Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

D VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Dec 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1390ms 8.4ms 64.3MB 1363ms 7ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 1733ms 100ms 312.5MB 1707ms 33ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 2677ms 15ms 314.4MB 2853ms 47ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 108ms 0.6ms 11.1MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 157ms 1.1ms 208.7MB 130ms 13ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 235ms 9.2ms 209.9MB 203ms 13ms dmd 2.109.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1318ms 45ms 20.1MB 1233ms 67ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.1MB 4970ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.5MB 4960ms 27ms ldc2 1.39.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 77ms 1.0ms 7.5MB 50ms 13ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 1034ms 18ms 8.4MB 1010ms 10ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 1318ms 12ms 10.6MB 1300ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 60ms 2.2ms 6.6MB 40ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2550ms 21ms 8.0MB 2537ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 2923ms 8.2ms 10.5MB 2910ms 10ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.1ms 5.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 439ms 0.9ms 8.1MB 423ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 534ms 2.0ms 10.2MB 523ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 399ms 45ms 5.1MB 1410ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2-im.d 1114ms 10ms 5.1MB 4297ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1-i.d 1488ms 14ms 2.9MB 1480ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
crystal 1.cr 2494ms 6.2ms 3.0MB 2483ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 3139ms 35ms 2.9MB 3130ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2-i.d 3221ms 2.5ms 2.9MB 3210ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 3537ms 17ms 4.6MB 3523ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-im.d 4241ms 40ms 8.9MB 16490ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.5MB 4987ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.6MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 6.8MB 19780ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 40ms 1.9ms 5.1MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2-im.d 110ms 20ms 6.9MB 337ms 3ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1-i.d 124ms 0.4ms 2.8MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
crystal 1.cr 208ms 2.8ms 3.0MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 263ms 2.2ms 2.8MB 253ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2-i.d 266ms 0.8ms 2.8MB 260ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 296ms 2.0ms 4.5MB 287ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-im.d 359ms 0.1ms 8.9MB 1343ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-im.d 545ms 24ms 6.8MB 1990ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-i.d 860ms 8.9ms 4.5MB 850ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-i.d 1389ms 18ms 4.5MB 1377ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 196ms 1.3ms 33.2MB 177ms 7ms ldc2 1.39.0
crystal 2.cr 538ms 2.4ms 3.4MB 420ms 100ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 620ms 0.6ms 51.0MB 610ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 728ms 1.8ms 14.6MB 590ms 120ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 24ms 0.1ms 8.1MB 20ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
crystal 2.cr 59ms 0.9ms 3.4MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 67ms 1.4ms 10.1MB 53ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 76ms 0.1ms 4.5MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.14.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.4ms 0.8ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
crystal 1.cr 2.1ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2.2ms 0.4ms 5.0MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 59ms 0.4ms 15.7MB 57ms 3ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2.d 238ms 0.6ms 22.7MB 243ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 470ms 2.4ms 141.5MB 433ms 37ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2.d 2491ms 23ms 161.0MB 2517ms 23ms dmd 2.109.1

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 715ms 16ms 51.1MB 2293ms 20ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1-m.d 1907ms 5.2ms 61.4MB 5853ms 10ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 127ms 22ms 43.7MB 313ms 7ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1-m.d 223ms 7.0ms 43.9MB 627ms 17ms dmd 2.109.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 1.4ms 3.1MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 63ms 1.1ms 3.1MB 50ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 125ms 0.6ms 5.8MB 117ms 3ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 181ms 0.7ms 7.8MB 170ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 99ms 0.6ms 3.1MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 187ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 359ms 0.1ms 5.8MB 350ms 10ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 531ms 3.4ms 8.1MB 510ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.0ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 55ms 0.6ms 5.9MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 81ms 0.9ms 7.9MB 73ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 313ms 1.8ms 9.2MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 407ms 2.1ms 6.7MB 390ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 2343ms 397ms 9.3MB 2330ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.2ms 6.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 20ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 91ms 1.2ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 833ms 8.7ms 81.7MB 817ms 3ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 945ms 3.3ms 312.5MB 900ms 43ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 1727ms 10ms 314.5MB 1840ms 57ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 162ms 1.4ms 22.3MB 147ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 195ms 0.7ms 312.7MB 153ms 30ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 338ms 0.9ms 314.8MB 293ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 343ms 1.1ms 3.4MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 344ms 2.1ms 3.4MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 2.d 360ms 1.4ms 2.8MB 347ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 360ms 1.1ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 679ms 3.1ms 4.6MB 667ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 2034ms 49ms 4.6MB 2023ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 0.8ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 38ms 1.0ms 3.4MB 27ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 39ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2.d 39ms 0.1ms 2.8MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 71ms 0.3ms 4.6MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 208ms 1.2ms 4.6MB 200ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 315ms 3.8ms 77.2MB 293ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1.d 320ms 5.7ms 43.7MB 293ms 10ms ldc2 1.39.0
crystal 2.cr 349ms 3.6ms 8.3MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 1.cr 386ms 1.2ms 43.1MB 373ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 2.d 817ms 3.4ms 47.7MB 800ms 3ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2.d 1161ms 3.7ms 49.3MB 1140ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 65ms 1.0ms 13.7MB 53ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 67ms 1.7ms 24.0MB 57ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 82ms 1.2ms 13.3MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
crystal 2.cr 91ms 2.2ms 4.6MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 2.d 206ms 0.2ms 15.7MB 193ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 2.d 291ms 1.2ms 17.6MB 277ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2001ms 73ms 6.4MB 1963ms 20ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 2406ms 16ms 7.9MB 2367ms 377ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 4355ms 15ms 10.1MB 4377ms 377ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 454ms 18ms 5.2MB 440ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0
d 1.d 585ms 12ms 8.1MB 567ms 120ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 1036ms 3.9ms 10.2MB 1010ms 113ms dmd 2.109.1

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 646ms 60ms 170.7MB 847ms 20ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 3.d 1336ms 1.5ms 173.4MB 1517ms 23ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 71ms 4.6ms 26.6MB 80ms 3ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 3.d 144ms 4.9ms 28.3MB 153ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 4776ms 13ms 4.0MB 4740ms 333ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.4MB 4997ms 250ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1207ms 11ms 3.9MB 1193ms 83ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 2052ms 57ms 6.6MB 2020ms 140ms dmd 2.109.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3581ms 0.9ms 4.0MB 3570ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 3647ms 53ms 5.9MB 3633ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 3904ms 21ms 4.6MB 3893ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 897ms 1.4ms 3.6MB 887ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 909ms 3.9ms 5.3MB 897ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 979ms 2.1ms 4.3MB 967ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 227ms 0.3ms 3.3MB 220ms 0ms ldc2 1.39.0
d 1.d 230ms 0.5ms 4.8MB 220ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 249ms 2.4ms 4.0MB 240ms 0ms crystal 1.14.0