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 4.rs 117ms 2.3ms 3.3MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 0.5ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 122ms 0.5ms 3.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 425ms 2.9ms 3.6MB 413ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.6ms 5.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 34ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 78ms 1.4ms 3.0MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 412ms 3.0ms 2.0MB 1580ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 597ms 46ms 2.0MB 2177ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-im.rs 631ms 4.2ms 2.0MB 2423ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 986ms 25ms 2.1MB 3787ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3-i.rs 1506ms 13ms 1.9MB 1497ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-i.rs 1758ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 1750ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 2498ms 7.0ms 2.8MB 2487ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 2692ms 6.5ms 1.8MB 2683ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 127ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 53ms 1.0ms 2.0MB 173ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-im.rs 60ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 200ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 87ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 307ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3-i.rs 125ms 0.4ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-i.rs 150ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 207ms 2.8ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 227ms 2.5ms 1.8MB 217ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 92ms 2.8ms 3.2MB 263ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 93ms 0.6ms 3.2MB 293ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1c.rs 163ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 150ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 196ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 2.cr 557ms 5.8ms 3.4MB 460ms 77ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 698ms 1.4ms 14.4MB 580ms 107ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 17ms 0.2ms 3.2MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 17ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1c.rs 19ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 22ms 0.6ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 2.cr 59ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 75ms 1.4ms 4.8MB 53ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.0ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 1.3ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2-http2.rs 261ms 77ms 47.4MB 587ms 277ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 286ms 51ms 73.4MB 170ms 473ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-m.rs 379ms 33ms 71.4MB 243ms 883ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-http2.rs 786ms 142ms 69.0MB 2120ms 697ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 2484ms 156ms 256.0MB 320ms 500ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 40ms 2.0ms 14.0MB 20ms 60ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-m.rs 86ms 4.3ms 22.4MB 33ms 177ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-http2.rs 206ms 41ms 23.6MB 503ms 180ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-http2.rs 255ms 49ms 28.0MB 653ms 227ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 1251ms 108ms 59.4MB 30ms 80ms crystal 1.15.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 36ms 2.8ms 1.8MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 52ms 14ms 1.9MB 43ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 66ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 100ms 2.3ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 0-unsafe.rs 137ms 7.5ms 1.9MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 186ms 3.7ms 2.9MB 173ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 189ms 17ms 2.0MB 180ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.8ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 0-unsafe.rs 23ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 32ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 1.rs 33ms 3.2ms 1.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 247ms 0.7ms 4.7MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 310ms 2.1ms 4.7MB 300ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 313ms 0.1ms 9.0MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 13ms 0.6ms 2.0MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 15ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.5ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 717ms 11ms 33.8MB 693ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 847ms 17ms 64.0MB 823ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 151ms 0.9ms 9.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 156ms 3.3ms 22.2MB 140ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 164ms 0.4ms 1.9MB 157ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7-i.rs 239ms 0.8ms 1.8MB 230ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 240ms 0.7ms 1.8MB 230ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 279ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 280ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 2.cr 343ms 2.0ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 345ms 1.8ms 3.1MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 18ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7-i.rs 26ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 26ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 30ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 31ms 0.8ms 1.6MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.2ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 2.cr 39ms 0.8ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 300ms 2.7ms 8.1MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 2.rs 311ms 3.4ms 6.6MB 300ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 351ms 9.0ms 40.9MB 333ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 424ms 4.1ms 42.3MB 413ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 74ms 3.7ms 11.6MB 63ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 2.cr 77ms 0.8ms 4.4MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 2.rs 78ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 94ms 1.2ms 13.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1581ms 20ms 2.8MB 1350ms 213ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 1744ms 14ms 2.7MB 1643ms 83ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 1888ms 51ms 6.2MB 1860ms 13ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 324ms 1.5ms 2.4MB 300ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 388ms 2.8ms 2.4MB 377ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 458ms 11ms 4.9MB 447ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 498ms 6.0ms 2.5MB 1880ms 7ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 504ms 3.9ms 2.3MB 1930ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 993ms 0.8ms 2.4MB 983ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 1969ms 2.9ms 2.1MB 7700ms 13ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7.rs 2108ms 1.5ms 2.0MB 2100ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 3796ms 8.8ms 4.4MB 3783ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 2.rs 4215ms 2.7ms 2.0MB 4207ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 128ms 0.6ms 2.4MB 463ms 3ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 130ms 0.5ms 2.1MB 477ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 251ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 496ms 0.9ms 2.1MB 1913ms 3ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7.rs 531ms 2.6ms 1.9MB 523ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 955ms 4.2ms 4.3MB 943ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 2.rs 1056ms 1.3ms 1.9MB 1050ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 36ms 0.5ms 2.1MB 107ms 3ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8-m.rs 36ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 107ms 3ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 66ms 0.5ms 2.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.87.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 129ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 467ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7.rs 139ms 5.6ms 1.9MB 133ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
crystal 1.cr 243ms 3.1ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
rust 2.rs 266ms 0.4ms 2.0MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1