Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS D benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Feb 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 469ms 5.8ms 575.8MB 550ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1779ms 2.9ms 312.5MB 1747ms 33ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 2563ms 15ms 314.0MB 2717ms 53ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 3056ms 54ms 248.5MB 5070ms 700ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 99ms 0.6ms 158.3MB 107ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 163ms 0.8ms 208.7MB 133ms 13ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 224ms 4.1ms 210.7MB 193ms 13ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 270ms 4.6ms 28.5MB 430ms 60ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1773ms 358ms 242.2MB 6577ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2141ms 6.2ms 220.2MB 3003ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.5MB 4960ms 23ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.5MB 4967ms 20ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 6140ms 457ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 72.9MB 19063ms 127ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 404ms 0.7ms 32.8MB 1477ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 465ms 18ms 74.9MB 1057ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 683ms 4.2ms 10.8MB 820ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 912ms 14ms 99.8MB 3203ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1000ms 15ms 8.4MB 987ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1350ms 2.3ms 10.5MB 1327ms 13ms dmd 2.106.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.7ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 2.2ms 0.1ms 4.9MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.1ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 58ms 4.5ms 47.3MB 58ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2-m.d 3.4ms 5.9ms 18.5MB 405ms 710ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1030ms 1.0ms 18.3MB 393ms 690ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 1032ms 3.0ms 25.3MB 553ms 677ms dmd 2.106.1
d 1.d 1036ms 0.9ms 22.0MB 533ms 700ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 3188ms 2764ms 353.0MB 15630ms 2370ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.5MB 16613ms 2393ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1009ms 0.3ms 22.3MB 50ms 140ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 1012ms 2.4ms 25.3MB 80ms 133ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2.d 1012ms 2.6ms 20.6MB 63ms 130ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 1014ms 3.0ms 23.4MB 77ms 130ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 2166ms 328ms 250.2MB 3897ms 460ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2399ms 24ms 215.3MB 6757ms 710ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 59ms 1.4ms 15.8MB 57ms 13ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 235ms 1.6ms 22.9MB 237ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 829ms 56ms 212.4MB 2217ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 454ms 1.5ms 139.1MB 427ms 30ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2357ms 60ms 1045.0MB 5193ms 157ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 2.d 2447ms 6.1ms 158.3MB 2457ms 40ms dmd 2.106.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 130ms 1.5ms 5.8MB 120ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 175ms 2.6ms 7.8MB 160ms 7ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 179ms 1.1ms 94.8MB 310ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 199ms 5.9ms 100.7MB 413ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 303ms 2.6ms 7.8MB 433ms 10ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 507ms 10ms 7.8MB 607ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 302ms 3.3ms 212.9MB 523ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 326ms 4.4ms 204.4MB 440ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 373ms 2.0ms 4.1MB 360ms 13ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 508ms 1.6ms 7.8MB 497ms 10ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 2.kt 911ms 18ms 7.8MB 1313ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1534ms 5.9ms 7.8MB 1860ms 30ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 57ms 1.4ms 5.8MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 81ms 0.6ms 7.8MB 77ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 2.kt 141ms 2.9ms 5.8MB 193ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 143ms 4.2ms 90.6MB 260ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 158ms 11ms 95.6MB 307ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 180ms 1.3ms 5.8MB 237ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 352ms 3.1ms 677.8MB 383ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 976ms 4.9ms 312.5MB 930ms 43ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1499ms 16ms 136.6MB 2307ms 317ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 1649ms 16ms 314.4MB 1770ms 37ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 129ms 0.4ms 206.5MB 147ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 205ms 2.4ms 312.7MB 163ms 27ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 322ms 2.9ms 314.4MB 293ms 17ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 323ms 19ms 40.4MB 467ms 77ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 359ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 361ms 0.8ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1n.kt 406ms 3.4ms 4.6MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 442ms 1.8ms 49.2MB 497ms 7ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 673ms 1.2ms 4.4MB 660ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
d 2.d 2011ms 6.9ms 4.5MB 2000ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 39ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 2.d 39ms 0.4ms 2.9MB 27ms 0ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1n.kt 44ms 0.9ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 71ms 1.0ms 4.5MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 120ms 0.3ms 49.4MB 167ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 2.d 206ms 3.5ms 4.4MB 193ms 0ms dmd 2.106.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2398ms 6.8ms 8.1MB 2340ms 393ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1.kt 3719ms 43ms 355.7MB 4563ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 4263ms 7.9ms 10.1MB 4213ms 427ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.5MB 6490ms 283ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4980ms 173ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 578ms 1.2ms 8.0MB 550ms 97ms ldc2 1.36.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 976ms 35ms 353.3MB 1717ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1015ms 2.9ms 10.0MB 1003ms 87ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6410ms 283ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5020ms 130ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 601ms 7.0ms 172.0MB 777ms 20ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 3.d 1276ms 0.9ms 174.9MB 1450ms 37ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.0MB 5387ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.0MB 4880ms 1073ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 67ms 1.4ms 23.6MB 70ms 3ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 3.d 138ms 4.7ms 27.5MB 150ms 3ms dmd 2.106.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 825ms 28ms 134.0MB 1250ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3285ms 241ms 65.0MB 4160ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3058ms 41ms 233.9MB 3943ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 4839ms 54ms 4.0MB 4823ms 303ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.4MB 4977ms 243ms dmd 2.106.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 975ms 45ms 233.6MB 1800ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1210ms 4.9ms 3.9MB 1197ms 80ms ldc2 1.36.0
d 1.d 2023ms 5.4ms 6.3MB 2027ms 73ms dmd 2.106.1