Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Mar 29 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1256ms 14ms 64.0MB 1233ms 7ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 3.0ms 10.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1216ms 13ms 19.6MB 1143ms 53ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 71ms 1.5ms 7.0MB 43ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 0.5ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.6ms 5.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2498ms 7.0ms 2.8MB 2487ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 207ms 2.8ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 557ms 5.8ms 3.4MB 460ms 77ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 698ms 1.4ms 14.4MB 580ms 107ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 59ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 75ms 1.4ms 4.8MB 53ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 1.0ms 0.1ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 1.c 1.3ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2484ms 156ms 256.0MB 320ms 500ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1251ms 108ms 59.4MB 30ms 80ms crystal 1.15.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 66ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 100ms 2.3ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 186ms 3.7ms 2.9MB 173ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.8ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 32ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 220ms 13ms 7.7MB 827ms 13ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 263ms 0.5ms 6.5MB 810ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 313ms 0.1ms 9.0MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 1-mffi.c 331ms 2.1ms 5.9MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-ffi.c 334ms 0.7ms 5.9MB 327ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-ffi.c 452ms 0.7ms 6.5MB 440ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 543ms 1.7ms 6.5MB 533ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 1.1ms 4.8MB 33ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 16ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1-mffi.c 18ms 1.5ms 3.6MB 43ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.5ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 1-ffi.c 22ms 0.4ms 3.6MB 10ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 26ms 0.9ms 3.6MB 20ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 847ms 17ms 64.0MB 823ms 10ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 156ms 3.3ms 22.2MB 140ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 267ms 1.0ms 1.5MB 260ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 303ms 1.5ms 2.1MB 293ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 309ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 300ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 313ms 0.9ms 2.3MB 303ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 2.c 315ms 1.3ms 1.5MB 307ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 5.c 317ms 1.3ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 317ms 2.2ms 1.5MB 307ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 2.c 318ms 1.5ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 337ms 4.9ms 2.3MB 323ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 2.cr 343ms 2.0ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 345ms 1.8ms 3.1MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 29ms 0.4ms 1.5MB 20ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 32ms 0.4ms 2.1MB 23ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 34ms 0.5ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.9ms 1.5MB 27ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5.c 34ms 0.8ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 35ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 8-i.c 36ms 0.1ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 2.c 37ms 2.3ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.2ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 2.cr 39ms 0.8ms 3.1MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 287ms 2.0ms 40.9MB 270ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 297ms 3.9ms 40.2MB 283ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
crystal 2.cr 300ms 2.7ms 8.1MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
c 1.c 315ms 5.4ms 40.9MB 300ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 424ms 4.1ms 42.3MB 413ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 54ms 0.7ms 11.0MB 40ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.0
c 1.c 56ms 4.6ms 11.6MB 47ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 58ms 7.5ms 11.6MB 47ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 2.cr 77ms 0.8ms 4.4MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1
crystal 1.cr 94ms 1.2ms 13.0MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1888ms 51ms 6.2MB 1860ms 13ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 458ms 11ms 4.9MB 447ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 967ms 9.4ms 2.0MB 3783ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 982ms 12ms 2.0MB 3837ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 1008ms 2.8ms 3.4MB 3950ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1095ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 4303ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 1125ms 1.9ms 3.3MB 4407ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1351ms 16ms 3.4MB 5283ms 10ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1874ms 45ms 3.1MB 7307ms 17ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1977ms 3.1ms 2.0MB 7780ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 3796ms 8.8ms 4.4MB 3783ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 6-im.c 249ms 3.6ms 2.0MB 950ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 254ms 2.6ms 2.0MB 970ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 263ms 2.7ms 3.3MB 1000ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 290ms 14ms 2.0MB 1100ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 292ms 3.6ms 3.1MB 1110ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 343ms 4.7ms 3.3MB 1320ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 472ms 11ms 3.1MB 1810ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 499ms 3.0ms 2.0MB 1940ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 955ms 4.2ms 4.3MB 943ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 4-m.c 71ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 253ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 6-im.c 72ms 0.2ms 3.3MB 250ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 6-im.c 77ms 13ms 2.0MB 263ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 4-m.c 80ms 1.2ms 3.3MB 280ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 81ms 2.6ms 2.0MB 290ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
c 5-im.c 95ms 5.2ms 3.4MB 340ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 123ms 0.8ms 3.4MB 453ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 133ms 4.0ms 2.0MB 497ms 0ms gcc 14.2.0
crystal 1.cr 243ms 3.1ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.15.1