Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

D VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Jul 13 2023, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][2 cores] Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8370C CPU @ 2.80GHz (Model 106)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 639ms 9.7ms 412.9MB 660ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 2245ms 7.0ms 312.3MB 2157ms 90ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 3381ms 23ms 314.1MB 3427ms 87ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 222.5MB 8533ms 983ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 132ms 9.9ms 109.4MB 123ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 248ms 1.3ms 206.3MB 187ms 47ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 343ms 1.5ms 209.2MB 263ms 60ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 458ms 8.4ms 30.6MB 813ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2859ms 35ms 159.4MB 3670ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 3154ms 425ms 183.1MB 5987ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 14.9MB 4977ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 14.6MB 4963ms 13ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.8MB 6413ms 250ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 33.2MB 9280ms 163ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 691ms 31ms 100.3MB 1217ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 875ms 33ms 25.1MB 1567ms 33ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 1011ms 63ms 97.7MB 1837ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 1033ms 12ms 8.8MB 1310ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 1328ms 8.0ms 8.3MB 1313ms 3ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 1594ms 11ms 10.3MB 1580ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3810ms 0.7ms 7.9MB 3800ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 4427ms 5.5ms 9.7MB 4410ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 650ms 0.6ms 6.9MB 640ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 799ms 0.5ms 9.7MB 783ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 764ms 7.7ms 1.6MB 1467ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1-i.d 1437ms 2.6ms 1.5MB 1423ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2-im.d 2472ms 20ms 1.6MB 4823ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 4308ms 0.9ms 1.5MB 4297ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2-i.d 4780ms 2.9ms 1.5MB 4767ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 4942ms 3.0ms 2.9MB 4927ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 2.8MB 4987ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1-im.d timeout 0.0ms 2.9MB 9707ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 2.9MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 2.9MB 9800ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 73ms 0.7ms 1.6MB 120ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1-i.d 122ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2-im.d 215ms 5.5ms 3.1MB 390ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 360ms 1.7ms 1.5MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2-i.d 395ms 0.5ms 1.5MB 380ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 413ms 1.0ms 2.8MB 403ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1-im.d 428ms 2.0ms 4.6MB 803ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1-i.d 807ms 0.7ms 2.7MB 797ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2-im.d 885ms 158ms 4.9MB 1530ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2-i.d 1438ms 0.3ms 2.8MB 1423ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 226ms 3.2ms 28.8MB 207ms 3ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 761ms 1.2ms 40.3MB 747ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 26ms 1.1ms 7.1MB 20ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 80ms 0.8ms 12.6MB 67ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2.1ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 2.7ms 0.7ms 4.8MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt 65ms 4.9ms 40.9MB 50ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 20.5MB 590ms 427ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2.d timeout 0.0ms 17.7MB 620ms 405ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.4MB 380ms 425ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 430ms 390ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 287.7MB 8840ms 760ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 297.3MB 8820ms 700ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 2423ms 55ms 184.2MB 2593ms 177ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2619ms 165ms 185.2MB 4190ms 313ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 17.9MB 10ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2.d timeout 0.0ms 19.4MB 77ms 40ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.4MB 50ms 80ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 70ms 70ms ldc2 1.32.2

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 76ms 2.3ms 15.4MB 73ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d 340ms 0.8ms 22.1MB 330ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 1007ms 43ms 214.8MB 1637ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 613ms 4.6ms 141.7MB 570ms 30ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d 3697ms 8.0ms 155.8MB 3720ms 30ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 3845ms 236ms 980.4MB 5927ms 230ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 1038ms 4.1ms 60.7MB 1817ms 17ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1-m.d 4015ms 70ms 53.4MB 7140ms 17ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 134ms 3.5ms 38.6MB 217ms 10ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1-m.d 424ms 16ms 44.6MB 733ms 10ms dmd 2.104.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 176ms 1.5ms 3.8MB 167ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 227ms 2.7ms 113.7MB 337ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 255ms 0.2ms 5.9MB 243ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt 257ms 15ms 113.5MB 333ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 455ms 11ms 7.9MB 673ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 910ms 6.2ms 6.0MB 1087ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 367ms 4.1ms 126.9MB 457ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 459ms 1.4ms 132.3MB 493ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 511ms 1.6ms 3.7MB 500ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 754ms 2.8ms 5.6MB 743ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 1357ms 15ms 7.5MB 2073ms 30ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 2721ms 30ms 6.6MB 3223ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 75ms 1.0ms 3.8MB 60ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 111ms 0.1ms 5.4MB 100ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt 180ms 11ms 75.9MB 233ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 181ms 1.5ms 78.5MB 263ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 226ms 3.1ms 5.1MB 367ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 253ms 9.0ms 4.2MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 570ms 0.4ms 6.6MB 560ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 2563ms 3.9ms 8.0MB 2550ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 26ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 17ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 122ms 24ms 4.4MB 110ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 451ms 3.4ms 285.9MB 453ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 1260ms 5.4ms 312.3MB 1167ms 90ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 2301ms 18ms 313.7MB 2297ms 80ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 2659ms 202ms 142.4MB 4287ms 450ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 178ms 0.4ms 221.7MB 157ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 339ms 2.9ms 312.4MB 223ms 100ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 474ms 3.2ms 38.4MB 753ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
d 1.d 555ms 2.9ms 314.2MB 460ms 80ms dmd 2.104.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 413ms 0.6ms 1.5MB 400ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d 424ms 0.0ms 1.5MB 413ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1n.kt 532ms 5.2ms 1.5MB 517ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 576ms 4.4ms 42.8MB 577ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 1542ms 2.9ms 2.8MB 1530ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2.d 2291ms 1.1ms 2.9MB 2280ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 44ms 0.7ms 1.6MB 33ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d 45ms 0.3ms 1.5MB 37ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1n.kt 55ms 0.1ms 1.5MB 50ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 148ms 2.5ms 43.4MB 150ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 157ms 0.7ms 2.9MB 147ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2.d 237ms 6.9ms 2.9MB 220ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 562ms 13ms 43.1MB 537ms 10ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 607ms 7.4ms 75.9MB 587ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2.d 894ms 1.5ms 48.2MB 870ms 13ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d 1533ms 3.0ms 50.2MB 1513ms 7ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 128ms 3.5ms 13.9MB 117ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 139ms 1.0ms 23.8MB 127ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 2.d 212ms 0.9ms 15.0MB 200ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 2.d 380ms 1.6ms 17.3MB 363ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3471ms 19ms 7.9MB 3450ms 17ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 9.9MB 4983ms 7ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 235.7MB 5407ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 22.7MB 6417ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5040ms 90ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 827ms 1.5ms 7.9MB 813ms 3ms ldc2 1.32.2
kotlin 1.kt 1452ms 7.6ms 216.7MB 1817ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 1739ms 3.6ms 9.9MB 1727ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 6497ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.6MB 5027ms 107ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 745ms 1.0ms 167.7MB 953ms 50ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 3.d 1588ms 2.9ms 170.2MB 1823ms 40ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 161.2MB 5350ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.0MB 5783ms 483ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 78ms 0.5ms 22.5MB 93ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 3.d 166ms 1.5ms 27.9MB 173ms 3ms dmd 2.104.1
kotlin 1.kt 1078ms 2.1ms 91.3MB 1450ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt 4483ms 22ms 65.0MB 5897ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 4481ms 28ms 182.3MB 5390ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.4MB 4987ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 3.9MB 4980ms 10ms ldc2 1.32.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1367ms 9.6ms 185.2MB 2133ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
d 1.d 1431ms 6.6ms 3.9MB 1420ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 3272ms 38ms 6.2MB 3260ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 4286ms 2.3ms 3.8MB 4270ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 4780ms 4.8ms 5.3MB 4770ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1074ms 0.2ms 3.6MB 1063ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 1199ms 0.9ms 5.1MB 1183ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 272ms 0.5ms 3.0MB 260ms 0ms ldc2 1.32.2
d 1.d 304ms 0.4ms 5.0MB 290ms 0ms dmd 2.104.1