Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Go VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Dec 31 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 455ms 16ms 575.5MB 540ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1-m.go 2534ms 14ms 41.9MB 5390ms 50ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 2615ms 48ms 52.2MB 2603ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2928ms 6.8ms 248.5MB 4967ms 627ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 95ms 2.4ms 158.2MB 103ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 219ms 1.4ms 6.8MB 210ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 1-m.go 225ms 0.9ms 7.9MB 373ms 13ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 257ms 6.2ms 32.6MB 400ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 472ms 45ms 15.6MB 1830ms 3ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 1209ms 15ms 256.6MB 1177ms 20ms tinygo 0.35.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1799ms 182ms 235.5MB 6667ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2058ms 23ms 217.3MB 2833ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 6030ms 500ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 52.1MB 19097ms 113ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 39ms 6.3ms 7.5MB 127ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 214ms 5.5ms 65.8MB 200ms 3ms tinygo 0.35.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 366ms 8.9ms 38.2MB 1350ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 450ms 15ms 73.3MB 1017ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 646ms 7.8ms 10.8MB 807ms 53ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 757ms 71ms 99.7MB 2643ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 113ms 2.3ms 8.5MB 107ms 0ms go 1.23.4

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 35ms 1.8ms 8.2MB 27ms 0ms go 1.23.4

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 686ms 4.4ms 3.5MB 2637ms 3ms go 1.23.4
go 3.go 2155ms 14ms 50.1MB 2147ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 73ms 1.5ms 3.5MB 193ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 3.go 459ms 3.7ms 48.8MB 447ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 123ms 1.8ms 5.4MB 377ms 7ms go 1.23.4

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 17ms 0.2ms 5.4MB 30ms 0ms go 1.23.4

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.5ms 0.0ms 0.1MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 1.go 1.3ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 55ms 4.2ms 47.4MB 46ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 107ms 6.3ms 59.5MB 310ms 60ms go 1.23.4
go 1-m.go 457ms 4.6ms 172.4MB 660ms 590ms go 1.23.4
go 2-m.go 464ms 18ms 178.4MB 627ms 640ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 4837ms 51ms 400.1MB 14360ms 2470ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.3MB 16127ms 2747ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 20ms 10ms 26.8MB 45ms 20ms go 1.23.4
go 2-m.go 98ms 14ms 40.3MB 67ms 110ms go 1.23.4
go 1-m.go 112ms 11ms 44.6MB 123ms 120ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 2173ms 206ms 269.1MB 6403ms 597ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 2226ms 288ms 241.9MB 2337ms 253ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 42ms 0.5ms 42.9MB 40ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 135ms 3.3ms 18.4MB 123ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 863ms 53ms 202.0MB 2353ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 237ms 12ms 150.0MB 220ms 43ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 742ms 2.7ms 104.7MB 723ms 20ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 2217ms 99ms 784.2MB 4773ms 140ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 745ms 2.7ms 42.1MB 2660ms 20ms go 1.23.4

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 139ms 3.0ms 29.7MB 357ms 37ms go 1.23.4

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 121ms 2.6ms 0.3MB 113ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 3.go 122ms 1.2ms 3.4MB 110ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 172ms 3.8ms 94.9MB 283ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 188ms 5.4ms 102.2MB 397ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 285ms 1.3ms 7.8MB 413ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 501ms 15ms 7.8MB 600ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 298ms 25ms 214.4MB 503ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 308ms 0.6ms 204.7MB 413ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 361ms 0.7ms 2.3MB 350ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 3.go 366ms 2.2ms 3.4MB 357ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 2.kt 863ms 8.2ms 7.6MB 1240ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1456ms 8.2ms 7.9MB 1763ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 61ms 0.9ms 0.1MB 50ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 3.go 66ms 2.1ms 5.5MB 60ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 132ms 1.5ms 92.4MB 250ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 134ms 3.9ms 5.7MB 190ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 159ms 9.9ms 90.8MB 307ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 162ms 4.0ms 5.8MB 207ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 2525ms 9.4ms 7.5MB 2513ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 3539ms 17ms 4.4MB 3527ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 110ms 3.5ms 3.4MB 103ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 146ms 1.3ms 2.1MB 140ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 329ms 3.6ms 677.6MB 360ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 1426ms 20ms 136.5MB 2193ms 330ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1-m.go 1523ms 5.6ms 36.8MB 3107ms 37ms go 1.23.4
go 2-m.go 1741ms 13ms 43.1MB 3667ms 37ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 1890ms 41ms 52.1MB 1877ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 2.go 2426ms 14ms 120.4MB 2400ms 10ms tinygo 0.35.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 2.0ms 206.5MB 157ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 283ms 1.7ms 40.4MB 410ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1-m.go 349ms 4.9ms 14.1MB 667ms 23ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 358ms 5.5ms 13.6MB 347ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 2-m.go 388ms 1.9ms 14.2MB 777ms 27ms go 1.23.4
go 2.go 523ms 7.2ms 22.8MB 510ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 331ms 6.3ms 0.1MB 323ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 1.go 344ms 2.0ms 3.4MB 337ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1n.kt 386ms 8.6ms 4.7MB 373ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 422ms 3.5ms 49.7MB 463ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 34ms 0.8ms 0.1MB 20ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 1.go 38ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1n.kt 43ms 0.8ms 4.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 112ms 0.7ms 49.4MB 150ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 283ms 2.3ms 73.6MB 270ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 317ms 10.0ms 43.3MB 307ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 2.go 413ms 8.6ms 17.3MB 403ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 2.go 742ms 11ms 21.8MB 727ms 7ms go 1.23.4

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 54ms 2.1ms 21.6MB 43ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 65ms 0.1ms 13.3MB 53ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 2.go 101ms 1.3ms 4.9MB 90ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
go 2.go 188ms 1.4ms 5.9MB 177ms 0ms go 1.23.4

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1054ms 8.1ms 8.5MB 1043ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1.kt 3505ms 35ms 353.8MB 4313ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.5MB 6350ms 310ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 13.3MB 4990ms 177ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 254ms 6.5ms 8.4MB 243ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 939ms 37ms 355.0MB 1617ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6420ms 257ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5000ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 122.4MB 4977ms 47ms go 1.23.4
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 106.6MB 4983ms 3ms tinygo 0.35.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.4MB 5370ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 278.9MB 5463ms 463ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 759ms 8.2ms 133.8MB 1143ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 1730ms 61ms 20.3MB 1703ms 27ms go 1.23.4
go 3.go 2365ms 25ms 28.8MB 2350ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0
kotlin 1n.kt 2968ms 26ms 65.1MB 3653ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 135ms 2.4ms 12.0MB 130ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1.kt 2939ms 35ms 231.8MB 3747ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 43ms 1.0ms 9.5MB 33ms 0ms go 1.23.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 926ms 27ms 209.8MB 1550ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1818ms 34ms 5.4MB 6960ms 13ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 3496ms 38ms 5.5MB 3487ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 0.5MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 453ms 6.4ms 5.4MB 1723ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 887ms 4.1ms 3.4MB 873ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 1335ms 3.6ms 2.1MB 1323ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 117ms 0.9ms 5.4MB 417ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 224ms 4.2ms 3.4MB 217ms 0ms go 1.23.4
go 1.go 333ms 7.4ms 0.3MB 323ms 0ms tinygo 0.35.0