Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Go VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Apr 14 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 513ms 4.4ms 577.8MB 603ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 1227ms 3.5ms 55.0MB 1207ms 7ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 2353ms 1.9ms 39.8MB 5253ms 37ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 4515ms 38ms 146.1MB 4703ms 67ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 113ms 1.4ms 5.6MB 100ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1.kt 126ms 1.8ms 161.2MB 150ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1-m.go 209ms 2.4ms 8.1MB 370ms 10ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 318ms 32ms 17.9MB 327ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 621ms 136ms 15.5MB 2377ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 719ms 7.5ms 268.8MB 663ms 40ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 2184ms 180ms 244.6MB 8133ms 130ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2217ms 57ms 220.3MB 3067ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4498ms 30ms 21.5MB 14707ms 610ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5523ms 30ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 43ms 2.2ms 7.4MB 143ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 68ms 2.1ms 68.5MB 47ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 253ms 6.4ms 21.3MB 847ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 409ms 11ms 17.4MB 420ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 492ms 12ms 77.2MB 1140ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 969ms 186ms 109.2MB 3360ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 117ms 0.9ms 10.4MB 110ms 0ms go 1.24.2

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 33ms 0.2ms 8.2MB 27ms 0ms go 1.24.2

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 727ms 1.8ms 5.5MB 2810ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 2004ms 3.4ms 48.9MB 1983ms 3ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 76ms 1.0ms 5.6MB 207ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 191ms 1.3ms 48.1MB 163ms 13ms tinygo 0.37.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 117ms 0.3ms 7.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 17ms 1.3ms 7.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.9ms 0.0ms 0.4MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 1.5ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 2.1ms 0.1ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 67ms 2.3ms 47.7MB 82ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 123ms 2.4ms 60.3MB 333ms 77ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 416ms 8.9ms 174.9MB 703ms 690ms go 1.24.2
go 1-m.go 422ms 20ms 172.9MB 730ms 673ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.5MB 16143ms 2733ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 458.9MB 15747ms 2687ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 21ms 12ms 27.6MB 50ms 15ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 80ms 14ms 37.9MB 97ms 120ms go 1.24.2
go 1-m.go 81ms 19ms 36.6MB 113ms 117ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2223ms 205ms 254.3MB 6403ms 687ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2233ms 250ms 249.5MB 6100ms 650ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 46ms 2.2ms 41.1MB 40ms 3ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 142ms 0.7ms 18.7MB 137ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 773ms 88ms 172.2MB 2063ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 251ms 15ms 131.1MB 230ms 53ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 751ms 2.0ms 104.9MB 737ms 17ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1862ms 58ms 671.6MB 4417ms 173ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 679ms 5.3ms 41.5MB 2393ms 23ms go 1.24.2

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 130ms 3.5ms 22.2MB 343ms 17ms go 1.24.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 119ms 2.9ms 3.5MB 113ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 131ms 2.5ms 0.5MB 123ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2.kt 171ms 2.7ms 12.4MB 173ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 200ms 3.0ms 96.7MB 333ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 212ms 8.2ms 105.3MB 453ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 357ms 2.2ms 12.5MB 363ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 325ms 2.7ms 215.9MB 557ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 2.7ms 204.8MB 463ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 388ms 3.0ms 0.5MB 380ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 3.go 391ms 1.6ms 3.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 2.kt 476ms 6.0ms 12.6MB 507ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1043ms 15ms 12.6MB 1080ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 52ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 40ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 65ms 1.0ms 0.4MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.7ms 12.8MB 87ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 2.7ms 12.9MB 117ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 1.4ms 92.7MB 320ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 167ms 2.2ms 98.3MB 350ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 2665ms 11ms 7.7MB 2660ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 4081ms 15ms 3.4MB 4070ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 114ms 1.2ms 3.7MB 110ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 173ms 2.8ms 0.5MB 167ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 391ms 4.1ms 682.5MB 453ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 815ms 44ms 63.2MB 797ms 7ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 1122ms 7.5ms 54.9MB 1103ms 7ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 1448ms 9.5ms 38.9MB 3070ms 33ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 1677ms 13ms 43.0MB 3693ms 33ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 2170ms 19ms 88.8MB 2273ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 163ms 0.8ms 209.4MB 213ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 176ms 3.7ms 9.8MB 163ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 207ms 2.5ms 17.1MB 190ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 331ms 5.3ms 14.0MB 663ms 20ms go 1.24.2
go 2-m.go 373ms 0.8ms 13.9MB 783ms 23ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 426ms 7.1ms 25.7MB 437ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 348ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 351ms 5.8ms 0.4MB 343ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1n.kt 352ms 1.7ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 448ms 1.3ms 49.3MB 493ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 37ms 0.7ms 0.4MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 39ms 0.7ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 126ms 3.5ms 49.4MB 173ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 287ms 7.7ms 39.7MB 273ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 310ms 4.7ms 71.6MB 293ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 2.go 425ms 4.9ms 21.4MB 413ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 801ms 7.5ms 21.5MB 783ms 10ms go 1.24.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 54ms 2.7ms 10.4MB 47ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 65ms 3.1ms 21.6MB 57ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 2.go 106ms 1.1ms 4.9MB 97ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 195ms 2.9ms 6.1MB 183ms 0ms go 1.24.2

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1132ms 4.8ms 8.7MB 1117ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 3792ms 49ms 385.9MB 4713ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 27.0MB 4077ms 1520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.4MB 5163ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 269ms 4.3ms 8.5MB 257ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 992ms 27ms 355.5MB 1823ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 4110ms 1483ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5130ms 163ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 122.4MB 4990ms 40ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 132.0MB 4977ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.6MB 5427ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5100ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 856ms 18ms 134.4MB 1317ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 1787ms 20ms 20.4MB 1770ms 20ms go 1.24.2
go 3.go 2260ms 16ms 27.5MB 2243ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
kotlin 1n.kt 3255ms 36ms 51.1MB 3353ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 93ms 0.9ms 7.2MB 90ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1.kt 3093ms 47ms 230.3MB 3913ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 27ms 0.2ms 5.2MB 20ms 0ms go 1.24.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1029ms 38ms 233.4MB 1937ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1911ms 19ms 5.4MB 7407ms 10ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 3650ms 0.9ms 5.6MB 3640ms 3ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 0.5MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 481ms 0.8ms 5.5MB 1843ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 921ms 11ms 3.5MB 913ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 1397ms 1.5ms 0.5MB 1390ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 126ms 0.6ms 5.5MB 450ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 235ms 5.5ms 3.5MB 223ms 0ms go 1.24.2
go 1.go 352ms 1.2ms 0.4MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0