Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Go VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Nov 16 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 475ms 17ms 579.4MB 547ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1-m.go 2720ms 34ms 46.1MB 5730ms 43ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 3085ms 72ms 252.5MB 5140ms 680ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1.go 3817ms 45ms 51.5MB 3800ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 102ms 2.5ms 160.0MB 107ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1-m.go 239ms 2.7ms 8.1MB 393ms 13ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 248ms 36ms 6.5MB 237ms 3ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 266ms 3.6ms 32.5MB 413ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 521ms 93ms 15.6MB 1973ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 1415ms 5.8ms 256.7MB 1377ms 23ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1840ms 308ms 239.6MB 6827ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2169ms 43ms 219.8MB 3023ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.7MB 6043ms 460ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 73.0MB 19093ms 107ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 50ms 18ms 7.5MB 163ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 256ms 1.1ms 66.7MB 240ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 395ms 5.2ms 34.8MB 1433ms 40ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 464ms 3.6ms 73.7MB 1043ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 674ms 5.0ms 10.9MB 807ms 53ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 883ms 143ms 98.4MB 3080ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 120ms 0.7ms 10.2MB 110ms 3ms go 1.23.3

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 36ms 0.8ms 8.2MB 30ms 0ms go 1.23.3

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 722ms 0.7ms 5.6MB 2777ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 2276ms 4.9ms 50.2MB 2260ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 75ms 0.2ms 5.5MB 207ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 488ms 2.3ms 50.1MB 473ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 127ms 1.8ms 5.4MB 400ms 3ms go 1.23.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 18ms 0.1ms 5.4MB 37ms 0ms go 1.23.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.7ms 0.1ms 0.1MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 1.4ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 55ms 4.0ms 47.5MB 58ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 109ms 2.4ms 57.5MB 300ms 73ms go 1.23.3
go 1-m.go 478ms 56ms 174.5MB 643ms 653ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 485ms 29ms 172.5MB 660ms 647ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 2-m.kt 4705ms 97ms 372.4MB 14620ms 2427ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 382.6MB 16320ms 2680ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 22ms 12ms 22.7MB 45ms 25ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 98ms 17ms 40.5MB 73ms 113ms go 1.23.3
go 1-m.go 128ms 4.8ms 38.2MB 83ms 137ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 2187ms 374ms 258.9MB 6430ms 637ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2195ms 62ms 249.1MB 5710ms 610ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 45ms 0.9ms 40.6MB 40ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 142ms 3.4ms 18.4MB 127ms 3ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 893ms 18ms 206.2MB 2427ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 238ms 5.4ms 149.3MB 240ms 20ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 775ms 3.8ms 104.7MB 763ms 10ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 2296ms 21ms 773.1MB 4957ms 173ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 789ms 4.1ms 41.6MB 2813ms 27ms go 1.23.3

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 143ms 5.6ms 29.1MB 367ms 37ms go 1.23.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 131ms 3.4ms 3.4MB 123ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 133ms 2.8ms 0.3MB 123ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 179ms 2.4ms 96.4MB 293ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 193ms 1.1ms 103.4MB 407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 304ms 3.0ms 7.9MB 427ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 515ms 18ms 7.8MB 623ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 304ms 11ms 212.8MB 533ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 325ms 2.9ms 202.8MB 440ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 385ms 6.1ms 3.4MB 377ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 391ms 4.4ms 2.1MB 380ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2.kt 898ms 0.8ms 7.8MB 1297ms 43ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1591ms 14ms 7.9MB 1973ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 65ms 0.5ms 0.1MB 53ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 3.go 69ms 1.3ms 5.5MB 60ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 140ms 3.1ms 90.2MB 267ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 142ms 3.9ms 5.7MB 200ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 154ms 12ms 98.0MB 293ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 170ms 6.0ms 5.7MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 2682ms 19ms 7.5MB 2673ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 4001ms 11ms 5.6MB 3990ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 115ms 3.4ms 3.4MB 103ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 171ms 2.4ms 2.2MB 160ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 350ms 2.1ms 679.4MB 383ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 1501ms 11ms 136.5MB 2307ms 327ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1-m.go 1612ms 18ms 36.6MB 3263ms 33ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 1871ms 71ms 43.0MB 3923ms 27ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 2050ms 9.5ms 52.0MB 2030ms 3ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 3360ms 7.7ms 90.6MB 3333ms 10ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 127ms 2.6ms 206.6MB 150ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 314ms 24ms 40.5MB 453ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1-m.go 365ms 1.7ms 12.1MB 700ms 27ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 410ms 1.5ms 13.9MB 847ms 13ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 441ms 5.4ms 13.7MB 430ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 669ms 4.4ms 29.0MB 657ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 348ms 4.4ms 0.1MB 337ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 362ms 2.1ms 3.4MB 350ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1n.kt 407ms 3.5ms 4.6MB 397ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 2.0ms 49.1MB 483ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 37ms 1.4ms 2.1MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 40ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1n.kt 45ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 118ms 1.0ms 49.6MB 160ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 302ms 4.7ms 71.7MB 287ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 361ms 8.8ms 42.8MB 347ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 434ms 4.2ms 17.3MB 423ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 779ms 0.5ms 21.8MB 763ms 7ms go 1.23.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 60ms 0.6ms 21.6MB 47ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 65ms 2.5ms 13.7MB 53ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 107ms 1.7ms 5.6MB 97ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 197ms 2.3ms 7.6MB 180ms 3ms go 1.23.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1125ms 7.4ms 8.4MB 1110ms 3ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt 3780ms 66ms 353.7MB 4587ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.6MB 6390ms 297ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4990ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 270ms 2.8ms 8.4MB 253ms 3ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 992ms 31ms 352.8MB 1700ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.3MB 6427ms 263ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5007ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 122.2MB 4973ms 57ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 106.4MB 4977ms 10ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.4MB 5383ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.0MB 5193ms 690ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 816ms 17ms 133.5MB 1237ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 1796ms 32ms 20.2MB 1780ms 23ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 2422ms 21ms 30.3MB 2407ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1n.kt 3103ms 11ms 67.1MB 3820ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 141ms 0.6ms 11.5MB 133ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt 3097ms 63ms 230.9MB 3970ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 46ms 0.7ms 11.9MB 40ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 971ms 46ms 231.8MB 1847ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1890ms 3.1ms 5.5MB 7367ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 3654ms 21ms 5.5MB 3643ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 2.3MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 479ms 3.5ms 5.5MB 1820ms 7ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 922ms 9.4ms 3.4MB 913ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 1392ms 2.1ms 0.4MB 1380ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 126ms 2.3ms 5.4MB 437ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 235ms 4.7ms 3.4MB 227ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 350ms 0.2ms 0.3MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0