Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Wasm VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 507ms 12ms 574.5MB 603ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 5.rs 1744ms 15ms 33.9MB 1727ms 10ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 3.rs 1791ms 35ms 49.9MB 1760ms 13ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 4.rs 1806ms 5.3ms 33.9MB 1783ms 10ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 3832ms 23ms 145.7MB 4013ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 124ms 1.0ms 159.2MB 150ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 5.rs 170ms 3.5ms 20.1MB 160ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 3.rs 174ms 3.4ms 21.9MB 160ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 4.rs 195ms 7.7ms 19.9MB 180ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 208ms 3.8ms 17.6MB 217ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 1143ms 6.3ms 20.3MB 1130ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1735ms 114ms 233.9MB 6417ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2195ms 28ms 218.9MB 3027ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4274ms 24ms 21.4MB 14387ms 537ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5507ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 81ms 1.2ms 18.6MB 70ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 249ms 1.7ms 21.5MB 843ms 37ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.8ms 17.4MB 400ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 474ms 14ms 73.5MB 1073ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 923ms 20ms 101.3MB 3240ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 416ms 1.6ms 19.6MB 403ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 114ms 2.6ms 19.0MB 100ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 4080ms 18ms 17.4MB 4067ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 345ms 3.4ms 17.4MB 333ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 232ms 1.5ms 18.0MB 217ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 31ms 0.6ms 18.0MB 20ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
wasm 1.rs 6.2ms 0.3ms 15.3MB 0ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 62ms 0.6ms 47.7MB 74ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 91ms 1.0ms 17.7MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 2.kt 166ms 3.8ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 195ms 3.4ms 95.1MB 327ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 200ms 3.1ms 102.1MB 437ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 355ms 2.4ms 12.4MB 353ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 253ms 2.5ms 17.6MB 240ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 317ms 3.3ms 213.3MB 553ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 340ms 3.7ms 203.0MB 463ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 474ms 2.5ms 12.4MB 500ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1041ms 16ms 12.5MB 1067ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 47ms 0.4ms 17.5MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 83ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 120ms 0.5ms 12.8MB 110ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 0.0ms 90.8MB 303ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 161ms 4.6ms 96.1MB 343ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 8.rs 832ms 3.3ms 21.1MB 817ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 8.rs 43ms 1.0ms 18.2MB 30ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 384ms 3.9ms 680.1MB 450ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 869ms 4.9ms 41.9MB 847ms 10ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 1811ms 15ms 89.9MB 1887ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 158ms 4.9ms 207.2MB 210ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 193ms 3.5ms 26.0MB 177ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 255ms 3.0ms 25.3MB 260ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 349ms 0.4ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
wasm 1.rs 404ms 2.3ms 18.1MB 390ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 446ms 2.7ms 49.3MB 490ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 2.rs 565ms 4.4ms 18.1MB 547ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 38ms 0.7ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
wasm 1.rs 48ms 1.3ms 18.1MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 2.rs 64ms 1.1ms 18.4MB 50ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 0.7ms 49.6MB 163ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 373ms 4.4ms 22.9MB 357ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 1.rs 454ms 1.1ms 57.0MB 440ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 94ms 1.3ms 27.7MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 2.rs 95ms 0.6ms 19.2MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 2212ms 2.7ms 21.0MB 2197ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1.kt 3710ms 30ms 353.2MB 4553ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 3983ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5117ms 133ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 524ms 4.1ms 18.3MB 513ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 975ms 38ms 365.7MB 1740ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3980ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5123ms 113ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3058ms 62ms 231.8MB 4043ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 3519ms 16ms 17.8MB 3510ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 883ms 5.2ms 17.8MB 870ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 964ms 26ms 231.0MB 1823ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 3597ms 4.4ms 17.7MB 3583ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 7.rs 4900ms 7.4ms 17.7MB 4887ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 905ms 1.7ms 18.2MB 890ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 7.rs 1229ms 2.0ms 17.7MB 1217ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 233ms 1.4ms 18.3MB 220ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0
wasm 7.rs 315ms 1.6ms 17.7MB 300ms 0ms wasmtime 33.0.0