Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Rust VS Acton benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Apr 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.3ms 0.0ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 1.4ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
acton 1.act 3.7ms 0.2ms 3.9MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.24.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 248ms 2.0ms 4.8MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 308ms 0.6ms 4.8MB 300ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 14ms 1.4ms 1.8MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 15ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 165ms 3.6ms 1.9MB 157ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7-i.rs 237ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 230ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 240ms 0.7ms 1.8MB 230ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 279ms 0.5ms 1.8MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 279ms 0.8ms 1.8MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 18ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7-i.rs 26ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 26ms 0.4ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 30ms 0.0ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 30ms 0.8ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 494ms 0.5ms 2.6MB 1913ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 501ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 1940ms 3ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 996ms 1.9ms 2.5MB 987ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 1955ms 1.5ms 2.4MB 7683ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7.rs 2107ms 4.3ms 2.0MB 2100ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 4218ms 10.0ms 2.0MB 4207ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 128ms 0.2ms 2.4MB 470ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 131ms 1.8ms 2.1MB 477ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 251ms 2.0ms 2.1MB 240ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 493ms 0.3ms 2.1MB 1907ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7.rs 531ms 2.8ms 1.8MB 520ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 1054ms 2.3ms 1.9MB 1043ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 35ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 107ms 3ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 36ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 64ms 0.0ms 2.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.88.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 127ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 467ms 3ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 7.rs 138ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 266ms 1.3ms 1.9MB 260ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4.rs 1275ms 2.7ms 33.8MB 1250ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5.rs 1350ms 10ms 33.8MB 1330ms 7ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 1456ms 37ms 49.8MB 1427ms 20ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.1MB 5980ms 87ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4.rs 119ms 2.7ms 5.8MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5.rs 127ms 3.5ms 5.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 143ms 2.0ms 7.8MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act 838ms 21ms 12.0MB 960ms 83ms actonc 0.24.1

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 515ms 33ms 9.1MB 1920ms 73ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 705ms 15ms 5.5MB 2663ms 83ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 972ms 6.4ms 8.5MB 3587ms 207ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 1150ms 20ms 9.3MB 1100ms 37ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 4.rs 1914ms 27ms 7.4MB 1900ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 52ms 1.0ms 3.4MB 157ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3-m.rs 57ms 3.9ms 4.4MB 173ms 13ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 73ms 1.3ms 4.0MB 63ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 75ms 0.5ms 3.8MB 243ms 17ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 4.rs 116ms 2.5ms 3.3MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 122ms 2.6ms 3.6MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act 275ms 16ms 7.0MB 240ms 80ms actonc 0.24.1
rust 2.rs 422ms 2.5ms 3.6MB 410ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 34ms 1.7ms 2.9MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 77ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act 92ms 7.6ms 5.2MB 77ms 27ms actonc 0.24.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 410ms 2.4ms 2.1MB 1577ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 571ms 5.2ms 2.0MB 2193ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-im.rs 627ms 5.5ms 2.0MB 2410ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 977ms 9.9ms 2.1MB 3773ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3-i.rs 1500ms 2.2ms 1.9MB 1490ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-i.rs 1760ms 2.0ms 1.8MB 1750ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 2692ms 5.3ms 1.8MB 2683ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 55ms 2.1ms 2.0MB 177ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-im.rs 60ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 200ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-m.rs 87ms 1.2ms 2.1MB 310ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3-i.rs 126ms 1.6ms 1.9MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-i.rs 150ms 1.0ms 1.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 229ms 0.4ms 1.8MB 220ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 90ms 0.3ms 3.2MB 263ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 95ms 0.8ms 3.2MB 290ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 6.rs 143ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 133ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1c.rs 163ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 153ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 195ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 183ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 16ms 0.3ms 3.2MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 5-m.rs 17ms 0.6ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 6.rs 17ms 0.8ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1c.rs 19ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 22ms 0.4ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 290ms 60ms 84.0MB 173ms 503ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-m.rs 364ms 16ms 70.9MB 253ms 867ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-http2.rs 379ms 64ms 58.0MB 867ms 423ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-http2.rs 467ms 58ms 64.2MB 1067ms 527ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 42ms 3.1ms 15.8MB 17ms 57ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-m.rs 81ms 7.9ms 21.8MB 27ms 167ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1-http2.rs 187ms 57ms 23.3MB 443ms 180ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2-http2.rs 224ms 48ms 25.5MB 577ms 187ms rustc 1.85.1

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 30ms 1.2ms 9.8MB 13ms 3ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 4-i.rs 34ms 2.7ms 7.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 61ms 1.3ms 32.0MB 40ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 62ms 1.6ms 33.8MB 37ms 13ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 103ms 1.3ms 67.4MB 70ms 20ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 208ms 3.5ms 52.6MB 187ms 7ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 4-i.rs 257ms 1.3ms 53.6MB 203ms 37ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 404ms 1.3ms 237.6MB 300ms 90ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 3.rs 412ms 3.5ms 237.6MB 303ms 97ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 698ms 3.3ms 550.2MB 457ms 230ms rustc 1.85.1

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 226ms 1.7ms 26.7MB 670ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 469ms 8.7ms 22.5MB 447ms 7ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 30ms 1.9ms 16.0MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 8.rs 60ms 0.6ms 11.4MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 39ms 9.6ms 1.8MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 47ms 2.9ms 2.0MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 155ms 14ms 1.9MB 147ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 187ms 18ms 2.0MB 180ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 22ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 13ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 30ms 0.7ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 763ms 45ms 33.8MB 737ms 10ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act 3317ms 14ms 101.9MB 3623ms 50ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 153ms 2.9ms 9.8MB 143ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act 708ms 5.3ms 30.5MB 750ms 30ms actonc 0.24.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 311ms 3.9ms 40.9MB 297ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 315ms 2.5ms 6.6MB 303ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 561.0MB 6787ms 93ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 63ms 2.3ms 11.6MB 53ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 77ms 0.9ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1.act 2360ms 5.2ms 192.3MB 2893ms 43ms actonc 0.24.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1524ms 4.2ms 2.7MB 1303ms 203ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 1708ms 4.8ms 2.6MB 1630ms 67ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1-m.act 2985ms 56ms 6.6MB 2847ms 2003ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 324ms 4.6ms 2.4MB 297ms 13ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 2.rs 383ms 6.3ms 2.4MB 373ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
acton 1-m.act 857ms 16ms 5.9MB 780ms 613ms actonc 0.24.1

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 445ms 11ms 77.5MB 463ms 17ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 49ms 0.9ms 12.4MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 120ms 2.0ms 1.9MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 1453ms 31ms 1.9MB 1443ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 33ms 1.0ms 1.8MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1
rust 1.rs 365ms 3.7ms 1.9MB 357ms 0ms rustc 1.85.1