Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Kotlin VS C# benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Mar 29 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 492ms 35ms 1223.9MB 553ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 936ms 4.1ms 186.8MB 927ms 150ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 1043ms 56ms 186.1MB 1020ms 140ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 1768ms 82ms 102.0MB 1990ms 220ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3082ms 15ms 246.4MB 5163ms 690ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 104ms 0.8ms 160.3MB 113ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 121ms 1.8ms 32.6MB 83ms 33ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 152ms 5.0ms 44.1MB 130ms 13ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 204ms 10ms 53.0MB 160ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 276ms 9.6ms 30.3MB 443ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1734ms 92ms 234.6MB 6420ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2168ms 9.4ms 222.7MB 3003ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1-m.cs 2184ms 61ms 51.4MB 7633ms 77ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1-m.cs 2802ms 47ms 74.2MB 9787ms 97ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 12.9MB 6077ms 487ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 117.1MB 18960ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1-m.cs 151ms 2.8ms 18.2MB 453ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1-m.cs 273ms 15ms 36.9MB 770ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 2-m.kt 426ms 4.7ms 25.0MB 1567ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 474ms 4.8ms 76.6MB 1057ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 689ms 16ms 8.8MB 813ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 780ms 21ms 100.6MB 2703ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.6MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 9.1ms 3.9ms 9.8MB 0ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 31ms 1.0ms 21.3MB 20ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 35ms 0.9ms 26.3MB 18ms 8ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt 52ms 0.7ms 47.2MB 62ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-http2.cs 513ms 1.7ms 108.8MB 730ms 153ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 2-m.cs 584ms 28ms 137.0MB 737ms 523ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 2-http3.cs 680ms 12ms 145.9MB 1130ms 243ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1-m.cs 740ms 18ms 170.5MB 1157ms 727ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 2-m.kt 4775ms 56ms 442.2MB 14967ms 2663ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 391.3MB 16150ms 2790ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-m.cs 361ms 3.7ms 87.3MB 390ms 197ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1-m.cs 395ms 4.4ms 97.2MB 530ms 230ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 2-http2.cs 439ms 6.2ms 86.0MB 483ms 97ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 2-http3.cs 495ms 2.0ms 94.2MB 587ms 113ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 2114ms 204ms 206.1MB 5923ms 717ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2322ms 100ms 242.4MB 5993ms 683ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 302ms 4.2ms 68.7MB 270ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 774ms 76ms 143.4MB 790ms 80ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 835ms 90ms 208.3MB 2240ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 1491ms 6.1ms 234.1MB 1633ms 87ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 2326ms 37ms 834.4MB 5107ms 183ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 2686ms 63ms 745.4MB 3240ms 437ms dotnet 9.0.202

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 99ms 2.2ms 10.0MB 83ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 2.cs 148ms 2.5ms 21.1MB 137ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 183ms 4.3ms 96.4MB 297ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 3.5ms 105.0MB 417ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 253ms 6.8ms 29.5MB 237ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 2.kt 306ms 5.2ms 5.8MB 433ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 513ms 4.5ms 5.9MB 613ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 1055ms 14ms 13.3MB 1030ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 1320ms 22ms 33.1MB 1303ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 3366ms 16ms 45.5MB 3320ms 33ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 272ms 3.2ms 10.0MB 257ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
kotlin 2-m.kt 312ms 12ms 214.5MB 533ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 329ms 7.5ms 204.7MB 423ms 53ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 362ms 3.0ms 22.7MB 350ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 400ms 1.6ms 29.4MB 380ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 2.kt 909ms 6.8ms 5.9MB 1307ms 47ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1558ms 23ms 5.9MB 1883ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 3130ms 20ms 13.3MB 3103ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 3642ms 24ms 32.9MB 3630ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 45.6MB 4947ms 47ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 53ms 1.2ms 9.9MB 40ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 2.cs 93ms 2.5ms 23.2MB 80ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 2.kt 140ms 1.7ms 3.6MB 193ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 140ms 7.2ms 92.4MB 263ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 162ms 16ms 95.6MB 337ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 164ms 3.2ms 29.3MB 147ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt 170ms 1.5ms 3.8MB 213ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 1626ms 6.1ms 32.8MB 1617ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 1807ms 5.4ms 13.1MB 1790ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 1820ms 10ms 28.7MB 1807ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 360ms 8.1ms 681.4MB 397ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 566ms 6.2ms 123.7MB 513ms 90ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 603ms 14ms 150.0MB 553ms 120ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 2.cs 683ms 21ms 135.9MB 640ms 97ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 780ms 24ms 163.5MB 717ms 137ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 1338ms 54ms 140.0MB 1567ms 160ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1499ms 4.3ms 134.5MB 2283ms 337ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 130ms 2.8ms 208.5MB 157ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 138ms 6.8ms 57.0MB 110ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 154ms 7.0ms 74.7MB 117ms 53ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 2.cs 258ms 1.2ms 74.8MB 233ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 267ms 1.6ms 69.5MB 237ms 33ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 285ms 10ms 91.3MB 237ms 67ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 312ms 4.3ms 38.5MB 460ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 9.cs 359ms 1.0ms 27.5MB 340ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 8.cs 372ms 0.3ms 9.8MB 360ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
kotlin 1n.kt 413ms 3.0ms 2.6MB 403ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 8.cs 427ms 7.6ms 27.6MB 403ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt 447ms 1.8ms 49.3MB 490ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 1248ms 2.7ms 20.8MB 1233ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 45ms 1.9ms 2.6MB 40ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 8.cs 47ms 1.0ms 9.9MB 33ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 9.cs 92ms 0.8ms 27.6MB 73ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 8.cs 99ms 5.1ms 27.8MB 80ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 120ms 0.4ms 49.6MB 163ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 165ms 1.1ms 22.5MB 150ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 3225ms 18ms 13.9MB 3120ms 100ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 3546ms 1.9ms 38.0MB 3570ms 110ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt 3753ms 45ms 355.1MB 4627ms 110ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.5MB 6320ms 267ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 5000ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 759ms 2.6ms 13.4MB 720ms 27ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 983ms 4.6ms 37.9MB 1067ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 983ms 29ms 355.6MB 1763ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.5MB 6270ms 273ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 5010ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 1756ms 6.4ms 418.5MB 1660ms 147ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 5.cs 2077ms 15ms 447.0MB 2130ms 187ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 6.cs 2732ms 45ms 438.4MB 2687ms 183ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 5.cs 4299ms 17ms 418.9MB 4193ms 153ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.2MB 5393ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.0MB 5430ms 493ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 190ms 3.8ms 47.6MB 163ms 17ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 5.cs 292ms 5.1ms 72.7MB 263ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 6.cs 387ms 1.4ms 70.0MB 350ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.202
csharp 5.cs 441ms 5.4ms 47.3MB 420ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 807ms 4.6ms 134.0MB 1223ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3182ms 11ms 63.1MB 3923ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 2851ms 10.0ms 13.1MB 2817ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
csharp 1.cs 2967ms 19ms 35.6MB 3027ms 43ms dotnet 9.0.202
kotlin 1.kt 3130ms 52ms 233.8MB 4123ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 720ms 4.3ms 13.0MB 700ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.202
kotlin 1-m.kt 984ms 32ms 232.4MB 1807ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 1005ms 7.9ms 35.8MB 1087ms 23ms dotnet 9.0.202