Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Rust VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Nov 16 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.3ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 1.rs 1.3ms 0.1ms 1.8MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 55ms 4.0ms 47.5MB 58ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 252ms 8.8ms 4.9MB 243ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 306ms 1.5ms 4.9MB 297ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 9.rs 13ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 15ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 165ms 2.7ms 1.8MB 153ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 7-i.rs 236ms 1.4ms 1.9MB 230ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 239ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 223ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 278ms 0.5ms 1.8MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 280ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
kotlin 1n.kt 407ms 3.5ms 4.6MB 397ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 2.0ms 49.1MB 483ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 19ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 7-i.rs 26ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 26ms 0.3ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 30ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 2.rs 30ms 0.0ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1n.kt 45ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 118ms 1.0ms 49.6MB 160ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 496ms 0.1ms 4.5MB 1907ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 498ms 0.3ms 4.2MB 1917ms 3ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 8.rs 1010ms 2.8ms 2.4MB 1000ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 1936ms 2.2ms 4.1MB 7590ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 7.rs 2078ms 11ms 1.9MB 2067ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 4188ms 1.3ms 2.0MB 4177ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 128ms 0.4ms 4.2MB 467ms 3ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 7-m.rs 128ms 0.2ms 4.1MB 467ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 8.rs 255ms 0.6ms 2.1MB 247ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 488ms 1.2ms 4.1MB 1873ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 7.rs 529ms 14ms 1.8MB 517ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 1049ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 1040ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 36ms 0.3ms 6.1MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 8-m.rs 36ms 0.4ms 6.1MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 8.rs 66ms 0.9ms 2.0MB 57ms 0ms rustc 1.84.0-nightly
rust 2-m.rs 126ms 0.2ms 4.1MB 467ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 7.rs 135ms 3.0ms 1.8MB 123ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 266ms 1.0ms 1.9MB 253ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 475ms 17ms 579.4MB 547ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 4.rs 1243ms 6.8ms 33.8MB 1220ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5.rs 1316ms 2.7ms 33.8MB 1293ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 1481ms 17ms 49.8MB 1453ms 17ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3085ms 72ms 252.5MB 5140ms 680ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 102ms 2.5ms 160.0MB 107ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 4.rs 119ms 2.8ms 5.8MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5.rs 126ms 3.2ms 5.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 141ms 2.4ms 7.8MB 130ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 266ms 3.6ms 32.5MB 413ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-m.rs 523ms 46ms 11.1MB 1937ms 87ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5-m.rs 676ms 26ms 7.5MB 2553ms 73ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1-m.rs 966ms 13ms 10.4MB 3450ms 323ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 1129ms 26ms 9.3MB 1077ms 40ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1840ms 308ms 239.6MB 6827ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 4.rs 1909ms 15ms 7.5MB 1890ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1.kt 2169ms 43ms 219.8MB 3023ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.7MB 6043ms 460ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 73.0MB 19093ms 107ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 50ms 2.2ms 7.2MB 143ms 10ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3-m.rs 50ms 3.1ms 6.4MB 157ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 71ms 2.4ms 4.0MB 57ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1-m.rs 80ms 7.5ms 9.8MB 233ms 43ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 4.rs 115ms 3.7ms 3.4MB 103ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 395ms 5.2ms 34.8MB 1433ms 40ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 464ms 3.6ms 73.7MB 1043ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 674ms 5.0ms 10.9MB 807ms 53ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 883ms 143ms 98.4MB 3080ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 117ms 2.2ms 3.6MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 421ms 2.0ms 3.6MB 410ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 33ms 0.9ms 2.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 78ms 1.3ms 3.0MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 411ms 7.0ms 4.0MB 1563ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5-m.rs 575ms 3.2ms 4.0MB 2170ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-im.rs 636ms 0.6ms 6.0MB 2410ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1-m.rs 994ms 4.8ms 6.0MB 3793ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3-i.rs 1492ms 0.6ms 1.9MB 1480ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-i.rs 1785ms 3.5ms 1.8MB 1777ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 2696ms 3.0ms 1.8MB 2687ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 38ms 0.2ms 4.0MB 120ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5-m.rs 56ms 0.5ms 4.0MB 173ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-im.rs 61ms 2.5ms 6.0MB 197ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1-m.rs 89ms 2.0ms 4.0MB 303ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3-i.rs 125ms 0.2ms 1.9MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-i.rs 151ms 0.2ms 1.8MB 140ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 228ms 2.5ms 1.8MB 217ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 89ms 1.0ms 4.8MB 240ms 3ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5-m.rs 99ms 1.4ms 4.8MB 323ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1c.rs 162ms 0.6ms 1.9MB 150ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 195ms 0.9ms 1.9MB 180ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 16ms 0.4ms 4.8MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 5-m.rs 17ms 0.8ms 4.9MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1c.rs 19ms 0.6ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 22ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 334ms 31ms 48.5MB 133ms 340ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-http2.rs 406ms 99ms 66.1MB 637ms 483ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-m.rs 499ms 44ms 87.2MB 220ms 833ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1-http2.rs 535ms 89ms 71.7MB 747ms 743ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 4705ms 97ms 372.4MB 14620ms 2427ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 382.6MB 16320ms 2680ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 93ms 4.5ms 17.2MB 20ms 63ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 130ms 8.5ms 31.2MB 37ms 153ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2-http2.rs 193ms 20ms 27.7MB 263ms 153ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1-http2.rs 306ms 52ms 35.1MB 673ms 217ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2187ms 374ms 258.9MB 6430ms 637ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2195ms 62ms 249.1MB 5710ms 610ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 29ms 2.1ms 9.8MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 4-i.rs 30ms 2.3ms 7.9MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 61ms 0.5ms 33.8MB 37ms 13ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 64ms 1.7ms 35.5MB 40ms 10ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 102ms 2.0ms 69.1MB 53ms 33ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 893ms 18ms 206.2MB 2427ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 208ms 0.9ms 52.8MB 177ms 13ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 4-i.rs 241ms 2.7ms 54.5MB 200ms 27ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 403ms 2.8ms 238.0MB 307ms 80ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 3.rs 414ms 4.2ms 238.3MB 307ms 97ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 687ms 5.7ms 551.0MB 437ms 237ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2296ms 21ms 773.1MB 4957ms 173ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 232ms 10ms 30.6MB 683ms 10ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 8.rs 479ms 3.9ms 23.8MB 457ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 30ms 1.8ms 14.6MB 57ms 3ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 8.rs 60ms 2.9ms 11.6MB 43ms 7ms rustc 1.82.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 42ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 50ms 12ms 2.0MB 37ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 179ms 2.4ms 96.4MB 293ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 193ms 1.1ms 103.4MB 407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 304ms 3.0ms 7.9MB 427ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 515ms 18ms 7.8MB 623ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 155ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 150ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 205ms 20ms 2.0MB 193ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 304ms 11ms 212.8MB 533ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 325ms 2.9ms 202.8MB 440ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 898ms 0.8ms 7.8MB 1297ms 43ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1591ms 14ms 7.9MB 1973ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 26ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 29ms 0.5ms 1.9MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 140ms 3.1ms 90.2MB 267ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 142ms 3.9ms 5.7MB 200ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 154ms 12ms 98.0MB 293ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 170ms 6.0ms 5.7MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 350ms 2.1ms 679.4MB 383ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 1.rs 687ms 1.6ms 33.8MB 663ms 10ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1501ms 11ms 136.5MB 2307ms 327ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 127ms 2.6ms 206.6MB 150ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
rust 1.rs 148ms 2.0ms 9.8MB 133ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 314ms 24ms 40.5MB 453ms 73ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 307ms 2.9ms 40.9MB 290ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 321ms 3.0ms 6.6MB 310ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 60ms 3.1ms 11.6MB 50ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 79ms 0.3ms 2.9MB 70ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1529ms 13ms 2.9MB 1287ms 217ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 1708ms 5.9ms 2.7MB 1613ms 77ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1.kt 3780ms 66ms 353.7MB 4587ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.6MB 6390ms 297ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4990ms 167ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 322ms 1.3ms 2.4MB 293ms 13ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 2.rs 379ms 1.9ms 2.5MB 367ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 992ms 31ms 352.8MB 1700ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.3MB 6427ms 263ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5007ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 459ms 26ms 80.3MB 473ms 17ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.4MB 5383ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.0MB 5193ms 690ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 52ms 2.2ms 11.3MB 47ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 816ms 17ms 133.5MB 1237ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3103ms 11ms 67.1MB 3820ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 117ms 0.1ms 1.9MB 110ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 1418ms 14ms 2.0MB 1403ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1.kt 3097ms 63ms 230.9MB 3970ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 32ms 0.9ms 1.8MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
rust 1.rs 360ms 1.8ms 2.0MB 347ms 0ms rustc 1.82.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 971ms 46ms 231.8MB 1847ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21