Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Wasm benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Mar 25 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 482ms 0.5ms 578.0MB 560ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 5.rs 1828ms 60ms 33.1MB 1810ms 10ms wasmtime 31.0.0
wasm 4.rs 1855ms 21ms 33.1MB 1833ms 10ms wasmtime 31.0.0
wasm 3.rs 1870ms 21ms 49.2MB 1847ms 10ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3201ms 42ms 246.5MB 5153ms 850ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 107ms 0.7ms 160.3MB 117ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 5.rs 171ms 2.0ms 19.2MB 160ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
wasm 4.rs 179ms 1.6ms 19.2MB 167ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
wasm 3.rs 187ms 5.5ms 21.1MB 167ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 283ms 2.6ms 30.5MB 453ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 1202ms 100ms 19.4MB 1187ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1971ms 329ms 240.9MB 7313ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2173ms 16ms 221.5MB 2997ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 12.7MB 5997ms 487ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 69.6MB 19047ms 153ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 87ms 4.6ms 18.0MB 73ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 432ms 2.7ms 14.5MB 1600ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 468ms 13ms 76.2MB 1060ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 689ms 14ms 8.8MB 817ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 815ms 9.7ms 96.8MB 2827ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.4ms 2.6MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
wasm 1.rs 7.0ms 0.7ms 17.4MB 0ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 59ms 4.0ms 47.2MB 56ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 4877ms 110ms 433.3MB 14973ms 2650ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 400.8MB 16150ms 2810ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2051ms 215ms 216.8MB 5830ms 630ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2169ms 316ms 243.8MB 3967ms 420ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 860ms 106ms 201.0MB 2313ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2344ms 51ms 740.7MB 5013ms 167ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 89ms 1.7ms 17.3MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 181ms 4.2ms 96.8MB 300ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 2.0ms 103.5MB 420ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 310ms 2.1ms 5.9MB 433ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 518ms 11ms 5.8MB 620ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 251ms 3.2ms 16.9MB 240ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 307ms 3.5ms 215.7MB 537ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 335ms 2.6ms 204.7MB 443ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 927ms 16ms 7.1MB 1330ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1539ms 8.4ms 5.8MB 1870ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 48ms 0.2ms 16.8MB 40ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 2.kt 142ms 1.4ms 3.6MB 200ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 142ms 1.4ms 92.3MB 267ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 153ms 3.2ms 95.8MB 303ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 171ms 1.8ms 3.8MB 217ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 361ms 2.6ms 681.5MB 383ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 906ms 18ms 41.1MB 880ms 10ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1532ms 6.5ms 134.6MB 2337ms 353ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 133ms 0.6ms 208.5MB 157ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 198ms 6.2ms 23.1MB 180ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 312ms 1.7ms 38.5MB 457ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 404ms 1.3ms 2.5MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
wasm 1.rs 411ms 4.6ms 17.1MB 400ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 453ms 4.2ms 49.4MB 497ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 2.rs 583ms 2.7ms 17.0MB 570ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 44ms 0.5ms 2.5MB 37ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
wasm 1.rs 49ms 0.3ms 17.2MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
wasm 2.rs 66ms 0.5ms 17.0MB 53ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 123ms 1.5ms 49.5MB 170ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 2227ms 21ms 18.3MB 2210ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 3765ms 63ms 355.2MB 4593ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.4MB 6277ms 300ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 4990ms 180ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 520ms 1.0ms 17.3MB 507ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1000ms 30ms 355.3MB 1780ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.4MB 6287ms 287ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.2MB 5010ms 157ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.3MB 5430ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.0MB 5163ms 730ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 821ms 21ms 137.7MB 1247ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3187ms 12ms 65.0MB 3933ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3098ms 21ms 233.4MB 3973ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 3547ms 5.6ms 16.9MB 3533ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 896ms 1.8ms 17.3MB 880ms 0ms wasmtime 31.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1009ms 48ms 235.5MB 1923ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21