Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Dart benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Mar 25 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 482ms 0.5ms 578.0MB 560ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 1.dart 717ms 2.7ms 80.8MB 687ms 40ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 3201ms 42ms 246.5MB 5153ms 850ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 75ms 0.5ms 42.8MB 53ms 13ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 107ms 0.7ms 160.3MB 117ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 283ms 2.6ms 30.5MB 453ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1971ms 329ms 240.9MB 7313ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2173ms 16ms 221.5MB 2997ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 1.dart 4834ms 31ms 19.4MB 5307ms 73ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 12.7MB 5997ms 487ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 69.6MB 19047ms 153ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 352ms 7.7ms 10.3MB 360ms 10ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 432ms 2.7ms 14.5MB 1600ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 468ms 13ms 76.2MB 1060ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 689ms 14ms 8.8MB 817ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 815ms 9.7ms 96.8MB 2827ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.4ms 2.6MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
dart 1.dart 4.0ms 0.1ms 5.5MB 0ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 59ms 4.0ms 47.2MB 56ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 1422ms 10ms 96.1MB 1343ms 1593ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 1.dart 4523ms 156ms 99.6MB 1513ms 1817ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 4877ms 110ms 433.3MB 14973ms 2650ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 400.8MB 16150ms 2810ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 276ms 7.3ms 49.9MB 190ms 297ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 1.dart 1269ms 27ms 50.0MB 173ms 243ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2051ms 215ms 216.8MB 5830ms 630ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2169ms 316ms 243.8MB 3967ms 420ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 167ms 3.5ms 53.6MB 147ms 13ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 860ms 106ms 201.0MB 2313ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 1504ms 22ms 205.2MB 1740ms 110ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2344ms 51ms 740.7MB 5013ms 167ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 169ms 0.8ms 9.1MB 157ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 181ms 4.2ms 96.8MB 300ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 2.0ms 103.5MB 420ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 310ms 2.1ms 5.9MB 433ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
dart 1.dart 496ms 2.5ms 9.1MB 480ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 518ms 11ms 5.8MB 620ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 307ms 3.5ms 215.7MB 537ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 335ms 2.6ms 204.7MB 443ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 2.dart 488ms 15ms 9.1MB 473ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 2.kt 927ms 16ms 7.1MB 1330ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
dart 1.dart 1458ms 8.1ms 9.3MB 1440ms 7ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 1539ms 8.4ms 5.8MB 1870ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 80ms 5.0ms 9.3MB 67ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 1.dart 117ms 5.6ms 8.9MB 107ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 2.kt 142ms 1.4ms 3.6MB 200ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 142ms 1.4ms 92.3MB 267ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 153ms 3.2ms 95.8MB 303ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 171ms 1.8ms 3.8MB 217ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 323ms 0.9ms 63.8MB 300ms 23ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 361ms 2.6ms 681.5MB 383ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 1532ms 6.5ms 134.6MB 2337ms 353ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 86ms 0.7ms 43.8MB 60ms 17ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 133ms 0.6ms 208.5MB 157ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 312ms 1.7ms 38.5MB 457ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 404ms 1.3ms 2.5MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
dart 3.dart 409ms 3.6ms 6.3MB 397ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 453ms 4.2ms 49.4MB 497ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 44ms 0.5ms 2.5MB 37ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
dart 3.dart 46ms 0.9ms 6.3MB 37ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 123ms 1.5ms 49.5MB 170ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 1358ms 4.5ms 14.8MB 1323ms 33ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 3765ms 63ms 355.2MB 4593ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.4MB 6277ms 300ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 4990ms 180ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 337ms 9.7ms 14.8MB 317ms 13ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1000ms 30ms 355.3MB 1780ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.4MB 6287ms 287ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.2MB 5010ms 157ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart timeout 0.0ms 188.1MB 4983ms 50ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.3MB 5430ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.0MB 5163ms 730ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 573ms 8.4ms 43.2MB 553ms 10ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 821ms 21ms 137.7MB 1247ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3187ms 12ms 65.0MB 3933ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3098ms 21ms 233.4MB 3973ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1009ms 48ms 235.5MB 1923ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21