Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Go VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon May 19 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 1249ms 9.0ms 55.0MB 1227ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 1320ms 17ms 64.2MB 1293ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1-m.go 2386ms 8.7ms 41.6MB 5307ms 40ms go 1.24.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 107ms 0.7ms 10.9MB 97ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 113ms 1.7ms 5.6MB 100ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 210ms 2.2ms 8.1MB 370ms 10ms go 1.24.3

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 545ms 34ms 15.5MB 2127ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 739ms 8.5ms 268.3MB 683ms 43ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 1575ms 42ms 19.9MB 1510ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 50ms 13ms 7.5MB 167ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 70ms 0.3ms 68.6MB 50ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 88ms 0.4ms 7.1MB 60ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 59ms 1.7ms 6.5MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 118ms 0.8ms 10.2MB 110ms 0ms go 1.24.3

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 22ms 1.6ms 5.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 35ms 1.6ms 8.2MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.3

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 672ms 1.3ms 5.5MB 2597ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 3.go 2021ms 2.1ms 48.8MB 2003ms 3ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 2481ms 14ms 2.9MB 2473ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 73ms 0.4ms 5.5MB 193ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 3.go 194ms 1.1ms 49.1MB 177ms 3ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 205ms 2.2ms 2.9MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 126ms 0.6ms 7.5MB 377ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 2.cr 538ms 3.5ms 3.6MB 450ms 77ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 683ms 3.5ms 14.6MB 583ms 87ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 17ms 0.0ms 7.6MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 2.cr 57ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 72ms 1.4ms 4.9MB 50ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.8ms 0.0ms 0.4MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 1.4ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 1.9ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 127ms 6.3ms 56.1MB 350ms 83ms go 1.24.3
go 2-m.go 394ms 6.3ms 174.8MB 710ms 633ms go 1.24.3
go 1-m.go 400ms 12ms 170.8MB 693ms 633ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 2258ms 384ms 270.5MB 320ms 440ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 30ms 1.2ms 27.6MB 60ms 17ms go 1.24.3
go 2-m.go 72ms 2.9ms 34.9MB 100ms 107ms go 1.24.3
go 1-m.go 75ms 0.8ms 36.6MB 103ms 110ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 1238ms 101ms 54.0MB 37ms 73ms crystal 1.16.3

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 47ms 1.2ms 40.9MB 40ms 7ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 142ms 2.1ms 18.6MB 133ms 0ms go 1.24.3

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 254ms 1.3ms 159.2MB 237ms 53ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 743ms 6.4ms 104.9MB 730ms 17ms go 1.24.3

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 691ms 14ms 39.6MB 2427ms 27ms go 1.24.3

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 133ms 2.9ms 22.8MB 353ms 23ms go 1.24.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 1.4ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 64ms 1.6ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 3.go 120ms 3.2ms 3.5MB 113ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 3.go 133ms 2.2ms 0.5MB 123ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 100ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 185ms 1.4ms 3.0MB 173ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 3.go 386ms 1.4ms 0.5MB 380ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 3.go 390ms 6.6ms 3.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.3

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.3ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 31ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 3.go 51ms 0.8ms 3.5MB 40ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 3.go 65ms 2.7ms 0.4MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 313ms 0.5ms 9.2MB 300ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 3228ms 12ms 7.7MB 3223ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 4064ms 9.9ms 3.4MB 4057ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.1ms 6.1MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 136ms 1.0ms 3.7MB 130ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 173ms 4.0ms 0.5MB 167ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 820ms 45ms 63.1MB 800ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 868ms 11ms 64.2MB 840ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
go 2.go 1144ms 3.1ms 55.0MB 1120ms 3ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 1485ms 22ms 40.9MB 3127ms 40ms go 1.24.3
go 2-m.go 1732ms 20ms 47.1MB 3760ms 50ms go 1.24.3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 174ms 2.9ms 9.8MB 160ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 180ms 3.2ms 22.3MB 163ms 3ms crystal 1.16.3
go 2.go 213ms 5.6ms 17.2MB 197ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1-m.go 334ms 1.2ms 12.1MB 667ms 27ms go 1.24.3
go 2-m.go 375ms 1.6ms 13.9MB 780ms 33ms go 1.24.3

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 344ms 1.1ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 345ms 2.6ms 3.3MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 349ms 0.2ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 353ms 6.1ms 0.4MB 343ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 37ms 0.6ms 0.4MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.2ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 38ms 1.3ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 2.cr 39ms 1.3ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 301ms 21ms 39.5MB 287ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 307ms 11ms 71.6MB 293ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 2.cr 347ms 2.0ms 8.2MB 340ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 2.go 427ms 3.7ms 20.4MB 413ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
crystal 1.cr 445ms 17ms 42.9MB 430ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 2.go 746ms 1.8ms 21.7MB 733ms 10ms go 1.24.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 53ms 2.6ms 10.1MB 43ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 1.go 58ms 1.1ms 21.6MB 50ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 2.cr 88ms 2.0ms 4.4MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 91ms 3.3ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 2.go 109ms 1.9ms 4.9MB 100ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0
go 2.go 181ms 2.1ms 5.8MB 170ms 0ms go 1.24.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1191ms 8.1ms 8.6MB 1180ms 3ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 1817ms 20ms 6.3MB 1793ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 283ms 4.5ms 8.6MB 273ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 445ms 4.2ms 5.0MB 433ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 122.2MB 4987ms 50ms go 1.24.3
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 123.4MB 4977ms 10ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 1750ms 14ms 20.3MB 1727ms 30ms go 1.24.3
go 3.go 2262ms 24ms 27.0MB 2247ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 91ms 2.0ms 5.1MB 87ms 0ms go 1.24.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 27ms 0.8ms 5.2MB 20ms 0ms go 1.24.3

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1909ms 16ms 5.6MB 7410ms 7ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 3665ms 9.0ms 5.6MB 3663ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 3761ms 7.0ms 4.5MB 3750ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 0.5MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 480ms 0.9ms 5.5MB 1843ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 915ms 1.2ms 3.5MB 910ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 948ms 1.7ms 4.4MB 940ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 1396ms 0.6ms 0.5MB 1390ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 125ms 0.1ms 5.5MB 450ms 0ms go 1.24.3
go 1.go 233ms 2.1ms 3.5MB 223ms 0ms go 1.24.3
crystal 1.cr 240ms 2.2ms 3.9MB 230ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
go 1.go 352ms 1.1ms 0.4MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.37.0