Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Ruby benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 507ms 12ms 574.5MB 603ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 3832ms 23ms 145.7MB 4013ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 4549ms 73ms 838.0MB 6403ms 490ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 4697ms 113ms 110.0MB 4607ms 77ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 70.4MB 4953ms 37ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 124ms 1.0ms 159.2MB 150ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 208ms 3.8ms 17.6MB 217ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 489ms 7.3ms 20.3MB 463ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 502ms 12ms 405.6MB 983ms 153ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 948ms 7.8ms 19.5MB 927ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 1405ms 6.4ms 63.8MB 1330ms 60ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 1735ms 114ms 233.9MB 6417ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 1867ms 34ms 63.0MB 1787ms 63ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 2195ms 28ms 218.9MB 3027ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4274ms 24ms 21.4MB 14387ms 537ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5507ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 348.7MB 4700ms 1477ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 152ms 1.3ms 25.6MB 123ms 13ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 182ms 1.0ms 25.0MB 150ms 13ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 249ms 1.7ms 21.5MB 843ms 37ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.8ms 17.4MB 400ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 474ms 14ms 73.5MB 1073ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 923ms 20ms 101.3MB 3240ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 356.8MB 4790ms 1430ms truffleruby 24.2.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 34ms 0.5ms 141.5MB 10ms 26ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 50ms 1.4ms 12.9MB 38ms 2ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 51ms 1.7ms 12.8MB 36ms 2ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 62ms 0.6ms 47.7MB 74ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 4825ms 117ms 434.8MB 15097ms 2490ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 434.8MB 16347ms 2720ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 2078ms 157ms 233.3MB 5667ms 590ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2112ms 39ms 272.7MB 5717ms 583ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 247ms 0.5ms 27.5MB 220ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 249ms 5.5ms 27.8MB 220ms 13ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 732ms 78ms 157.5MB 1977ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1-m.rb 4414ms 177ms 502.4MB 11650ms 337ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1846ms 49ms 711.3MB 4333ms 173ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 2068ms 11ms 135.0MB 1977ms 77ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 2084ms 23ms 133.9MB 2000ms 73ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 515.9MB 13230ms 373ms truffleruby 24.2.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 166ms 3.8ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 195ms 3.4ms 95.1MB 327ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 200ms 3.1ms 102.1MB 437ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 345ms 2.2ms 13.5MB 327ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 355ms 2.4ms 12.4MB 353ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 531ms 3.8ms 12.9MB 507ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 681ms 22ms 372.4MB 1237ms 140ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 317ms 3.3ms 213.3MB 553ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 340ms 3.7ms 203.0MB 463ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 474ms 2.5ms 12.4MB 500ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 906ms 5.6ms 13.5MB 890ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 1041ms 16ms 12.5MB 1067ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 1181ms 17ms 400.4MB 1707ms 157ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 1478ms 4.7ms 12.8MB 1460ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 83ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 120ms 0.5ms 12.8MB 110ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 0.0ms 90.8MB 303ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 161ms 4.6ms 96.1MB 343ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 194ms 1.0ms 13.5MB 177ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 292ms 3.6ms 12.8MB 280ms 7ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 532ms 4.1ms 356.3MB 1023ms 140ms truffleruby 24.2.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 384ms 3.9ms 680.1MB 450ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 1811ms 15ms 89.9MB 1887ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 4042ms 349ms 544.7MB 10327ms 353ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 93.5MB 4940ms 47ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 97.4MB 4940ms 47ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 158ms 4.9ms 207.2MB 210ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 255ms 3.0ms 25.3MB 260ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 2018ms 52ms 569.1MB 5267ms 243ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 3259ms 25ms 38.3MB 3220ms 20ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 4347ms 35ms 37.6MB 4310ms 20ms ruby 3.4.4

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 349ms 0.4ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 446ms 2.7ms 49.3MB 490ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 2.rb 823ms 8.8ms 310.2MB 1070ms 110ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 2.rb timeout 0.0ms 12.8MB 4983ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 2.rb timeout 0.0ms 13.5MB 4983ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 38ms 0.7ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 0.7ms 49.6MB 163ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 2-m.rb 323ms 5.2ms 325.5MB 593ms 110ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 2.rb 1025ms 6.4ms 13.5MB 1010ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 2.rb 2919ms 94ms 12.8MB 2903ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3710ms 30ms 353.2MB 4553ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 3983ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5117ms 133ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 130.3MB 4870ms 113ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 131.1MB 4837ms 147ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 465.0MB 13420ms 380ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 975ms 38ms 365.7MB 1740ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1-m.rb 1723ms 255ms 383.7MB 4550ms 200ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 1760ms 71ms 130.8MB 1653ms 93ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 1813ms 6.5ms 130.4MB 1677ms 123ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3980ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5123ms 113ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5413ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.9MB 5057ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 834ms 5.0ms 134.5MB 1307ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3338ms 285ms 51.2MB 3400ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3058ms 62ms 231.8MB 4043ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 964ms 26ms 231.0MB 1823ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21