Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

D VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Wed Feb 08 2023, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][2 cores] Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8171M CPU @ 2.60GHz (Model 85)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2438ms 1.7ms 64.3MB 2393ms 23ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 3904ms 94ms 75.1MB 4177ms 23ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 125.0MB 5580ms 40ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 185ms 11ms 11.0MB 167ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 356ms 15ms 15.1MB 343ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 480ms 7.3ms 27.2MB 497ms 7ms dmd 2.102.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2418ms 41ms 20.3MB 2357ms 37ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 14.2MB 4970ms 10ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 13.3MB 4960ms 17ms ldc2 1.30.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 136ms 1.4ms 7.2MB 120ms 3ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 1458ms 6.4ms 8.2MB 1440ms 3ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 1923ms 9.8ms 9.9MB 1897ms 13ms dmd 2.102.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 95ms 7.6ms 6.4MB 80ms 3ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 9.4MB 4980ms 3ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 7.6MB 4987ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 32ms 0.7ms 5.3MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 1070ms 17ms 6.8MB 1057ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 1250ms 6.7ms 8.8MB 1237ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 799ms 0.9ms 1.5MB 1513ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1-i.d 1483ms 6.0ms 1.5MB 1470ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2-im.d 3038ms 42ms 1.5MB 5880ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
crystal 1.cr 4460ms 4.4ms 3.0MB 4447ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 4796ms 40ms 1.5MB 4780ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 2.2MB 4983ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1-im.d timeout 0.0ms 2.6MB 9783ms 3ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 2.8MB 4983ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 2.6MB 4983ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 2.7MB 9860ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 1.6MB 4987ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 79ms 2.1ms 1.5MB 120ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1-i.d 134ms 13ms 1.6MB 123ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2-im.d 272ms 7.5ms 1.6MB 480ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
crystal 1.cr 372ms 15ms 3.0MB 360ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 386ms 6.0ms 1.6MB 377ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 420ms 0.6ms 2.7MB 407ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2-i.d 480ms 0.4ms 1.5MB 470ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1-im.d 657ms 120ms 2.7MB 1037ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2-im.d 923ms 22ms 2.9MB 1730ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1-i.d 1057ms 43ms 2.2MB 1047ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2-i.d 1622ms 10ms 2.6MB 1613ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 251ms 3.2ms 30.8MB 227ms 13ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 805ms 2.8ms 40.3MB 787ms 10ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 2.cr 873ms 17ms 3.1MB 757ms 100ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 1124ms 3.1ms 14.6MB 967ms 137ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 30ms 1.1ms 6.9MB 13ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 85ms 0.2ms 13.2MB 77ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 2.cr 91ms 0.9ms 3.2MB 73ms 7ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 117ms 0.6ms 4.5MB 90ms 17ms crystal 1.7.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.6ms 0.5ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 2.8ms 1.0ms 4.4MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1.d 3.3ms 0.9ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 87ms 5.4ms 15.3MB 80ms 3ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2.d 357ms 9.7ms 22.5MB 347ms 3ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 700ms 16ms 138.1MB 650ms 33ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2.d 3745ms 81ms 157.5MB 3750ms 47ms dmd 2.102.0

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 1337ms 32ms 51.3MB 2470ms 23ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1-m.d 4450ms 89ms 53.3MB 8250ms 23ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 169ms 9.7ms 40.6MB 277ms 3ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1-m.d 484ms 14ms 40.8MB 863ms 13ms dmd 2.102.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 69ms 3.1ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 113ms 1.8ms 3.0MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 222ms 5.9ms 3.7MB 213ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 296ms 1.2ms 5.3MB 283ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 195ms 4.7ms 3.0MB 180ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 324ms 1.4ms 3.0MB 310ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 597ms 2.1ms 3.7MB 587ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 860ms 10ms 5.4MB 853ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 2.2ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 1.cr 56ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 47ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 94ms 1.2ms 3.7MB 80ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 128ms 2.3ms 5.0MB 117ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 492ms 4.7ms 9.8MB 480ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 713ms 6.5ms 6.3MB 697ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 3279ms 13ms 7.4MB 3260ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 26ms 0.0ms 6.7MB 13ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 34ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 140ms 0.9ms 3.7MB 130ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1790ms 9.6ms 64.3MB 1750ms 17ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 1818ms 21ms 74.8MB 1883ms 23ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 3152ms 10ms 153.9MB 3520ms 57ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 320ms 17ms 22.1MB 300ms 7ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 355ms 8.2ms 38.9MB 330ms 13ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 660ms 15ms 40.5MB 707ms 10ms dmd 2.102.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 542ms 7.3ms 1.5MB 527ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2.d 577ms 7.9ms 1.5MB 563ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
crystal 1.cr 670ms 3.5ms 2.9MB 657ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 2.cr 694ms 9.6ms 3.0MB 683ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 1466ms 20ms 2.6MB 1453ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2.d 2593ms 6.6ms 2.7MB 2580ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 57ms 0.4ms 1.5MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2.d 60ms 0.3ms 1.5MB 47ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
crystal 1.cr 73ms 1.3ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
crystal 2.cr 79ms 4.1ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 155ms 4.8ms 2.6MB 140ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 2.d 264ms 4.0ms 2.6MB 257ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 513ms 4.0ms 7.8MB 500ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 942ms 18ms 42.5MB 907ms 13ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2.d 966ms 16ms 48.7MB 930ms 17ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 988ms 16ms 76.1MB 953ms 20ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 1.cr 1150ms 55ms 41.9MB 1130ms 7ms crystal 1.7.2
d 2.d 1829ms 35ms 50.0MB 1800ms 13ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 117ms 2.4ms 4.1MB 103ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 142ms 5.6ms 14.1MB 127ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 161ms 1.4ms 26.0MB 140ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 1.cr 175ms 1.0ms 12.9MB 160ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2
d 2.d 232ms 6.0ms 15.4MB 217ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 2.d 458ms 1.4ms 16.7MB 443ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3260ms 137ms 7.4MB 3223ms 20ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 3528ms 25ms 7.9MB 3530ms 17ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 9.3MB 4997ms 17ms dmd 2.102.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 703ms 27ms 5.8MB 677ms 10ms crystal 1.7.2
d 1.d 833ms 5.7ms 7.8MB 820ms 3ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 1661ms 15ms 9.4MB 1647ms 7ms dmd 2.102.0

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 881ms 1.9ms 167.1MB 1077ms 73ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 3.d 2003ms 6.0ms 171.4MB 2230ms 63ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 1.cr 2759ms 1.3ms 174.0MB 2687ms 57ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 95ms 1.0ms 23.2MB 100ms 7ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 3.d 211ms 1.4ms 25.3MB 217ms 3ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 1.cr 287ms 1.0ms 32.1MB 260ms 10ms crystal 1.7.2

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.0MB 4993ms 3ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 3.7MB 4990ms 7ms ldc2 1.30.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1797ms 20ms 3.8MB 1787ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 3571ms 7.9ms 5.9MB 3563ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3326ms 2880ms 5.1MB 4983ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
d 1.d 4357ms 8.9ms 3.7MB 4343ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
crystal 1.cr timeout 0.0ms 4.0MB 4977ms 3ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1091ms 0.8ms 3.5MB 1080ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 1256ms 3.0ms 5.1MB 1243ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 1.cr 1847ms 33ms 3.7MB 1837ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 278ms 0.5ms 3.0MB 267ms 0ms ldc2 1.30.0
d 1.d 318ms 1.4ms 4.4MB 310ms 0ms dmd 2.102.0
crystal 1.cr 466ms 4.6ms 3.6MB 453ms 0ms crystal 1.7.2