Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1219ms 8.5ms 64.2MB 1200ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 105ms 2.8ms 10.9MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1500ms 42ms 19.9MB 1437ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 81ms 2.1ms 7.1MB 60ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 57ms 0.6ms 6.5MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.4ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2486ms 18ms 2.9MB 2477ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 205ms 2.3ms 2.9MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 536ms 2.9ms 3.5MB 450ms 73ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 678ms 2.3ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 58ms 0.7ms 3.5MB 40ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 73ms 1.4ms 4.9MB 50ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 1.0ms 0.0ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.0ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.0ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2991ms 528ms 240.7MB 293ms 427ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1293ms 19ms 53.3MB 27ms 77ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 35ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.6ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 99ms 1.4ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 191ms 5.3ms 3.0MB 183ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 17ms 0.5ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 224ms 14ms 7.5MB 840ms 13ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 269ms 8.5ms 6.5MB 817ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 1.cr 314ms 0.9ms 9.3MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
c 1-mffi.c 330ms 1.5ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-ffi.c 332ms 2.8ms 6.0MB 323ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-ffi.c 452ms 0.9ms 6.5MB 440ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 543ms 2.3ms 6.6MB 533ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 15ms 0.5ms 4.6MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 16ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-mffi.c 16ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.0ms 5.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
c 1-mffi.c 17ms 2.0ms 3.8MB 43ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1-ffi.c 21ms 0.1ms 3.5MB 10ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 25ms 0.4ms 3.8MB 20ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 828ms 9.1ms 64.2MB 810ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 172ms 4.4ms 22.3MB 160ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 270ms 3.2ms 1.5MB 263ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 303ms 3.1ms 2.1MB 293ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 309ms 1.0ms 2.3MB 300ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 2.c 313ms 2.0ms 1.5MB 303ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 313ms 1.2ms 2.3MB 307ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5.c 315ms 1.6ms 1.5MB 307ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 315ms 1.6ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 322ms 4.3ms 2.1MB 317ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 337ms 1.0ms 2.3MB 330ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 2.cr 343ms 2.0ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 345ms 2.9ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 29ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 20ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 33ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 20ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 33ms 0.3ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 33ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5.c 34ms 0.4ms 1.5MB 27ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 2.c 34ms 0.9ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5.c 34ms 1.0ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 34ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 35ms 0.1ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.6ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 261ms 9.0ms 40.9MB 243ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 271ms 2.2ms 41.0MB 257ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 285ms 5.2ms 40.3MB 270ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 2.cr 345ms 3.2ms 8.2MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 423ms 6.7ms 42.9MB 410ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 53ms 3.0ms 11.7MB 40ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 55ms 2.4ms 11.6MB 43ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 58ms 2.2ms 11.0MB 47ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 2.cr 87ms 2.3ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 91ms 3.5ms 13.2MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1947ms 50ms 6.3MB 1917ms 20ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 450ms 9.9ms 5.0MB 437ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 736ms 1.2ms 2.0MB 2897ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 951ms 0.7ms 2.0MB 3743ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 999ms 19ms 2.0MB 3907ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 1002ms 3.9ms 3.3MB 3943ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 1132ms 22ms 3.4MB 4423ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1142ms 1.9ms 2.0MB 4507ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 1330ms 4.1ms 3.3MB 5240ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1830ms 5.6ms 3.3MB 7220ms 10ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 3757ms 8.8ms 4.6MB 3743ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 193ms 1.4ms 2.0MB 737ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 247ms 2.2ms 2.0MB 943ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 258ms 0.8ms 2.0MB 990ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 259ms 2.3ms 3.3MB 983ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 290ms 4.2ms 3.1MB 1107ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 303ms 19ms 2.0MB 1153ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 341ms 2.7ms 3.4MB 1310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 476ms 17ms 3.3MB 1823ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 942ms 1.3ms 4.4MB 930ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 55ms 1.1ms 2.0MB 193ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 70ms 0.8ms 3.3MB 250ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 72ms 0.8ms 2.1MB 260ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 72ms 6.7ms 2.0MB 257ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 78ms 0.4ms 3.1MB 280ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 81ms 0.6ms 2.0MB 297ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 92ms 0.5ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 123ms 2.1ms 3.4MB 453ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 240ms 1.7ms 3.9MB 230ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3