Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Chapel benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 502ms 3.0ms 581.8MB 603ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 4.chpl 1973ms 34ms 62.3MB 1967ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 2236ms 21ms 62.4MB 2227ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 4205ms 55ms 144.8MB 4410ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 3.5ms 163.1MB 150ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 4.chpl 185ms 1.3ms 32.4MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 188ms 3.2ms 32.4MB 183ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 219ms 14ms 17.7MB 223ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1914ms 60ms 234.2MB 7147ms 110ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2192ms 8.0ms 218.7MB 3023ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 1-m.chpl 2341ms 58ms 699.6MB 4543ms 103ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 4300ms 30ms 21.1MB 14380ms 537ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5517ms 30ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 211ms 12ms 658.0MB 330ms 60ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 249ms 2.2ms 21.4MB 840ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 389ms 6.7ms 17.4MB 397ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 482ms 16ms 75.4MB 1090ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 814ms 72ms 95.6MB 2813ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.1ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
chapel 1.chpl 11ms 0.4ms 28.8MB 0ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 62ms 0.8ms 47.8MB 78ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 4779ms 156ms 415.1MB 14780ms 2513ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 397.0MB 16267ms 2767ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2041ms 202ms 241.1MB 5747ms 710ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2177ms 125ms 242.9MB 5933ms 677ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 766ms 91ms 171.9MB 2060ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1844ms 20ms 667.3MB 4333ms 157ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 166ms 1.9ms 12.4MB 167ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 197ms 7.4ms 94.7MB 323ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 201ms 1.6ms 102.7MB 457ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 375ms 17ms 12.4MB 380ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 317ms 2.5ms 210.7MB 540ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 341ms 2.0ms 203.0MB 457ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 475ms 2.5ms 12.5MB 503ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1046ms 1.8ms 12.5MB 1073ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 95ms 0.1ms 12.8MB 87ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.1ms 12.8MB 117ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 4.0ms 92.4MB 293ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 170ms 16ms 95.9MB 367ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 394ms 11ms 680.4MB 447ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 1937ms 26ms 90.4MB 2023ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 3.2ms 207.4MB 210ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 288ms 11ms 25.8MB 290ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 325ms 1.9ms 26.6MB 320ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1n.kt 354ms 2.9ms 3.6MB 343ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 444ms 1.3ms 49.7MB 487ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 40ms 1.0ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
chapel 2.chpl 46ms 1.1ms 28.8MB 40ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 121ms 1.7ms 49.7MB 167ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 447ms 1.6ms 30.4MB 440ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 3774ms 15ms 353.5MB 4633ms 110ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 4053ms 1487ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5113ms 140ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 114ms 0.9ms 30.4MB 110ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1024ms 7.6ms 352.8MB 1743ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.9MB 4010ms 1517ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.7MB 5123ms 140ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 1401ms 0.9ms 220.3MB 1350ms 43ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5417ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5067ms 120ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 168ms 2.2ms 49.0MB 147ms 20ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 828ms 9.1ms 134.4MB 1267ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3234ms 34ms 51.1MB 3313ms 80ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 1180ms 4.7ms 29.1MB 1173ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 3088ms 35ms 232.4MB 4080ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 305ms 1.3ms 29.0MB 300ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 982ms 20ms 231.5MB 1887ms 53ms kotlin/jvm 21