Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Sep 30 2022, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][2 cores] Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8272CL CPU @ 2.60GHz (Model 85)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 716ms 12ms 412.1MB 710ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 2.java 766ms 12ms 414.2MB 733ms 123ms openjdk 20
java 2.java 785ms 6.1ms 409.0MB 753ms 127ms openjdk 19
java 2.java 804ms 24ms 683.4MB 853ms 203ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 2.java 1479ms 49ms 1081.8MB 1013ms 687ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 146ms 16ms 109.7MB 123ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 2.java 179ms 6.1ms 109.2MB 173ms 30ms openjdk 19
java 2.java 185ms 15ms 110.9MB 183ms 27ms openjdk 20
java 2.java 210ms 21ms 165.1MB 253ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 2.java 345ms 11ms 240.4MB 183ms 193ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1-m.kt 489ms 15ms 30.4MB 783ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 2801ms 185ms 163.4MB 5257ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 3103ms 41ms 154.5MB 3897ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1-m.java 3298ms 52ms 201.3MB 6173ms 120ms openjdk 19
java 1-m.java 4199ms 57ms 944.9MB 7373ms 620ms openjdk/zgc 19
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk 20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 715ms 68ms 112.9MB 1240ms 53ms openjdk 19
kotlin 1-m.kt 730ms 3.1ms 95.7MB 1267ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1-m.java 816ms 116ms 107.2MB 1427ms 53ms openjdk 20
kotlin 2-m.kt 901ms 23ms 32.6MB 1610ms 30ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
java 1-m.java 977ms 78ms 302.2MB 1567ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 2-m.kt 1033ms 88ms 105.9MB 1860ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 1124ms 11ms 8.8MB 1280ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3.1ms 1.1ms 1.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 1.kt 70ms 3.2ms 41.0MB 48ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1.java 77ms 2.0ms 58.0MB 70ms 14ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 1.java 83ms 3.5ms 40.6MB 80ms 10ms openjdk 20
java 1.java 89ms 4.9ms 40.5MB 78ms 10ms openjdk 19
java 1.java 136ms 2.5ms 39.9MB 80ms 68ms openjdk/zgc 19

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 2534ms 51ms 199.2MB 3670ms 320ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2727ms 118ms 180.6MB 4110ms 330ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1160ms 10.0ms 204.6MB 1933ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 4300ms 36ms 1104.1MB 6223ms 383ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 245ms 1.4ms 112.5MB 343ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 255ms 2.6ms 109.3MB 300ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt 446ms 4.7ms 42.5MB 650ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 419ms 2.7ms 125.4MB 507ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 486ms 1.1ms 138.2MB 540ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt 1400ms 17ms 109.1MB 2043ms 43ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 184ms 1.7ms 74.2MB 250ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 196ms 7.5ms 78.7MB 277ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 227ms 2.9ms 28.5MB 350ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 529ms 3.3ms 286.5MB 503ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1.java 575ms 8.1ms 294.1MB 597ms 87ms openjdk 20
java 1.java 600ms 16ms 365.9MB 607ms 97ms openjdk 19
java 1.java 681ms 58ms 366.4MB 847ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 1.java 1088ms 1.8ms 733.5MB 740ms 500ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1.kt 3050ms 5.6ms 138.6MB 4407ms 40ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 203ms 2.0ms 221.7MB 170ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1.java 245ms 3.0ms 174.2MB 243ms 63ms openjdk 19
java 1.java 246ms 3.9ms 173.9MB 263ms 43ms openjdk 20
java 1-m.java 301ms 4.0ms 244.5MB 420ms 77ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 1.java 465ms 8.9ms 325.2MB 287ms 230ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1.kt 579ms 11ms 38.6MB 833ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 586ms 6.5ms 87.4MB 627ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 1.java 638ms 5.0ms 44.2MB 647ms 20ms openjdk 19
java 1.java 643ms 3.3ms 42.4MB 650ms 23ms openjdk 20
kotlin 1.kt 646ms 2.2ms 42.8MB 653ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt 686ms 8.1ms 1.2MB 670ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
java 1.java 705ms 4.7ms 42.0MB 663ms 73ms openjdk/zgc 19
java 2.java 2299ms 9.1ms 534.4MB 2290ms 163ms openjdk 20
java 2.java 2309ms 29ms 487.1MB 2310ms 157ms openjdk 19
java 2.java 3386ms 50ms 1654.7MB 2387ms 1197ms openjdk/zgc 19

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 71ms 2.0ms 1.2MB 60ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 1.kt 150ms 0.4ms 42.8MB 153ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1.java 157ms 3.9ms 42.3MB 170ms 10ms openjdk 19
java 1.java 157ms 4.7ms 42.7MB 170ms 20ms openjdk 20
java 1.java 157ms 3.0ms 87.9MB 203ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 1.java 214ms 4.5ms 43.5MB 183ms 63ms openjdk/zgc 19
java 2.java 480ms 11ms 354.0MB 527ms 93ms openjdk 20
java 2.java 482ms 9.4ms 345.0MB 523ms 103ms openjdk 19
java 2.java 802ms 2.3ms 484.3MB 590ms 367ms openjdk/zgc 19

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk 19
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk 20
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 1515ms 17ms 317.7MB 1813ms 113ms openjdk 19
java 1.java 1529ms 15ms 309.2MB 1803ms 107ms openjdk 20
java 1.java 1564ms 6.5ms 384.4MB 1910ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
kotlin 1.kt 1568ms 14ms 212.9MB 1933ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 1.java 2102ms 48ms 967.5MB 1730ms 713ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk 19
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk 20
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3.java 1005ms 4.4ms 109.9MB 1327ms 43ms openjdk 19
java 3.java 1009ms 12ms 113.9MB 1327ms 47ms openjdk 20
kotlin 1.kt 1013ms 18ms 95.9MB 1387ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
java 3.java 1023ms 47ms 189.9MB 1433ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.4
java 3.java 1145ms 36ms 159.8MB 1283ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 19
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 4536ms 19ms 183.2MB 5437ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1381ms 9.6ms 183.5MB 2153ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2