Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Ruby benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Jul 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 488ms 8.7ms 575.8MB 583ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 3941ms 160ms 145.0MB 4120ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 4407ms 191ms 804.1MB 6390ms 450ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 4955ms 35ms 109.4MB 4853ms 87ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 70.5MB 4940ms 40ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 2.9ms 159.3MB 143ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 210ms 3.5ms 17.7MB 217ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 505ms 6.5ms 20.3MB 480ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 570ms 55ms 424.9MB 1133ms 167ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 967ms 21ms 19.5MB 943ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 1446ms 22ms 63.8MB 1363ms 67ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 1861ms 20ms 63.0MB 1787ms 63ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 2049ms 224ms 241.0MB 7630ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2241ms 54ms 220.1MB 3060ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4233ms 52ms 21.4MB 14190ms 543ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5510ms 20ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 327.3MB 4810ms 1417ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 155ms 1.3ms 25.6MB 127ms 17ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 184ms 1.1ms 25.0MB 157ms 17ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 248ms 6.0ms 21.0MB 830ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 388ms 5.4ms 17.4MB 397ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 485ms 16ms 75.0MB 1087ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 854ms 53ms 101.2MB 2957ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 351.7MB 4637ms 1527ms truffleruby 24.2.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 35ms 1.1ms 141.3MB 16ms 24ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 52ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 40ms 0ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 52ms 1.2ms 12.9MB 40ms 2ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 65ms 2.5ms 47.7MB 76ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 3271ms 1443ms 346.3MB 5647ms 970ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 402.2MB 16220ms 2767ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2119ms 180ms 229.3MB 6180ms 533ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2206ms 240ms 241.3MB 4083ms 443ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 259ms 6.8ms 28.8MB 233ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 260ms 1.6ms 30.1MB 230ms 17ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 848ms 12ms 174.2MB 2307ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1-m.rb 4473ms 273ms 553.2MB 11820ms 333ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1778ms 57ms 662.5MB 4197ms 157ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 2100ms 16ms 135.4MB 2017ms 73ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 2102ms 15ms 135.2MB 2013ms 73ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 507.3MB 13217ms 343ms truffleruby 24.2.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 173ms 14ms 12.4MB 180ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 193ms 3.9ms 94.9MB 320ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 207ms 8.3ms 101.0MB 433ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 342ms 2.8ms 13.5MB 323ms 0ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 359ms 8.0ms 12.5MB 360ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 526ms 4.3ms 12.9MB 507ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 707ms 30ms 372.7MB 1240ms 147ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 318ms 3.4ms 212.1MB 533ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 341ms 3.1ms 202.9MB 460ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 475ms 5.0ms 12.4MB 503ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 913ms 4.6ms 13.5MB 897ms 0ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 1030ms 1.3ms 12.4MB 1057ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 1253ms 6.5ms 411.5MB 1750ms 167ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 1478ms 32ms 12.9MB 1457ms 7ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 95ms 0.7ms 12.8MB 90ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 0.6ms 12.8MB 117ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 1.1ms 90.5MB 293ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 170ms 13ms 96.5MB 367ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 198ms 2.3ms 13.5MB 180ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 289ms 3.7ms 12.8MB 270ms 7ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 530ms 42ms 354.3MB 1040ms 137ms truffleruby 24.2.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 389ms 8.7ms 680.7MB 447ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 1857ms 13ms 89.9MB 1940ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 4269ms 456ms 556.4MB 10877ms 377ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 93.5MB 4947ms 40ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 97.2MB 4933ms 50ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 6.4ms 207.2MB 217ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 258ms 3.7ms 25.7MB 263ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 1985ms 41ms 547.4MB 5130ms 257ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 3266ms 10ms 38.3MB 3233ms 20ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 4383ms 23ms 37.6MB 4340ms 27ms ruby 3.4.4

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 351ms 1.9ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 2.0ms 49.2MB 487ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 2.rb 835ms 11ms 315.3MB 1080ms 117ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 2.rb timeout 0.0ms 12.8MB 4983ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 2.rb timeout 0.0ms 13.5MB 4980ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 38ms 0.7ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 118ms 1.1ms 49.4MB 167ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 2-m.rb 323ms 13ms 309.9MB 563ms 123ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 2.rb 1026ms 2.7ms 13.5MB 1007ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 2.rb 2901ms 120ms 12.8MB 2887ms 0ms ruby 3.4.4

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3717ms 19ms 358.9MB 4580ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.9MB 3970ms 1520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5110ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 46.4MB 4923ms 63ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 130.8MB 4903ms 83ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 451.3MB 13403ms 393ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 983ms 36ms 353.7MB 1773ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1-m.rb 1666ms 261ms 414.4MB 4383ms 213ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 1783ms 63ms 130.9MB 1673ms 97ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 1814ms 58ms 130.3MB 1703ms 93ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 27.0MB 4003ms 1517ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.4MB 5110ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.4MB 5410ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5063ms 120ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 841ms 4.2ms 134.6MB 1283ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3213ms 39ms 51.1MB 3283ms 77ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3074ms 30ms 231.8MB 4047ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 987ms 13ms 231.9MB 1760ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21