Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS Nim benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 500ms 16ms 578.4MB 597ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
nim 2.nim 685ms 7.3ms 36.3MB 667ms 7ms nim 2.2.4
nim 2.nim 978ms 54ms 35.2MB 957ms 3ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt 3911ms 6.4ms 143.8MB 4087ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 2.nim 64ms 2.2ms 6.9MB 53ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 2.nim 93ms 1.9ms 5.8MB 80ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.1ms 159.5MB 143ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 203ms 6.2ms 17.3MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 6.nim 571ms 7.7ms 4.5MB 557ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 6.nim 649ms 37ms 3.3MB 640ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 1822ms 185ms 234.2MB 6767ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2180ms 5.5ms 221.2MB 3010ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4271ms 80ms 21.5MB 14227ms 520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
nim 5.nim 4637ms 30ms 7.6MB 4613ms 10ms nim 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5510ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
nim 1.nim timeout 0.0ms 575.6MB 2617ms 1907ms nim 2.2.4
nim 3.nim timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 4987ms 3ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim timeout 0.0ms 575.9MB 2610ms 1913ms nim/clang 2.2.4
nim 3.nim timeout 0.0ms 7.0MB 4983ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
nim 5.nim timeout 0.0ms 5.9MB 4970ms 13ms nim/clang 2.2.4

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 6.nim 38ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 6.nim 43ms 1.2ms 2.1MB 37ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 247ms 1.8ms 21.6MB 840ms 37ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
nim 5.nim 273ms 3.3ms 4.0MB 260ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 5.nim 336ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 320ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.0ms 17.4MB 397ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 473ms 2.3ms 74.2MB 1100ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 861ms 25ms 96.7MB 3007ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
nim 3.nim 884ms 14ms 5.3MB 873ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 3.nim 899ms 4.6ms 4.0MB 887ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 4094ms 14ms 519.8MB 2130ms 1533ms nim/clang 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 4098ms 7.4ms 519.7MB 2143ms 1530ms nim 2.2.4

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 1.nim 1.1ms 0.0ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 1.6ms 0.2ms 2.6MB 0ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 61ms 0.9ms 47.6MB 74ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 2407ms 2407ms 418.1MB 10360ms 1773ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 420.7MB 16243ms 2813ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 2079ms 169ms 257.4MB 6020ms 580ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2107ms 35ms 231.9MB 5390ms 557ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 702ms 36ms 168.7MB 1873ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1801ms 57ms 690.0MB 4283ms 153ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 2.nim 104ms 1.0ms 2.6MB 97ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 2.nim 110ms 2.5ms 1.9MB 103ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 2.kt 171ms 9.2ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 194ms 4.6ms 95.0MB 323ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 206ms 5.2ms 102.2MB 433ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 357ms 1.0ms 12.4MB 360ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
nim 1.nim timeout 0.0ms 2.6MB 4990ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim timeout 0.0ms 1.5MB 4990ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 2.nim 306ms 2.9ms 2.6MB 300ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 315ms 6.1ms 212.8MB 547ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
nim 2.nim 324ms 3.6ms 1.6MB 313ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt 338ms 2.0ms 202.9MB 467ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 473ms 5.4ms 12.4MB 500ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1048ms 9.4ms 12.4MB 1077ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
nim 1.nim timeout 0.0ms 2.6MB 4990ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim timeout 0.0ms 1.5MB 4990ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 2.nim 45ms 0.1ms 2.6MB 40ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 2.nim 49ms 1.5ms 1.5MB 40ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 90ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 1.5ms 12.8MB 113ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 0.7ms 90.8MB 290ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 171ms 14ms 96.5MB 377ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
nim 1.nim 364ms 4.5ms 2.6MB 353ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 495ms 19ms 1.5MB 487ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.6ms 680.7MB 433ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
nim 1.nim 460ms 6.9ms 36.3MB 443ms 10ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 629ms 11ms 35.2MB 610ms 3ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt 1880ms 15ms 89.9MB 1963ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 1.nim 95ms 2.9ms 11.0MB 83ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 134ms 0.8ms 9.9MB 123ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 154ms 0.3ms 207.3MB 210ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 268ms 4.1ms 25.6MB 273ms 13ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 2.nim 319ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 310ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 2.nim 343ms 2.4ms 2.0MB 333ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1n.kt 352ms 2.5ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 442ms 1.2ms 49.6MB 483ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 2.nim 34ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 2.nim 38ms 1.4ms 2.0MB 30ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 118ms 1.3ms 49.6MB 160ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3669ms 28ms 353.1MB 4487ms 113ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 3973ms 1500ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5110ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 957ms 5.5ms 357.3MB 1767ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.8MB 3970ms 1513ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5120ms 117ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 1.nim 1635ms 1.6ms 161.2MB 1603ms 17ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 1643ms 6.4ms 152.4MB 1610ms 17ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5063ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
nim 1.nim 173ms 1.2ms 19.7MB 160ms 0ms nim 2.2.4
nim 1.nim 173ms 1.9ms 17.6MB 160ms 0ms nim/clang 2.2.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 835ms 9.6ms 134.4MB 1263ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3210ms 31ms 51.1MB 3280ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3132ms 21ms 232.2MB 4037ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 981ms 52ms 231.2MB 1923ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21