Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Python benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Wed Jan 22 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 487ms 33ms 1217.6MB 527ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 1.py 1189ms 1.9ms 95.8MB 1113ms 57ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1-m.kt 3121ms 31ms 248.4MB 5273ms 667ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.9MB 4970ms 17ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 40.6MB 4760ms 227ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 96ms 2.4ms 68.1MB 67ms 20ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1.kt 99ms 1.2ms 158.3MB 103ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 266ms 1.2ms 28.5MB 413ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 486ms 19ms 11.9MB 457ms 13ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 705ms 9.2ms 12.6MB 693ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1197ms 18ms 104.0MB 1157ms 23ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 2-m.kt 1809ms 268ms 235.5MB 6717ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2109ms 6.9ms 219.7MB 2923ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 6100ms 460ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 69.5MB 18963ms 130ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 21.1MB 4977ms 7ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 17.3MB 4977ms 7ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 223ms 3.7ms 84.4MB 177ms 27ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 2-m.kt 386ms 11ms 54.6MB 1410ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 463ms 6.2ms 73.9MB 1070ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 1.py 575ms 1.9ms 20.5MB 553ms 7ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py 669ms 11ms 16.8MB 647ms 7ms pyston 3.8.12
kotlin 1.kt 675ms 7.0ms 10.7MB 803ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 742ms 27ms 99.3MB 2503ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.4ms 0.5ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 12ms 1.1ms 7.6MB 0ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 14ms 1.2ms 8.5MB 10ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py 28ms 0.6ms 51.0MB 10ms 8ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1.kt 54ms 6.4ms 47.4MB 54ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 807ms 1397ms 456.2MB 10660ms 1630ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 1.py 2089ms 98ms 36.3MB 1090ms 1573ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 2602ms 353ms 33.4MB 1593ms 1583ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py 4715ms 247ms 107.1MB 2877ms 1207ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 393.0MB 16180ms 2813ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1097ms 19ms 28.7MB 237ms 273ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1169ms 48ms 28.7MB 317ms 277ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py 1648ms 408ms 90.6MB 717ms 220ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 2-m.kt 2185ms 260ms 239.6MB 4107ms 410ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2220ms 269ms 241.0MB 6507ms 647ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 199ms 3.1ms 38.1MB 170ms 13ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 219ms 2.4ms 38.6MB 190ms 10ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py 295ms 1.7ms 87.4MB 257ms 23ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1-m.kt 832ms 44ms 198.9MB 2267ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 1828ms 10ms 220.4MB 1650ms 163ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1906ms 5.8ms 222.2MB 1817ms 73ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 1909ms 11ms 221.8MB 1807ms 87ms cpython 3.13.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 2318ms 66ms 1048.1MB 5023ms 170ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 2.py 146ms 1.1ms 57.9MB 120ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1-m.kt 177ms 0.9ms 94.9MB 293ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 1.py 181ms 1.4ms 59.5MB 153ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 2-m.kt 197ms 4.0ms 102.2MB 413ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 305ms 3.4ms 7.8MB 437ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 521ms 19ms 7.8MB 623ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 718ms 4.4ms 8.9MB 707ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 832ms 3.1ms 8.5MB 817ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 1101ms 2.8ms 9.3MB 1083ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 2.py 1309ms 4.2ms 9.1MB 1297ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 317ms 11ms 213.0MB 513ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 325ms 3.6ms 202.9MB 443ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 2.py 338ms 1.6ms 58.9MB 313ms 7ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 385ms 6.4ms 60.4MB 353ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 2.kt 907ms 26ms 7.8MB 1293ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1564ms 31ms 7.9MB 1900ms 33ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 2127ms 17ms 8.9MB 2110ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 2489ms 22ms 8.5MB 2473ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3291ms 15ms 9.3MB 3283ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 2.py 3877ms 18ms 9.0MB 3860ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 2.py 106ms 2.6ms 57.8MB 83ms 7ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 122ms 2.7ms 58.5MB 103ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1-m.kt 141ms 6.8ms 90.5MB 270ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 141ms 4.0ms 5.7MB 193ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 152ms 8.3ms 93.7MB 300ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 178ms 5.5ms 5.9MB 230ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 345ms 2.4ms 8.5MB 337ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 390ms 1.7ms 8.1MB 377ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 523ms 7.0ms 9.0MB 510ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 2.py 622ms 5.9ms 8.6MB 607ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 1.7ms 679.6MB 383ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 1514ms 66ms 136.5MB 2323ms 343ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 2276ms 12ms 209.9MB 2153ms 103ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 93.9MB 4953ms 33ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 130.4MB 4923ms 57ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 127ms 2.3ms 208.6MB 157ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 302ms 3.5ms 40.6MB 430ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py 389ms 1.4ms 103.6MB 330ms 43ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 3030ms 33ms 37.1MB 3000ms 17ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 48.9MB 4937ms 47ms pyston 3.8.12

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 405ms 5.4ms 4.7MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 4.4ms 49.6MB 483ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 2.py 1366ms 23ms 59.8MB 1340ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 2633ms 17ms 56.6MB 2607ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.6MB 4983ms 3ms cpython 3.13.1
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 4990ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4983ms 3ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py timeout 0.0ms 8.1MB 4987ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 46ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 120ms 1.7ms 49.7MB 160ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 2.py 177ms 2.3ms 57.6MB 150ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 306ms 2.6ms 56.6MB 280ms 10ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 921ms 5.6ms 8.3MB 907ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 2.py 1297ms 37ms 8.3MB 1283ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 2982ms 117ms 8.6MB 2973ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 2.py 3119ms 42ms 8.8MB 3103ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 4.py 1907ms 9.4ms 8.9MB 1860ms 30ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 1988ms 11ms 9.4MB 1930ms 40ms cpython 3.13.1
python 4.py 2128ms 6.9ms 89.0MB 2090ms 23ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1.kt 3713ms 77ms 353.7MB 4497ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6367ms 257ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4983ms 173ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 4.py 451ms 1.8ms 8.6MB 440ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 4.py 470ms 4.4ms 9.3MB 457ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 4.py 542ms 7.0ms 83.4MB 507ms 17ms pypy 3.10.14
kotlin 1-m.kt 1005ms 20ms 353.8MB 1740ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.3MB 6397ms 293ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.3MB 5003ms 153ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 2225ms 7.0ms 243.0MB 2163ms 47ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 4757ms 33ms 226.3MB 4560ms 180ms pyston 3.8.12
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.6MB 5427ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.1MB 5003ms 860ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
python 1.py timeout 0.0ms 108.7MB 4957ms 30ms cpython 3.13.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 334ms 2.9ms 85.5MB 293ms 27ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 497ms 5.0ms 30.3MB 460ms 23ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 621ms 3.4ms 31.0MB 593ms 10ms cpython 3.13.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 836ms 29ms 134.6MB 1223ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3337ms 226ms 65.0MB 4233ms 10ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3090ms 36ms 231.3MB 3953ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 1.py 3144ms 17ms 8.4MB 3130ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
python 1.py 3691ms 14ms 74.6MB 3657ms 17ms pypy 3.10.14
python 1.py 3791ms 31ms 8.8MB 3773ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
python 1.py 803ms 5.5ms 8.3MB 787ms 0ms pyston 3.8.12
kotlin 1-m.kt 950ms 29ms 231.2MB 1920ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
python 1.py 972ms 12ms 8.8MB 957ms 0ms cpython 3.13.1
python 1.py 1037ms 13ms 67.6MB 1010ms 13ms pypy 3.10.14