Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Wasm VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jul 13 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 502ms 0.9ms 575.9MB 597ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 5.rs 1739ms 5.1ms 34.0MB 1720ms 7ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 4.rs 1815ms 23ms 34.1MB 1793ms 10ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 3.rs 1852ms 9.2ms 50.0MB 1823ms 17ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 4076ms 141ms 134.1MB 4270ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.3ms 159.4MB 143ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 5.rs 171ms 1.3ms 20.0MB 157ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 4.rs 174ms 3.1ms 20.0MB 163ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 3.rs 180ms 3.2ms 22.0MB 163ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 232ms 38ms 17.6MB 243ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 1098ms 7.8ms 20.3MB 1083ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 1827ms 163ms 237.7MB 6800ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2186ms 6.6ms 220.6MB 2997ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4215ms 20ms 21.1MB 14100ms 557ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.3MB 5513ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 3.rs 78ms 3.2ms 18.7MB 63ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 247ms 1.2ms 21.4MB 833ms 37ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 402ms 30ms 17.5MB 410ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 479ms 3.4ms 75.2MB 1080ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 877ms 85ms 99.4MB 3073ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 420ms 3.1ms 19.6MB 407ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 114ms 1.7ms 19.0MB 100ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 4157ms 18ms 17.8MB 4143ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 349ms 4.0ms 17.7MB 337ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 234ms 2.4ms 18.2MB 220ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 31ms 0.4ms 18.3MB 20ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
wasm 1.rs 6.7ms 0.5ms 18.2MB 0ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 62ms 0.6ms 47.7MB 74ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 91ms 1.1ms 18.2MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 2.kt 166ms 1.3ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 192ms 1.4ms 95.1MB 327ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 201ms 1.3ms 101.4MB 460ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 355ms 2.2ms 12.5MB 360ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 252ms 3.4ms 17.9MB 240ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 2-m.kt 315ms 3.2ms 213.2MB 557ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 7.7ms 202.9MB 473ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 477ms 5.7ms 12.4MB 507ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1032ms 3.9ms 12.5MB 1060ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 46ms 0.9ms 17.7MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.6ms 12.8MB 87ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 120ms 1.0ms 12.8MB 120ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 2.7ms 91.1MB 290ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 167ms 13ms 96.2MB 343ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 8.rs 827ms 0.7ms 21.3MB 810ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 8.rs 42ms 0.5ms 18.4MB 30ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 387ms 9.9ms 680.6MB 443ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 870ms 7.8ms 42.1MB 847ms 10ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 1895ms 31ms 90.1MB 1967ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 155ms 0.4ms 207.1MB 213ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 192ms 2.6ms 24.1MB 177ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 267ms 13ms 25.5MB 270ms 13ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 354ms 5.0ms 3.6MB 343ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
wasm 1.rs 405ms 1.9ms 18.0MB 390ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 0.3ms 49.2MB 487ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 2.rs 564ms 4.6ms 18.1MB 553ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 1.6ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
wasm 1.rs 47ms 0.1ms 18.1MB 37ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 2.rs 65ms 1.7ms 18.1MB 50ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 1.7ms 49.5MB 170ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 387ms 3.2ms 22.9MB 373ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 1.rs 463ms 2.4ms 57.0MB 447ms 3ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 92ms 3.2ms 27.9MB 80ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 2.rs 100ms 2.0ms 19.3MB 90ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 2143ms 4.7ms 19.0MB 2127ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1.kt 3757ms 42ms 354.4MB 4560ms 113ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 3957ms 1507ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5110ms 133ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 506ms 0.5ms 18.3MB 490ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 990ms 32ms 353.0MB 1737ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3987ms 1517ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5117ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3105ms 26ms 233.3MB 3997ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
wasm 1.rs 3418ms 14ms 18.1MB 3407ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 1.rs 866ms 6.0ms 17.8MB 853ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
kotlin 1-m.kt 1013ms 41ms 232.1MB 1923ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 3597ms 3.4ms 17.7MB 3583ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 7.rs 4892ms 1.4ms 19.8MB 4880ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 906ms 1.0ms 18.3MB 893ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 7.rs 1231ms 2.6ms 17.7MB 1217ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
wasm 2.rs 234ms 0.9ms 17.8MB 220ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1
wasm 7.rs 314ms 0.5ms 18.1MB 300ms 0ms wasmtime 34.0.1