Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Rust VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu Sep 22 2022, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][2 cores] Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8370C CPU @ 2.80GHz (Model 106)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 179ms 1.2ms 1.2MB 320ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 5-m.rs 205ms 1.4ms 1.3MB 370ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1c.rs 231ms 0.9ms 0.7MB 220ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 1.rs 315ms 0.4ms 0.6MB 303ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1c.rs 28ms 1.5ms 0.7MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 5-m.rs 29ms 0.4ms 1.3MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 5c-m.rs 30ms 1.4ms 1.3MB 33ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 1.rs 34ms 0.2ms 0.6MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.7ms 0.6ms 0.6MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 1.rs 1.7ms 0.6ms 0.6MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.4ms 0.7ms 1.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 1.kt 65ms 4.3ms 41.0MB 52ms 8ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 414ms 0.4ms 5.0MB 400ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 581ms 0.1ms 5.0MB 563ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 20ms 0.2ms 0.6MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 27ms 0.6ms 0.6MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 252ms 0.0ms 0.6MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 7-i.rs 305ms 0.6ms 0.6MB 297ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3.rs 339ms 0.4ms 0.7MB 330ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 345ms 1.7ms 0.6MB 333ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 387ms 6.1ms 0.6MB 373ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1n.kt 549ms 12ms 1.1MB 537ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 1.kt 566ms 1.3ms 43.0MB 577ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 28ms 0.2ms 0.6MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 7-i.rs 34ms 1.1ms 0.6MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3.rs 36ms 0.4ms 0.6MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 37ms 0.5ms 0.6MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 41ms 0.7ms 0.6MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1n.kt 57ms 0.6ms 1.2MB 50ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 1.kt 136ms 3.1ms 42.8MB 143ms 10ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 1065ms 2.8ms 2.6MB 2060ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 1066ms 4.5ms 2.2MB 2060ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 8.rs 2063ms 3.3ms 2.5MB 2050ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 2065ms 5.3ms 2.0MB 2050ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-m.rs 2151ms 4.0ms 2.1MB 4187ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 275ms 0.4ms 0.7MB 507ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 8-m.rs 277ms 2.7ms 2.4MB 510ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 517ms 0.3ms 0.6MB 507ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 8.rs 518ms 0.1ms 2.2MB 510ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 545ms 0.6ms 2.1MB 1040ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 1707ms 1.1ms 0.6MB 1697ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 75ms 1.2ms 2.1MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 8-m.rs 77ms 3.5ms 2.2MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 132ms 0.8ms 2.1MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.66.0-nightly
rust 7.rs 132ms 0.8ms 0.6MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-m.rs 145ms 1.3ms 0.7MB 257ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 429ms 0.2ms 0.6MB 420ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 635ms 11ms 411.2MB 670ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
rust 4.rs 1550ms 7.8ms 33.7MB 1523ms 10ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 5.rs 1712ms 13ms 33.8MB 1693ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3.rs 1852ms 32ms 49.8MB 1823ms 10ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 129ms 4.6ms 109.4MB 117ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
rust 4.rs 143ms 3.4ms 5.7MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 5.rs 155ms 1.4ms 5.7MB 147ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3.rs 163ms 3.1ms 7.7MB 147ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 435ms 7.8ms 30.0MB 717ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 915ms 116ms 5.2MB 1747ms 30ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3-m.rs 935ms 70ms 6.3MB 1773ms 27ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3.rs 1829ms 16ms 6.5MB 1780ms 30ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1-m.rs 2570ms 16ms 5.2MB 4930ms 123ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 2894ms 281ms 161.2MB 5497ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 2933ms 3.9ms 187.2MB 3770ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
rust 4.rs 3185ms 4.4ms 4.4MB 3170ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 72ms 4.5ms 2.9MB 113ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 5-m.rs 93ms 16ms 3.0MB 153ms 7ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3.rs 117ms 0.7ms 3.1MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1-m.rs 192ms 1.5ms 2.9MB 327ms 27ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 4.rs 210ms 0.6ms 2.6MB 197ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 709ms 20ms 100.4MB 1243ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 872ms 11ms 32.4MB 1560ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 2-m.kt 996ms 102ms 104.9MB 1797ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 1082ms 4.7ms 10.7MB 1243ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 146ms 0.9ms 3.7MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 599ms 0.4ms 4.1MB 587ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 41ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 114ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 100ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 738ms 20ms 0.7MB 1410ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-im.rs 1077ms 9.7ms 0.7MB 2073ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 5-m.rs 1228ms 11ms 0.7MB 2377ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3-i.rs 1374ms 0.6ms 0.6MB 1363ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1-m.rs 1946ms 14ms 0.6MB 3797ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-i.rs 1997ms 1.5ms 0.6MB 1987ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 3938ms 225ms 0.6MB 3927ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 67ms 0.8ms 0.7MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-im.rs 97ms 0.1ms 0.7MB 160ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 3-i.rs 117ms 0.5ms 0.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 5-m.rs 118ms 12ms 0.7MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-i.rs 167ms 0.3ms 0.6MB 160ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1-m.rs 177ms 2.0ms 0.7MB 310ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 322ms 0.2ms 0.6MB 310ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 132ms 13ms 20.4MB 80ms 80ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-http2.rs 321ms 53ms 49.8MB 420ms 113ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-m.rs 492ms 1.1ms 116.3MB 307ms 447ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1-http2.rs 882ms 136ms 97.1MB 1097ms 433ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 63ms 9.8ms 18.2MB 17ms 27ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 132ms 4.8ms 28.9MB 47ms 73ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2-http2.rs 347ms 13ms 28.5MB 520ms 87ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1-http2.rs 369ms 48ms 30.6MB 470ms 110ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 2345ms 39ms 197.2MB 3470ms 233ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2534ms 62ms 182.6MB 4067ms 260ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3.rs 77ms 0.2ms 36.3MB 50ms 13ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 78ms 1.5ms 38.0MB 57ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 121ms 0.4ms 75.5MB 80ms 27ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1150ms 25ms 207.2MB 1990ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3.rs 504ms 0.8ms 257.9MB 393ms 97ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 514ms 6.0ms 258.6MB 403ms 93ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 872ms 21ms 605.7MB 650ms 207ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3933ms 75ms 951.0MB 5633ms 287ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 337ms 3.4ms 28.7MB 610ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 8.rs 592ms 4.2ms 24.0MB 577ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 48ms 3.5ms 15.4MB 63ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 8.rs 76ms 0.2ms 11.5MB 57ms 3ms rustc 1.64.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 58ms 2.1ms 0.6MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 78ms 8.4ms 2.0MB 67ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 225ms 3.4ms 113.9MB 340ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 240ms 2.6ms 109.7MB 297ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 464ms 7.9ms 41.9MB 737ms 10ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 202ms 7.7ms 0.6MB 193ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 333ms 16ms 2.2MB 323ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 2.kt 371ms 3.0ms 132.6MB 473ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1.kt 457ms 2.5ms 132.8MB 507ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 1412ms 23ms 147.3MB 2163ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 37ms 0.5ms 0.6MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 46ms 2.0ms 0.6MB 37ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 173ms 0.8ms 73.9MB 243ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 177ms 6.2ms 78.8MB 257ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 239ms 3.0ms 29.9MB 400ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 448ms 11ms 356.9MB 457ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
rust 1.rs 896ms 7.1ms 33.9MB 873ms 7ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt 2377ms 11ms 136.8MB 3457ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 175ms 7.3ms 221.7MB 147ms 53ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
rust 1.rs 186ms 1.0ms 9.8MB 170ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt 455ms 0.4ms 38.1MB 657ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 462ms 2.0ms 6.6MB 450ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 847ms 5.7ms 40.8MB 820ms 7ms rustc 1.64.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 106ms 0.5ms 3.2MB 93ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 130ms 1.7ms 11.7MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 1838ms 1.3ms 2.9MB 1770ms 50ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 1854ms 1.9ms 2.8MB 1703ms 137ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 395ms 3.1ms 2.5MB 373ms 7ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 2.rs 410ms 0.3ms 2.6MB 397ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt 1436ms 7.1ms 244.7MB 1790ms 53ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 566ms 3.5ms 77.9MB 710ms 20ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 0.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 64ms 2.4ms 11.7MB 73ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt 1072ms 10ms 95.4MB 1477ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2
kotlin 1n.kt 4863ms 23ms 75.2MB 6080ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.7.10

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 147ms 3.4ms 0.7MB 133ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 1902ms 3.6ms 0.7MB 1890ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1.kt 4510ms 26ms 192.2MB 5413ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 39ms 0.6ms 0.7MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
rust 1.rs 478ms 3.9ms 0.6MB 460ms 0ms rustc 1.64.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1359ms 7.8ms 183.9MB 2143ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 17.0.2