Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS D benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Wed Jan 22 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 487ms 33ms 1217.6MB 527ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1725ms 4.6ms 312.6MB 1680ms 47ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2672ms 23ms 314.9MB 2857ms 43ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 3121ms 31ms 248.4MB 5273ms 667ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 99ms 1.2ms 158.3MB 103ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 161ms 3.0ms 209.0MB 130ms 17ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 231ms 1.5ms 210.0MB 197ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 266ms 1.2ms 28.5MB 413ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1809ms 268ms 235.5MB 6717ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2109ms 6.9ms 219.7MB 2923ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.8MB 4967ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.4MB 4970ms 17ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 6100ms 460ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 69.5MB 18963ms 130ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 386ms 11ms 54.6MB 1410ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 463ms 6.2ms 73.9MB 1070ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 675ms 7.0ms 10.7MB 803ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 742ms 27ms 99.3MB 2503ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1001ms 2.3ms 8.4MB 967ms 23ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1314ms 23ms 10.5MB 1290ms 13ms dmd 2.109.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.7ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2.0ms 0.2ms 5.0MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1.kt 2.4ms 0.5ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 54ms 6.4ms 47.4MB 54ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 807ms 1397ms 456.2MB 10660ms 1630ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 393.0MB 16180ms 2813ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 2185ms 260ms 239.6MB 4107ms 410ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2220ms 269ms 241.0MB 6507ms 647ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2-m.d 68ms 20ms 15.8MB 57ms 57ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 241ms 2.6ms 23.2MB 247ms 17ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 832ms 44ms 198.9MB 2267ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 450ms 3.5ms 141.5MB 417ms 37ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2318ms 66ms 1048.1MB 5023ms 170ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 2.d 2501ms 11ms 158.3MB 2507ms 40ms dmd 2.109.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 124ms 1.2ms 5.9MB 113ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 177ms 0.9ms 94.9MB 293ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 180ms 2.6ms 7.9MB 170ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 197ms 4.0ms 102.2MB 413ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 305ms 3.4ms 7.8MB 437ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 521ms 19ms 7.8MB 623ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 317ms 11ms 213.0MB 513ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 325ms 3.6ms 202.9MB 443ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 359ms 6.0ms 5.8MB 357ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 521ms 2.1ms 7.8MB 517ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 2.kt 907ms 26ms 7.8MB 1293ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1564ms 31ms 7.9MB 1900ms 33ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 55ms 1.6ms 5.8MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 88ms 15ms 5.9MB 67ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 141ms 6.8ms 90.5MB 270ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 141ms 4.0ms 5.7MB 193ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 152ms 8.3ms 93.7MB 300ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 178ms 5.5ms 5.9MB 230ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 1.7ms 679.6MB 383ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 931ms 5.5ms 312.4MB 897ms 33ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1514ms 66ms 136.5MB 2323ms 343ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 1752ms 41ms 314.8MB 1887ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 127ms 2.3ms 208.6MB 157ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 194ms 3.6ms 312.7MB 150ms 33ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 302ms 3.5ms 40.6MB 430ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 337ms 4.7ms 314.8MB 300ms 27ms dmd 2.109.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 359ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 347ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 359ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1n.kt 405ms 5.4ms 4.7MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 4.4ms 49.6MB 483ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 679ms 2.8ms 4.6MB 667ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 2012ms 3.9ms 4.6MB 2000ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 38ms 0.3ms 2.9MB 27ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 39ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1n.kt 46ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 71ms 1.1ms 4.6MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1.kt 120ms 1.7ms 49.7MB 160ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 2.d 204ms 0.8ms 4.6MB 190ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2407ms 6.6ms 8.0MB 2363ms 383ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1.kt 3713ms 77ms 353.7MB 4497ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 4341ms 5.4ms 10.2MB 4200ms 520ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6367ms 257ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4983ms 173ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 577ms 4.7ms 8.1MB 557ms 97ms ldc2 1.40.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1005ms 20ms 353.8MB 1740ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1057ms 7.4ms 10.2MB 1050ms 160ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.3MB 6397ms 293ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.3MB 5003ms 153ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 574ms 1.2ms 171.6MB 757ms 23ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 3.d 1293ms 4.0ms 174.3MB 1480ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.6MB 5427ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.1MB 5003ms 860ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 74ms 17ms 26.4MB 83ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 3.d 136ms 0.8ms 27.0MB 147ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 836ms 29ms 134.6MB 1223ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3337ms 226ms 65.0MB 4233ms 10ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3090ms 36ms 231.3MB 3953ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 4766ms 8.8ms 4.0MB 4717ms 353ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.6MB 4967ms 257ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 950ms 29ms 231.2MB 1920ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
d 1.d 1214ms 17ms 4.0MB 1190ms 113ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2028ms 15ms 6.6MB 2030ms 83ms dmd 2.109.1