Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

D VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Wed Jan 22 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1316ms 80ms 64.1MB 1290ms 10ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 1725ms 4.6ms 312.6MB 1680ms 47ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2672ms 23ms 314.9MB 2857ms 43ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 110ms 9.3ms 10.9MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 161ms 3.0ms 209.0MB 130ms 17ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 231ms 1.5ms 210.0MB 197ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1367ms 11ms 19.8MB 1300ms 50ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 16.8MB 4967ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 15.4MB 4970ms 17ms ldc2 1.40.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 76ms 1.4ms 7.1MB 57ms 7ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 1001ms 2.3ms 8.4MB 967ms 23ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1314ms 23ms 10.5MB 1290ms 13ms dmd 2.109.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 62ms 1.9ms 6.4MB 43ms 3ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 2540ms 0.8ms 8.0MB 2530ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2935ms 8.4ms 10.4MB 2930ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.6ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 441ms 0.9ms 8.1MB 427ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 534ms 2.1ms 10.1MB 523ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 376ms 7.3ms 6.9MB 1413ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-im.d 1117ms 1.7ms 5.1MB 4290ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-i.d 1478ms 0.5ms 2.9MB 1470ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 2495ms 6.5ms 2.8MB 2483ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 3096ms 15ms 2.9MB 3087ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-i.d 3228ms 5.5ms 2.8MB 3213ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 3520ms 9.8ms 4.6MB 3510ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-im.d 4244ms 30ms 6.9MB 16430ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.5MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-i.d timeout 0.0ms 4.5MB 4990ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-im.d timeout 0.0ms 6.7MB 19493ms 10ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 38ms 2.6ms 6.9MB 110ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-im.d 99ms 1.3ms 5.3MB 343ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-i.d 123ms 0.3ms 2.8MB 113ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 205ms 1.5ms 2.8MB 193ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 260ms 1.3ms 2.9MB 247ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2-i.d 267ms 1.0ms 2.8MB 257ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 295ms 1.7ms 4.6MB 283ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-im.d 354ms 4.6ms 8.8MB 1347ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-im.d 527ms 5.0ms 6.9MB 1993ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 1-i.d 850ms 18ms 4.4MB 840ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2-i.d 1388ms 25ms 4.5MB 1380ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 195ms 0.9ms 48.8MB 170ms 10ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 2.cr 573ms 3.5ms 3.5MB 450ms 107ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 621ms 2.2ms 43.8MB 610ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 720ms 0.6ms 14.6MB 573ms 127ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 24ms 0.4ms 12.1MB 17ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 2.cr 61ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 43ms 7ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 67ms 1.3ms 12.0MB 57ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 76ms 0.8ms 4.9MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.15.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1.7ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 2.0ms 0.2ms 5.0MB 0ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2-m.d 68ms 20ms 15.8MB 57ms 57ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 241ms 2.6ms 23.2MB 247ms 17ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 450ms 3.5ms 141.5MB 417ms 37ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 2501ms 11ms 158.3MB 2507ms 40ms dmd 2.109.1

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 634ms 17ms 50.2MB 2050ms 10ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-m.d 1865ms 22ms 54.5MB 5627ms 17ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 112ms 9.7ms 40.9MB 253ms 23ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1-m.d 199ms 5.6ms 41.9MB 597ms 23ms dmd 2.109.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.7ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 124ms 1.2ms 5.9MB 113ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 180ms 2.6ms 7.9MB 170ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 101ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 184ms 2.6ms 2.9MB 170ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 359ms 6.0ms 5.8MB 357ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 521ms 2.1ms 7.8MB 517ms 7ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.5ms 2.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 55ms 1.6ms 5.8MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 88ms 15ms 5.9MB 67ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 293ms 0.9ms 7.5MB 280ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 314ms 3.9ms 9.2MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 2106ms 6.1ms 9.3MB 2087ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 15ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 18ms 0.3ms 5.8MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 91ms 1.5ms 4.8MB 80ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 860ms 29ms 64.1MB 830ms 10ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 931ms 5.5ms 312.4MB 897ms 33ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1752ms 41ms 314.8MB 1887ms 33ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 178ms 4.4ms 22.0MB 160ms 3ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 194ms 3.6ms 312.7MB 150ms 33ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 337ms 4.7ms 314.8MB 300ms 27ms dmd 2.109.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 342ms 2.4ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 2.cr 342ms 1.6ms 3.3MB 330ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 359ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 347ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 359ms 1.0ms 2.9MB 350ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 679ms 2.8ms 4.6MB 667ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 2012ms 3.9ms 4.6MB 2000ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.7ms 3.3MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 38ms 0.3ms 2.9MB 27ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.4ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 2.d 39ms 0.6ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 71ms 1.1ms 4.6MB 60ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
d 2.d 204ms 0.8ms 4.6MB 190ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 299ms 2.9ms 43.7MB 287ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
crystal 2.cr 299ms 3.7ms 8.2MB 287ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 313ms 4.7ms 77.2MB 297ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 419ms 1.3ms 42.8MB 403ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 2.d 838ms 3.1ms 47.7MB 817ms 7ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 1161ms 2.2ms 49.3MB 1140ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 60ms 1.3ms 13.7MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 67ms 2.6ms 24.2MB 57ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 2.cr 75ms 1.4ms 4.4MB 67ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
crystal 1.cr 89ms 2.6ms 13.0MB 77ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 2.d 208ms 1.5ms 15.6MB 197ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 2.d 291ms 1.5ms 17.8MB 277ms 3ms dmd 2.109.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1907ms 10ms 6.2MB 1877ms 13ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 2407ms 6.6ms 8.0MB 2363ms 383ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 4341ms 5.4ms 10.2MB 4200ms 520ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 449ms 18ms 5.1MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0
d 1.d 577ms 4.7ms 8.1MB 557ms 97ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 1057ms 7.4ms 10.2MB 1050ms 160ms dmd 2.109.1

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 574ms 1.2ms 171.6MB 757ms 23ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 3.d 1293ms 4.0ms 174.3MB 1480ms 20ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 74ms 17ms 26.4MB 83ms 3ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 3.d 136ms 0.8ms 27.0MB 147ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 4766ms 8.8ms 4.0MB 4717ms 353ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d timeout 0.0ms 6.6MB 4967ms 257ms dmd 2.109.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1214ms 17ms 4.0MB 1190ms 113ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 2028ms 15ms 6.6MB 2030ms 83ms dmd 2.109.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3589ms 9.3ms 4.0MB 3573ms 7ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 3616ms 21ms 8.2MB 3607ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 3801ms 27ms 4.4MB 3787ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 897ms 0.8ms 3.5MB 887ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 911ms 4.9ms 7.6MB 903ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 955ms 2.5ms 4.3MB 943ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 227ms 0.7ms 3.1MB 220ms 0ms ldc2 1.40.0
d 1.d 231ms 3.3ms 4.8MB 223ms 0ms dmd 2.109.1
crystal 1.cr 245ms 2.9ms 3.8MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.15.0