Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

D VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Dec 31 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1267ms 4.6ms 64.3MB 1247ms 7ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 1655ms 6.5ms 312.8MB 1623ms 40ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2539ms 16ms 314.8MB 2723ms 37ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 102ms 0.9ms 11.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 153ms 3.5ms 208.1MB 123ms 13ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 218ms 2.9ms 209.9MB 190ms 13ms dmd 2.109.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1297ms 25ms 20.1MB 1213ms 63ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.5MB 4973ms 17ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.6MB 4960ms 23ms ldc2 1.40.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 69ms 2.7ms 7.5MB 47ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 957ms 7.3ms 10.2MB 940ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1242ms 5.8ms 10.6MB 1223ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 2.4ms 6.6MB 37ms 7ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2428ms 28ms 8.1MB 2410ms 7ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2770ms 13ms 10.2MB 2760ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 21ms 0.3ms 5.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 432ms 6.9ms 8.1MB 420ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 501ms 0.5ms 10.2MB 493ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 366ms 4.6ms 6.9MB 1363ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-im.d 1052ms 12ms 6.9MB 4073ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-i.d 1410ms 2.6ms 2.9MB 1400ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 2357ms 18ms 3.0MB 2343ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2946ms 29ms 2.9MB 2937ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-i.d 3069ms 14ms 2.9MB 3057ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 3337ms 28ms 4.5MB 3330ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-im.d 4021ms 10ms 6.9MB 15707ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.5MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.6MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 8.8MB 19697ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 39ms 2.2ms 5.1MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-im.d 96ms 2.8ms 4.9MB 330ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-i.d 118ms 3.0ms 2.8MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 195ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 248ms 2.3ms 2.8MB 237ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-i.d 257ms 5.1ms 2.9MB 247ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 280ms 4.8ms 4.5MB 273ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-im.d 336ms 2.0ms 6.9MB 1270ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-im.d 502ms 2.9ms 6.9MB 1903ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-i.d 823ms 13ms 4.5MB 813ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-i.d 1343ms 11ms 4.5MB 1333ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 186ms 2.6ms 48.7MB 177ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 2.cr 515ms 7.3ms 3.4MB 413ms 90ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 590ms 10ms 42.2MB 573ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 693ms 6.0ms 14.7MB 553ms 127ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 22ms 0.2ms 10.5MB 17ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 2.cr 55ms 0.3ms 3.4MB 33ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 63ms 2.0ms 14.1MB 53ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 72ms 1.1ms 4.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.7ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2.2ms 0.1ms 5.0MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 54ms 0.8ms 15.7MB 47ms 13ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 236ms 19ms 22.9MB 233ms 40ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 431ms 7.9ms 141.3MB 410ms 20ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 2375ms 18ms 157.8MB 2370ms 50ms dmd 2.109.1

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 599ms 17ms 52.0MB 1927ms 17ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-m.d 1751ms 22ms 55.1MB 5230ms 17ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 93ms 10.0ms 39.2MB 233ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-m.d 183ms 8.9ms 44.1MB 557ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 35ms 1.9ms 3.1MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 62ms 2.8ms 3.1MB 50ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 115ms 1.1ms 5.9MB 100ms 10ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 169ms 2.3ms 8.1MB 160ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 94ms 2.9ms 3.1MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 173ms 1.9ms 3.1MB 163ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 348ms 14ms 6.1MB 330ms 43ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 505ms 9.6ms 7.8MB 487ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 17ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 28ms 0.6ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 50ms 1.2ms 4.0MB 43ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 78ms 2.3ms 8.1MB 67ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 284ms 2.4ms 7.5MB 270ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 300ms 7.0ms 9.2MB 287ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 1993ms 13ms 8.5MB 1980ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 14ms 0.5ms 3.1MB 10ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 16ms 0.1ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 86ms 1.7ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 756ms 9.3ms 81.6MB 727ms 13ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 894ms 6.6ms 312.8MB 857ms 37ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1665ms 7.6ms 314.0MB 1790ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 149ms 3.4ms 22.3MB 133ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 190ms 2.1ms 312.6MB 150ms 20ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 321ms 4.2ms 314.7MB 283ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 327ms 5.3ms 3.4MB 313ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 327ms 8.1ms 3.4MB 313ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 340ms 2.8ms 2.9MB 327ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 342ms 3.2ms 2.9MB 330ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 642ms 10ms 4.6MB 630ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 1931ms 36ms 4.6MB 1923ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 36ms 0.6ms 3.4MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 36ms 0.8ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 37ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 37ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 67ms 2.1ms 4.8MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 198ms 2.4ms 4.8MB 190ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 285ms 1.0ms 43.7MB 273ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 296ms 2.6ms 77.2MB 277ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 2.cr 327ms 5.2ms 8.4MB 313ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 348ms 6.2ms 43.1MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 2.d 798ms 3.1ms 47.7MB 777ms 10ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 1115ms 19ms 49.3MB 1100ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 58ms 2.9ms 13.7MB 47ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 62ms 1.1ms 23.9MB 47ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 74ms 2.1ms 13.3MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 82ms 1.0ms 4.6MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 2.d 196ms 2.3ms 15.7MB 177ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 274ms 1.6ms 17.6MB 260ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1879ms 34ms 6.5MB 1837ms 23ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2279ms 10ms 8.1MB 2257ms 343ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 4137ms 6.5ms 10.4MB 4090ms 407ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 415ms 2.5ms 5.4MB 403ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 556ms 21ms 8.1MB 560ms 100ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 983ms 5.3ms 10.2MB 927ms 133ms dmd 2.109.1

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 553ms 3.0ms 171.3MB 723ms 17ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 3.d 1264ms 9.1ms 173.4MB 1433ms 23ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 64ms 4.9ms 24.0MB 73ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 3.d 131ms 1.5ms 26.8MB 140ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 4529ms 4.4ms 4.0MB 4503ms 303ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.6MB 4983ms 247ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1140ms 11ms 4.0MB 1110ms 90ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1900ms 9.8ms 6.6MB 1893ms 83ms dmd 2.109.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3388ms 14ms 4.0MB 3377ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 3420ms 19ms 5.8MB 3410ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 3700ms 16ms 4.6MB 3683ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 854ms 19ms 3.5MB 840ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 859ms 2.7ms 5.3MB 847ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 933ms 19ms 4.5MB 923ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 214ms 0.7ms 3.1MB 200ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 223ms 4.2ms 4.8MB 213ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 237ms 1.8ms 4.0MB 223ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0