Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Go VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1231ms 8.3ms 64.2MB 1203ms 10ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 1726ms 16ms 51.9MB 1707ms 10ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 2343ms 11ms 41.9MB 5213ms 33ms go 1.24.5

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 104ms 1.6ms 11.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 152ms 0.5ms 5.0MB 140ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 207ms 1.7ms 8.3MB 367ms 7ms go 1.24.5

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 660ms 61ms 15.5MB 2573ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 1489ms 15ms 19.9MB 1420ms 57ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 13.3MB 2440ms 17047ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 44ms 7.8ms 7.5MB 147ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 82ms 4.6ms 7.1MB 57ms 10ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1-m.go 672ms 69ms 4.4MB 307ms 2230ms tinygo 0.38.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 57ms 1.8ms 6.5MB 40ms 3ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 118ms 0.3ms 10.5MB 110ms 0ms go 1.24.5

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.7ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 33ms 0.4ms 8.2MB 23ms 0ms go 1.24.5

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 724ms 0.6ms 5.5MB 2807ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 3-m.go 725ms 2.0ms 3.0MB 2653ms 50ms tinygo 0.38.0
crystal 1.cr 2510ms 4.1ms 2.9MB 2497ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 75ms 0.4ms 5.5MB 210ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 3-m.go 103ms 4.4ms 3.0MB 190ms 33ms tinygo 0.38.0
crystal 1.cr 207ms 2.7ms 2.9MB 200ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 118ms 1.0ms 7.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 2.cr 540ms 2.0ms 3.6MB 450ms 77ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 681ms 2.0ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 17ms 1.0ms 7.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 72ms 0.8ms 4.4MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.17.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.8ms 0.1ms 0.3MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1.go 1.5ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 119ms 2.9ms 56.1MB 333ms 80ms go 1.24.5
go 1-m.go 378ms 12ms 172.9MB 707ms 580ms go 1.24.5
go 2-m.go 401ms 6.5ms 170.4MB 683ms 660ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 1962ms 442ms 300.0MB 300ms 437ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 22ms 13ms 23.8MB 65ms 20ms go 1.24.5
go 2-m.go 24ms 27ms 26.6MB 70ms 90ms go 1.24.5
go 1-m.go 70ms 2.8ms 36.9MB 90ms 100ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 1239ms 102ms 53.0MB 27ms 77ms crystal 1.17.0

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 45ms 2.2ms 39.1MB 37ms 3ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 139ms 1.8ms 18.6MB 130ms 0ms go 1.24.5

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 259ms 16ms 149.3MB 240ms 60ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 751ms 4.5ms 103.6MB 737ms 20ms go 1.24.5

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 676ms 5.9ms 39.5MB 2397ms 27ms go 1.24.5

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 131ms 0.3ms 24.5MB 350ms 20ms go 1.24.5

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 37ms 0.9ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 70ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 3.go 119ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 110ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 3.go 134ms 2.9ms 0.4MB 127ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 105ms 1.9ms 3.0MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 201ms 2.2ms 3.0MB 190ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 3.go 385ms 3.2ms 0.4MB 373ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 3.go 387ms 4.2ms 3.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.5

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 19ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 33ms 1.2ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 3.go 50ms 1.0ms 3.5MB 40ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 3.go 65ms 2.2ms 0.3MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 314ms 1.7ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 2666ms 9.4ms 7.7MB 2660ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 3575ms 6.5ms 3.3MB 3563ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.1ms 5.8MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 113ms 1.1ms 3.6MB 107ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 152ms 3.1ms 0.4MB 147ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 838ms 12ms 64.2MB 820ms 7ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 1027ms 9.5ms 35.4MB 1010ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 2.go 1327ms 3.3ms 51.9MB 1307ms 10ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 1436ms 4.6ms 35.2MB 3040ms 37ms go 1.24.5
go 2-m.go 1649ms 17ms 40.9MB 3633ms 33ms go 1.24.5

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 177ms 4.2ms 22.3MB 160ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 206ms 2.0ms 11.6MB 193ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 2.go 261ms 3.0ms 15.4MB 250ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 327ms 1.0ms 12.2MB 660ms 20ms go 1.24.5
go 2-m.go 368ms 1.6ms 14.0MB 770ms 27ms go 1.24.5

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 345ms 2.9ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 346ms 3.1ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 349ms 3.6ms 0.3MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1.go 350ms 1.9ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms go 1.24.5

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 37ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 37ms 1.3ms 0.3MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1.go 38ms 0.1ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 39ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 301ms 3.1ms 8.3MB 290ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 310ms 6.6ms 71.7MB 297ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 312ms 4.6ms 39.4MB 300ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
crystal 1.cr 420ms 4.6ms 43.0MB 403ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 2.go 470ms 3.8ms 20.0MB 460ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 2.go 787ms 2.0ms 21.8MB 777ms 10ms go 1.24.5

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 63ms 1.9ms 21.6MB 57ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 67ms 2.7ms 10.1MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
crystal 2.cr 74ms 0.2ms 4.5MB 70ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
crystal 1.cr 89ms 0.6ms 13.2MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 2.go 119ms 3.3ms 4.1MB 110ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 2.go 194ms 4.5ms 7.1MB 183ms 0ms go 1.24.5

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1120ms 3.1ms 10.7MB 1103ms 7ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 1960ms 30ms 6.3MB 1927ms 17ms crystal 1.17.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 268ms 3.1ms 8.6MB 257ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 438ms 11ms 5.0MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 120.5MB 4980ms 47ms go 1.24.5
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 83.9MB 4973ms 10ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 1781ms 5.2ms 20.3MB 1773ms 10ms go 1.24.5
go 3.go 2266ms 7.5ms 22.3MB 2247ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 91ms 1.7ms 5.2MB 83ms 0ms go 1.24.5

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 25ms 0.2ms 5.2MB 20ms 0ms go 1.24.5

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1906ms 16ms 5.4MB 7413ms 3ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 3693ms 15ms 5.6MB 3690ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 3758ms 11ms 4.5MB 3750ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 0.5MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 480ms 1.0ms 5.5MB 1843ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 924ms 10ms 3.5MB 917ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 941ms 1.2ms 4.5MB 930ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 1397ms 0.7ms 0.4MB 1390ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 125ms 1.2ms 5.6MB 457ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 233ms 5.1ms 3.5MB 223ms 0ms go 1.24.5
crystal 1.cr 242ms 3.7ms 3.9MB 233ms 0ms crystal 1.17.0
go 1.go 351ms 0.8ms 0.4MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0