Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Crystal VS C benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 30ms 64.2MB 1257ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 109ms 0.7ms 11.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1505ms 22ms 19.9MB 1440ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 85ms 1.6ms 7.1MB 63ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 1.4ms 6.4MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.5ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2481ms 9.0ms 2.9MB 2470ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 213ms 7.6ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.1ms 3.5MB 447ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 1.3ms 14.6MB 573ms 93ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.7ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 73ms 0.9ms 4.9MB 57ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 1.1ms 0.3ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1.c 1.2ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 1.3ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2297ms 153ms 300.0MB 313ms 450ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1282ms 15ms 53.0MB 33ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 2.3ms 3.0MB 93ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 186ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 232ms 17ms 7.6MB 860ms 10ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 269ms 7.4ms 6.5MB 820ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 1.cr 316ms 2.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
c 1-mffi.c 330ms 1.2ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-ffi.c 330ms 0.7ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-ffi.c 452ms 1.7ms 6.7MB 440ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 544ms 3.5ms 6.8MB 530ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1-mffi.c 15ms 1.3ms 4.8MB 33ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-mffi.c 17ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 1-ffi.c 17ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.6ms 6.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
c 1-mffi.c 19ms 1.7ms 3.8MB 47ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1-ffi.c 22ms 0.3ms 3.6MB 10ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1-ffi.c 28ms 3.7ms 3.6MB 20ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 880ms 16ms 64.2MB 857ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 173ms 3.0ms 22.2MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 266ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 260ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 301ms 1.1ms 2.1MB 290ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 310ms 1.6ms 2.3MB 300ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 2.c 312ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 300ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 313ms 1.3ms 2.3MB 303ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5.c 317ms 4.2ms 2.1MB 307ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 318ms 0.9ms 1.5MB 310ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 2.c 320ms 0.6ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 336ms 0.8ms 2.3MB 330ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 2.cr 342ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.9ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 8-i.c 29ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 20ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 8-i.c 33ms 0.7ms 2.1MB 27ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 2.c 33ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5.c 33ms 0.1ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 2.c 34ms 0.9ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 5.c 35ms 0.5ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5.c 35ms 0.2ms 1.5MB 30ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
c 2.c 36ms 1.2ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 8-i.c 36ms 0.1ms 2.3MB 30ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 331ms 7.2ms 40.9MB 313ms 3ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 347ms 11ms 40.3MB 330ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 2.cr 350ms 2.1ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
c 1.c 362ms 17ms 41.0MB 343ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 432ms 2.5ms 42.9MB 420ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 1.c 52ms 2.1ms 11.6MB 40ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 1.c 53ms 1.8ms 11.7MB 40ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 1.c 56ms 4.4ms 11.0MB 43ms 0ms zigcc 0.14.1
crystal 2.cr 89ms 2.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 92ms 3.7ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1928ms 26ms 6.3MB 1897ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 447ms 9.3ms 4.9MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 737ms 1.3ms 2.3MB 2890ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 952ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 3750ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 998ms 13ms 2.0MB 3907ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 1001ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 3937ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 1122ms 4.0ms 3.3MB 4410ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 1144ms 1.6ms 2.0MB 4507ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 1337ms 15ms 3.1MB 5243ms 3ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 1838ms 7.0ms 3.1MB 7227ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 3760ms 10ms 4.5MB 3747ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 194ms 1.1ms 2.0MB 737ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 247ms 2.4ms 2.0MB 940ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 259ms 0.7ms 2.0MB 1000ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 268ms 16ms 3.4MB 1007ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 288ms 1.3ms 3.1MB 1100ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 294ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 1130ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 376ms 62ms 3.3MB 1403ms 7ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 469ms 7.4ms 3.3MB 1800ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 949ms 7.6ms 4.4MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
c 3-m.c 56ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 193ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 69ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 250ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 4-m.c 72ms 0.8ms 2.3MB 260ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 6-im.c 73ms 2.3ms 3.1MB 250ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 4-m.c 79ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 280ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 5-im.c 81ms 0.7ms 2.0MB 293ms 0ms gcc 15.1.0
c 5-im.c 92ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 333ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
c 3-m.c 123ms 0.9ms 3.3MB 453ms 0ms clang 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
crystal 1.cr 241ms 5.4ms 3.8MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3