Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS C# benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon May 19 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 491ms 9.8ms 576.6MB 603ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 937ms 10ms 185.4MB 937ms 137ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 1089ms 203ms 175.6MB 1003ms 140ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 1663ms 38ms 98.4MB 1863ms 183ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 4175ms 24ms 143.7MB 4367ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 0.9ms 159.3MB 150ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 142ms 2.5ms 44.0MB 123ms 10ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 161ms 19ms 31.8MB 100ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 203ms 9.4ms 50.0MB 160ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 235ms 15ms 17.6MB 240ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1893ms 160ms 233.8MB 7030ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1-m.cs 2148ms 121ms 48.9MB 7577ms 67ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 2169ms 49ms 220.1MB 3017ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1-m.cs 2876ms 225ms 73.0MB 9937ms 117ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 2-m.kt 4283ms 17ms 21.6MB 14280ms 553ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5517ms 30ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1-m.cs 149ms 3.9ms 20.9MB 447ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 2-m.kt 248ms 4.5ms 21.1MB 837ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1-m.cs 298ms 11ms 37.4MB 860ms 23ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 395ms 2.7ms 17.4MB 403ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 495ms 6.5ms 76.4MB 1130ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 920ms 72ms 97.4MB 3233ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.1ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 7.5ms 2.9ms 9.6MB 0ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 32ms 1.0ms 23.9MB 20ms 2ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 35ms 0.3ms 26.1MB 20ms 0ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 64ms 5.9ms 47.6MB 78ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-http2.cs 537ms 2.6ms 108.1MB 743ms 150ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 2-m.cs 586ms 10ms 140.8MB 750ms 510ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 2-http3.cs 705ms 14ms 145.4MB 1130ms 247ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1-m.cs 712ms 21ms 168.0MB 1107ms 663ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 2-m.kt 1613ms 2795ms 455.2MB 15463ms 2483ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 427.0MB 16450ms 2593ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-m.cs 352ms 3.2ms 86.9MB 380ms 183ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1-m.cs 397ms 9.9ms 98.1MB 547ms 220ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 2-http2.cs 445ms 7.3ms 86.0MB 513ms 77ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 2-http3.cs 511ms 2.0ms 93.3MB 600ms 117ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 2080ms 193ms 220.2MB 5967ms 640ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2084ms 210ms 242.8MB 5633ms 620ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 306ms 4.4ms 68.6MB 273ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 776ms 95ms 175.3MB 2097ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 810ms 79ms 143.6MB 820ms 70ms dotnet 9.0.300

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 1499ms 4.2ms 232.6MB 1640ms 93ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 1835ms 40ms 693.1MB 4310ms 167ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 2651ms 20ms 718.1MB 3213ms 433ms dotnet 9.0.300

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 93ms 0.6ms 9.6MB 80ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 2.cs 148ms 2.9ms 21.2MB 137ms 3ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 2.kt 168ms 4.4ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 192ms 2.4ms 94.9MB 323ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 209ms 14ms 101.4MB 453ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 255ms 4.3ms 29.5MB 233ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 353ms 2.2ms 12.5MB 353ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 1040ms 5.1ms 13.3MB 1020ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 1302ms 18ms 33.1MB 1287ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 3346ms 4.8ms 45.5MB 3297ms 40ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 263ms 3.9ms 9.8MB 247ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 2-m.kt 313ms 0.5ms 214.0MB 540ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 340ms 2.2ms 203.2MB 463ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 378ms 23ms 22.6MB 360ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 403ms 7.6ms 29.1MB 383ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 2.kt 474ms 3.0ms 12.4MB 500ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1035ms 8.5ms 12.4MB 1070ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 3118ms 26ms 13.3MB 3090ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 3650ms 14ms 32.8MB 3633ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 45.6MB 4940ms 50ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 51ms 1.0ms 9.6MB 40ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 2.cs 94ms 1.8ms 20.8MB 80ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 2.kt 95ms 0.4ms 12.8MB 87ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 110ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 3.0ms 90.4MB 287ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 166ms 3.5ms 29.5MB 150ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 2-m.kt 169ms 8.2ms 95.6MB 340ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 1616ms 3.8ms 32.5MB 1607ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 1820ms 10ms 28.8MB 1803ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 1824ms 6.5ms 13.0MB 1807ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 395ms 2.5ms 678.6MB 450ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 537ms 11ms 121.0MB 490ms 90ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 614ms 11ms 143.3MB 563ms 120ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 2.cs 684ms 6.9ms 136.2MB 630ms 97ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 764ms 21ms 161.6MB 710ms 117ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 1297ms 5.6ms 140.0MB 1507ms 167ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 2036ms 172ms 90.1MB 2113ms 47ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 137ms 9.3ms 57.3MB 110ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 155ms 2.4ms 207.3MB 203ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 158ms 4.3ms 74.7MB 120ms 50ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 2.cs 262ms 6.1ms 75.2MB 227ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 266ms 1.9ms 69.4MB 240ms 37ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 272ms 2.6ms 88.1MB 243ms 53ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 293ms 4.6ms 25.6MB 297ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 353ms 3.9ms 3.6MB 343ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 9.cs 363ms 3.7ms 27.6MB 340ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 8.cs 372ms 0.9ms 9.8MB 360ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 8.cs 423ms 2.3ms 27.6MB 403ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 445ms 1.8ms 49.2MB 490ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 1252ms 5.3ms 22.4MB 1240ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.2ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 8.cs 46ms 0.5ms 9.8MB 30ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 9.cs 93ms 1.5ms 27.8MB 73ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 8.cs 95ms 2.7ms 27.6MB 77ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 121ms 2.3ms 49.4MB 170ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 162ms 0.3ms 22.8MB 150ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 3259ms 15ms 13.9MB 3147ms 107ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 3630ms 50ms 38.0MB 3650ms 117ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 3724ms 64ms 352.5MB 4500ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3990ms 1497ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5130ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 761ms 6.7ms 13.5MB 727ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 990ms 7.0ms 37.5MB 1083ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 1018ms 20ms 353.5MB 1703ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 3990ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5113ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 1758ms 15ms 418.7MB 1653ms 153ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 5.cs 2138ms 7.7ms 443.4MB 2173ms 187ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 6.cs 2760ms 95ms 438.8MB 2717ms 170ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 5.cs 4264ms 20ms 419.0MB 4173ms 147ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.6MB 5407ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5080ms 117ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 189ms 0.8ms 47.5MB 163ms 17ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 5.cs 291ms 6.5ms 72.6MB 260ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 6.cs 396ms 4.6ms 70.3MB 357ms 33ms dotnet 9.0.300
csharp 5.cs 439ms 1.8ms 47.4MB 413ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 839ms 12ms 134.6MB 1270ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3231ms 31ms 51.1MB 3300ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 2831ms 17ms 13.1MB 2790ms 27ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
csharp 1.cs 2950ms 24ms 35.1MB 3023ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.300
kotlin 1.kt 3038ms 2.3ms 231.8MB 4063ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 717ms 5.6ms 12.8MB 697ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.300
kotlin 1-m.kt 979ms 51ms 232.1MB 1937ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 1001ms 5.2ms 35.1MB 1100ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.300