Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Go benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Apr 14 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 513ms 4.4ms 577.8MB 603ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 1227ms 3.5ms 55.0MB 1207ms 7ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 2353ms 1.9ms 39.8MB 5253ms 37ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 4515ms 38ms 146.1MB 4703ms 67ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 113ms 1.4ms 5.6MB 100ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1.kt 126ms 1.8ms 161.2MB 150ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1-m.go 209ms 2.4ms 8.1MB 370ms 10ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 318ms 32ms 17.9MB 327ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 621ms 136ms 15.5MB 2377ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 719ms 7.5ms 268.8MB 663ms 40ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 2184ms 180ms 244.6MB 8133ms 130ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2217ms 57ms 220.3MB 3067ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4498ms 30ms 21.5MB 14707ms 610ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5523ms 30ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 43ms 2.2ms 7.4MB 143ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 68ms 2.1ms 68.5MB 47ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 253ms 6.4ms 21.3MB 847ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 409ms 11ms 17.4MB 420ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 492ms 12ms 77.2MB 1140ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 969ms 186ms 109.2MB 3360ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.9ms 0.0ms 0.4MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 1.5ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 2.1ms 0.1ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 67ms 2.3ms 47.7MB 82ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 123ms 2.4ms 60.3MB 333ms 77ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 416ms 8.9ms 174.9MB 703ms 690ms go 1.24.2
go 1-m.go 422ms 20ms 172.9MB 730ms 673ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.5MB 16143ms 2733ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 458.9MB 15747ms 2687ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 21ms 12ms 27.6MB 50ms 15ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 80ms 14ms 37.9MB 97ms 120ms go 1.24.2
go 1-m.go 81ms 19ms 36.6MB 113ms 117ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2223ms 205ms 254.3MB 6403ms 687ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2233ms 250ms 249.5MB 6100ms 650ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 46ms 2.2ms 41.1MB 40ms 3ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 142ms 0.7ms 18.7MB 137ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 773ms 88ms 172.2MB 2063ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 251ms 15ms 131.1MB 230ms 53ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 751ms 2.0ms 104.9MB 737ms 17ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1862ms 58ms 671.6MB 4417ms 173ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 119ms 2.9ms 3.5MB 113ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 131ms 2.5ms 0.5MB 123ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2.kt 171ms 2.7ms 12.4MB 173ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 200ms 3.0ms 96.7MB 333ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 212ms 8.2ms 105.3MB 453ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 357ms 2.2ms 12.5MB 363ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 325ms 2.7ms 215.9MB 557ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 2.7ms 204.8MB 463ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 388ms 3.0ms 0.5MB 380ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 3.go 391ms 1.6ms 3.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 2.kt 476ms 6.0ms 12.6MB 507ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1043ms 15ms 12.6MB 1080ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 52ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 40ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 65ms 1.0ms 0.4MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.7ms 12.8MB 87ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 2.7ms 12.9MB 117ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 1.4ms 92.7MB 320ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 167ms 2.2ms 98.3MB 350ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 391ms 4.1ms 682.5MB 453ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 815ms 44ms 63.2MB 797ms 7ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 1122ms 7.5ms 54.9MB 1103ms 7ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 1448ms 9.5ms 38.9MB 3070ms 33ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 1677ms 13ms 43.0MB 3693ms 33ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 2170ms 19ms 88.8MB 2273ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 163ms 0.8ms 209.4MB 213ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 176ms 3.7ms 9.8MB 163ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 207ms 2.5ms 17.1MB 190ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 331ms 5.3ms 14.0MB 663ms 20ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 373ms 0.8ms 13.9MB 783ms 23ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 426ms 7.1ms 25.7MB 437ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 348ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 351ms 5.8ms 0.4MB 343ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1n.kt 352ms 1.7ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 448ms 1.3ms 49.3MB 493ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 37ms 0.7ms 0.4MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 39ms 0.7ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 126ms 3.5ms 49.4MB 173ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1132ms 4.8ms 8.7MB 1117ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 3792ms 49ms 385.9MB 4713ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 27.0MB 4077ms 1520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.4MB 5163ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 269ms 4.3ms 8.5MB 257ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 992ms 27ms 355.5MB 1823ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 4110ms 1483ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5130ms 163ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 122.4MB 4990ms 40ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 132.0MB 4977ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.6MB 5427ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5100ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 856ms 18ms 134.4MB 1317ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 1787ms 20ms 20.4MB 1770ms 20ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 2260ms 16ms 27.5MB 2243ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1n.kt 3255ms 36ms 51.1MB 3353ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 93ms 0.9ms 7.2MB 90ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 3093ms 47ms 230.3MB 3913ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 27ms 0.2ms 5.2MB 20ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1029ms 38ms 233.4MB 1937ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21