Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Go VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Dec 01 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 480ms 16ms 575.9MB 567ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1-m.go 2710ms 23ms 43.6MB 5730ms 53ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 3116ms 32ms 248.5MB 5177ms 713ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1.go 3491ms 59ms 52.2MB 3473ms 3ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 102ms 1.9ms 158.0MB 110ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 1.go 229ms 5.1ms 5.6MB 213ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1-m.go 238ms 2.0ms 8.2MB 400ms 7ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 299ms 30ms 32.5MB 463ms 60ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 475ms 53ms 15.6MB 1840ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 1414ms 6.0ms 256.2MB 1393ms 7ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1604ms 72ms 235.4MB 5907ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2135ms 35ms 220.1MB 2943ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.9MB 6260ms 513ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 85.0MB 19090ms 157ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 40ms 5.4ms 7.5MB 123ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 257ms 2.0ms 66.7MB 240ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 419ms 4.7ms 54.7MB 1533ms 27ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 483ms 3.9ms 74.0MB 1130ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 678ms 2.7ms 10.8MB 817ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 790ms 26ms 99.0MB 2727ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 119ms 0.4ms 8.4MB 110ms 0ms go 1.23.3

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 36ms 1.0ms 8.3MB 27ms 0ms go 1.23.3

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 737ms 23ms 5.5MB 2773ms 7ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 2272ms 8.6ms 50.2MB 2253ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 75ms 0.6ms 5.5MB 200ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 485ms 0.5ms 50.2MB 470ms 3ms tinygo 0.34.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 128ms 0.9ms 5.4MB 397ms 3ms go 1.23.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 18ms 0.2ms 5.5MB 37ms 0ms go 1.23.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.7ms 0.3ms 0.1MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 1.5ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt 2.4ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 58ms 4.7ms 47.4MB 56ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 121ms 2.2ms 65.8MB 333ms 80ms go 1.23.3
go 1-m.go 469ms 13ms 178.2MB 657ms 693ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 471ms 13ms 172.3MB 627ms 700ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 394.9MB 16237ms 2760ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 429.2MB 15370ms 2387ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-http2.go 28ms 3.1ms 23.0MB 57ms 10ms go 1.23.3
go 1-m.go 96ms 6.3ms 36.5MB 77ms 127ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 112ms 12ms 42.5MB 93ms 133ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 2-m.kt 2027ms 55ms 244.2MB 5847ms 583ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 2574ms 75ms 211.5MB 7400ms 730ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 45ms 1.4ms 40.7MB 40ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 140ms 2.7ms 18.4MB 133ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 892ms 33ms 202.2MB 2373ms 113ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 2-ffi.go 243ms 4.9ms 150.6MB 227ms 37ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 777ms 6.4ms 106.8MB 757ms 23ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 2318ms 69ms 758.1MB 5017ms 187ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 794ms 3.9ms 40.6MB 2797ms 37ms go 1.23.3

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 147ms 0.5ms 25.9MB 380ms 27ms go 1.23.3

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 132ms 1.8ms 3.4MB 123ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 135ms 3.9ms 0.3MB 127ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 185ms 5.2ms 96.3MB 300ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 198ms 2.7ms 103.3MB 427ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 303ms 3.4ms 7.6MB 423ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 505ms 3.2ms 7.8MB 597ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 310ms 1.0ms 213.2MB 547ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 329ms 4.8ms 204.6MB 437ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 380ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 370ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 391ms 5.4ms 2.3MB 383ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2.kt 910ms 4.1ms 7.8MB 1313ms 40ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1549ms 11ms 7.8MB 1893ms 20ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go 68ms 0.8ms 5.4MB 57ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 69ms 1.6ms 0.1MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 2.kt 137ms 0.1ms 5.7MB 190ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 142ms 1.1ms 90.9MB 277ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 158ms 11ms 93.7MB 300ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 166ms 2.7ms 5.8MB 203ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 2674ms 30ms 7.4MB 2667ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 4013ms 30ms 5.4MB 4000ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 113ms 1.1ms 3.4MB 100ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 169ms 3.0ms 0.3MB 160ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 353ms 4.0ms 679.4MB 377ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 1537ms 54ms 136.5MB 2363ms 343ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1-m.go 1640ms 27ms 40.9MB 3297ms 47ms go 1.23.3
go 2-m.go 1886ms 10ms 43.0MB 3980ms 47ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 1934ms 5.2ms 52.1MB 1923ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 3292ms 35ms 90.4MB 3277ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 131ms 0.9ms 206.5MB 157ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1-m.kt 319ms 4.8ms 40.5MB 470ms 77ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
go 1-m.go 365ms 2.1ms 14.1MB 707ms 20ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 383ms 2.4ms 13.4MB 367ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2-m.go 412ms 1.3ms 14.1MB 833ms 33ms go 1.23.3
go 2.go 634ms 12ms 29.7MB 623ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 344ms 0.4ms 0.1MB 337ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 361ms 1.5ms 3.4MB 347ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1n.kt 407ms 3.6ms 4.7MB 400ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 446ms 1.4ms 49.5MB 480ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 38ms 0.6ms 0.1MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 40ms 1.0ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1n.kt 46ms 0.7ms 4.7MB 40ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 123ms 1.1ms 49.4MB 163ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 312ms 0.7ms 73.6MB 293ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 318ms 4.6ms 42.9MB 307ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 432ms 2.1ms 18.0MB 420ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 787ms 2.3ms 21.9MB 780ms 0ms go 1.23.3

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 57ms 0.9ms 13.7MB 47ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 1.go 60ms 4.2ms 21.6MB 50ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 2.go 117ms 6.5ms 5.9MB 107ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
go 2.go 196ms 2.3ms 6.3MB 183ms 0ms go 1.23.3

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1129ms 4.6ms 8.4MB 1110ms 7ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt 3707ms 69ms 352.5MB 4577ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 20.9MB 6393ms 267ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 4993ms 160ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 272ms 4.4ms 8.4MB 263ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 1004ms 32ms 354.5MB 1770ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6367ms 263ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 5000ms 160ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 122.2MB 4977ms 47ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 104.3MB 4980ms 3ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.4MB 5410ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 279.1MB 4977ms 917ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 814ms 12ms 134.0MB 1243ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
go 3.go 1824ms 69ms 20.0MB 1810ms 20ms go 1.23.3
go 3.go 2414ms 11ms 29.9MB 2403ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0
kotlin 1n.kt 3217ms 72ms 65.1MB 4043ms 10ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 141ms 1.8ms 13.5MB 130ms 3ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1.kt 3074ms 58ms 231.7MB 3977ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 0-ffi.go 47ms 0.4ms 12.0MB 37ms 0ms go 1.23.3
kotlin 1-m.kt 1039ms 9.3ms 232.3MB 1953ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1907ms 17ms 5.4MB 7330ms 10ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 3680ms 35ms 5.4MB 3673ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 0.5MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 479ms 0.2ms 5.5MB 1817ms 3ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 934ms 5.6ms 3.4MB 927ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 1390ms 1.4ms 0.4MB 1380ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 126ms 0.7ms 5.4MB 447ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 234ms 4.3ms 3.4MB 223ms 0ms go 1.23.3
go 1.go 349ms 0.1ms 0.3MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.34.0