Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Zig benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Mar 29 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 492ms 35ms 1223.9MB 553ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 2060ms 58ms 49.0MB 2023ms 20ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3082ms 15ms 246.4MB 5163ms 690ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 104ms 0.8ms 160.3MB 113ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 154ms 0.4ms 7.0MB 140ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 276ms 9.6ms 30.3MB 443ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1734ms 92ms 234.6MB 6420ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2168ms 9.4ms 222.7MB 3003ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 12.9MB 6077ms 487ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 117.1MB 18960ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 426ms 4.7ms 25.0MB 1567ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 474ms 4.8ms 76.6MB 1057ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 689ms 16ms 8.8MB 813ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 780ms 21ms 100.6MB 2703ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 1.1ms 0.1ms 1.1MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.6MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 52ms 0.7ms 47.2MB 62ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 4775ms 56ms 442.2MB 14967ms 2663ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 391.3MB 16150ms 2790ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2114ms 204ms 206.1MB 5923ms 717ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2322ms 100ms 242.4MB 5993ms 683ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 835ms 90ms 208.3MB 2240ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2326ms 37ms 834.4MB 5107ms 183ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 34ms 1.0ms 2.8MB 23ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 183ms 4.3ms 96.4MB 297ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 3.5ms 105.0MB 417ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 306ms 5.2ms 5.8MB 433ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 513ms 4.5ms 5.9MB 613ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 94ms 1.8ms 2.8MB 83ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 312ms 12ms 214.5MB 533ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 329ms 7.5ms 204.7MB 423ms 53ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 909ms 6.8ms 5.9MB 1307ms 47ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1558ms 23ms 5.9MB 1883ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 15ms 0.4ms 1.3MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 2.kt 140ms 1.7ms 3.6MB 193ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 140ms 7.2ms 92.4MB 263ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 162ms 16ms 95.6MB 337ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 170ms 1.5ms 3.8MB 213ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 360ms 8.1ms 681.4MB 397ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 899ms 44ms 41.0MB 873ms 13ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1499ms 4.3ms 134.5MB 2283ms 337ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 130ms 2.8ms 208.5MB 157ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 179ms 3.2ms 11.0MB 167ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 312ms 4.3ms 38.5MB 460ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 3.zig 199ms 0.6ms 1.0MB 190ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 2.zig 280ms 0.6ms 1.0MB 270ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 316ms 0.5ms 1.1MB 307ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 413ms 3.0ms 2.6MB 403ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 447ms 1.8ms 49.3MB 490ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 3.zig 22ms 0.2ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 2.zig 30ms 0.1ms 1.0MB 20ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 34ms 0.4ms 1.1MB 30ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 45ms 1.9ms 2.6MB 40ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 120ms 0.4ms 49.6MB 163ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 2469ms 9.2ms 2.3MB 2437ms 20ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 3753ms 45ms 355.1MB 4627ms 110ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.5MB 6320ms 267ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 5000ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 567ms 2.6ms 1.8MB 557ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 983ms 29ms 355.6MB 1763ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.5MB 6270ms 273ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 5010ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.2MB 5393ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.0MB 5430ms 493ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 807ms 4.6ms 134.0MB 1223ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3182ms 11ms 63.1MB 3923ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3130ms 52ms 233.8MB 4123ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 984ms 32ms 232.4MB 1807ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21