Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Rust VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Feb 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 90ms 0.4ms 4.8MB 237ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 5-m.rs 99ms 1.2ms 6.5MB 323ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1c.rs 164ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 150ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 1.rs 223ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 210ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 16ms 0.3ms 6.5MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 5-m.rs 17ms 0.2ms 6.4MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1c.rs 19ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 1.rs 25ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.2ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 1.3ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.1ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 58ms 4.5ms 47.3MB 58ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 247ms 1.9ms 4.9MB 237ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 296ms 1.9ms 4.9MB 287ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 12ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 15ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 168ms 9.4ms 1.9MB 157ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 7-i.rs 222ms 0.8ms 1.9MB 210ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 285ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 277ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 288ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 273ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 338ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 330ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1n.kt 406ms 3.4ms 4.6MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 442ms 1.8ms 49.2MB 497ms 7ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 19ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 7-i.rs 25ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 13ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 31ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 31ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 37ms 1.1ms 1.8MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1n.kt 44ms 0.9ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 120ms 0.3ms 49.4MB 167ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 525ms 0.4ms 6.3MB 2023ms 3ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 997ms 0.9ms 6.2MB 3887ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 8.rs 1075ms 1.1ms 2.3MB 1063ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 1935ms 1.0ms 6.2MB 7583ms 13ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 7.rs 2068ms 5.9ms 2.0MB 2063ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 4161ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 4150ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 135ms 0.6ms 6.2MB 497ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 255ms 0.2ms 6.1MB 947ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 8.rs 272ms 1.1ms 2.0MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 488ms 0.9ms 8.1MB 1880ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 7.rs 517ms 1.8ms 1.9MB 507ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 1043ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 1030ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 38ms 0.4ms 6.1MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 69ms 0.5ms 6.1MB 227ms 10ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 8.rs 71ms 0.4ms 1.9MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.77.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 127ms 1.1ms 6.1MB 457ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 7.rs 131ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 262ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 250ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 469ms 5.8ms 575.8MB 550ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 4.rs 1350ms 24ms 33.8MB 1323ms 13ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 5.rs 1432ms 16ms 33.8MB 1407ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 1491ms 51ms 49.9MB 1463ms 13ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3056ms 54ms 248.5MB 5070ms 700ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 99ms 0.6ms 158.3MB 107ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 5.rs 126ms 1.5ms 5.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 4.rs 129ms 0.4ms 5.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 134ms 3.3ms 7.8MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 270ms 4.6ms 28.5MB 430ms 60ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 535ms 34ms 11.1MB 1983ms 70ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 5-m.rs 590ms 45ms 7.9MB 2197ms 70ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1-m.rs 1011ms 8.9ms 12.4MB 3597ms 360ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 1111ms 11ms 9.3MB 1060ms 33ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 4.rs 1363ms 6.2ms 7.6MB 1343ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1773ms 358ms 242.2MB 6577ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2141ms 6.2ms 220.2MB 3003ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 6140ms 457ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 72.9MB 19063ms 127ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 48ms 3.9ms 8.1MB 147ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 5-m.rs 51ms 0.9ms 5.4MB 137ms 23ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 70ms 3.0ms 4.1MB 60ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1-m.rs 82ms 7.0ms 7.7MB 237ms 40ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 4.rs 82ms 1.0ms 3.3MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 404ms 0.7ms 32.8MB 1477ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 465ms 18ms 74.9MB 1057ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 683ms 4.2ms 10.8MB 820ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 912ms 14ms 99.8MB 3203ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 123ms 2.1ms 3.6MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 438ms 3.0ms 3.6MB 427ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 33ms 0.2ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 82ms 1.0ms 3.1MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 399ms 1.4ms 6.0MB 1533ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 5-m.rs 604ms 7.8ms 6.0MB 2313ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-im.rs 678ms 51ms 6.0MB 2467ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3-i.rs 1482ms 11ms 2.0MB 1473ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1-m.rs 1577ms 16ms 6.0MB 6093ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-i.rs 1773ms 2.2ms 1.9MB 1760ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 4197ms 17ms 1.8MB 4190ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.5ms 6.0MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 5-m.rs 58ms 1.1ms 6.0MB 187ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-im.rs 65ms 0.7ms 6.0MB 207ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3-i.rs 123ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1-m.rs 139ms 2.0ms 6.0MB 497ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-i.rs 150ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 349ms 2.2ms 1.9MB 337ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2-http2.rs 338ms 70ms 47.5MB 553ms 363ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 345ms 58ms 47.2MB 143ms 373ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1-http2.rs 418ms 40ms 55.6MB 817ms 417ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-m.rs 425ms 4.8ms 64.5MB 217ms 840ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 3188ms 2764ms 353.0MB 15630ms 2370ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.5MB 16613ms 2393ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 103ms 11ms 16.6MB 23ms 80ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-m.rs 142ms 7.8ms 29.0MB 43ms 170ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1-http2.rs 202ms 46ms 27.5MB 327ms 167ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2-http2.rs 204ms 16ms 25.3MB 380ms 140ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 2166ms 328ms 250.2MB 3897ms 460ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2399ms 24ms 215.3MB 6757ms 710ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 28ms 1.8ms 9.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 4-i.rs 30ms 2.1ms 7.9MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 65ms 2.5ms 36.3MB 43ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 66ms 1.5ms 38.0MB 40ms 10ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 111ms 3.2ms 75.3MB 67ms 30ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 829ms 56ms 212.4MB 2217ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 199ms 2.8ms 53.3MB 170ms 13ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 4-i.rs 239ms 1.5ms 54.5MB 197ms 23ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 3.rs 396ms 1.9ms 257.5MB 280ms 103ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 402ms 1.3ms 257.0MB 290ms 97ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 747ms 7.7ms 605.1MB 483ms 250ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2357ms 60ms 1045.0MB 5193ms 157ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 275ms 21ms 30.3MB 817ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 8.rs 508ms 3.8ms 23.8MB 483ms 10ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 36ms 1.1ms 17.8MB 73ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 8.rs 66ms 2.6ms 11.4MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 36ms 1.0ms 1.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 51ms 1.3ms 2.0MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 179ms 1.1ms 94.8MB 310ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 199ms 5.9ms 100.7MB 413ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 303ms 2.6ms 7.8MB 433ms 10ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 507ms 10ms 7.8MB 607ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 151ms 1.3ms 1.9MB 143ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 210ms 1.9ms 2.0MB 200ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 302ms 3.3ms 212.9MB 523ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 326ms 4.4ms 204.4MB 440ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 911ms 18ms 7.8MB 1313ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1534ms 5.9ms 7.8MB 1860ms 30ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 26ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 34ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 2.kt 141ms 2.9ms 5.8MB 193ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 143ms 4.2ms 90.6MB 260ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 158ms 11ms 95.6MB 307ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 180ms 1.3ms 5.8MB 237ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 352ms 3.1ms 677.8MB 383ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 1.rs 707ms 6.9ms 33.8MB 680ms 13ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1499ms 16ms 136.6MB 2307ms 317ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 129ms 0.4ms 206.5MB 147ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 1.rs 159ms 8.2ms 9.8MB 150ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 323ms 19ms 40.4MB 467ms 77ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 329ms 1.6ms 41.1MB 313ms 3ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 336ms 5.8ms 6.8MB 327ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 65ms 3.6ms 11.6MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 85ms 1.0ms 3.0MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1528ms 4.6ms 2.8MB 1280ms 230ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 1712ms 3.5ms 2.7MB 1630ms 63ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1.kt 3719ms 43ms 355.7MB 4563ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.5MB 6490ms 283ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4980ms 173ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 319ms 1.2ms 2.4MB 300ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 2.rs 380ms 3.1ms 2.4MB 367ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 976ms 35ms 353.3MB 1717ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6410ms 283ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5020ms 130ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 437ms 7.7ms 78.6MB 453ms 17ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.0MB 5387ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.0MB 4880ms 1073ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 51ms 1.6ms 11.6MB 43ms 7ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 825ms 28ms 134.0MB 1250ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3285ms 241ms 65.0MB 4160ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 120ms 1.3ms 1.9MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 1422ms 3.5ms 1.9MB 1410ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1.kt 3058ms 41ms 233.9MB 3943ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 32ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
rust 1.rs 376ms 25ms 1.8MB 360ms 0ms rustc 1.75.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 975ms 45ms 233.6MB 1800ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21