Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Dart VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Apr 14 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 513ms 4.4ms 577.8MB 603ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 1.dart 726ms 7.5ms 80.8MB 697ms 40ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 4515ms 38ms 146.1MB 4703ms 67ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 76ms 1.2ms 42.9MB 50ms 13ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 126ms 1.8ms 161.2MB 150ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 318ms 32ms 17.9MB 327ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 2184ms 180ms 244.6MB 8133ms 130ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2217ms 57ms 220.3MB 3067ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4498ms 30ms 21.5MB 14707ms 610ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 4874ms 23ms 19.4MB 5347ms 77ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5523ms 30ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 253ms 6.4ms 21.3MB 847ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 338ms 3.7ms 10.3MB 340ms 13ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 409ms 11ms 17.4MB 420ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 492ms 12ms 77.2MB 1140ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 969ms 186ms 109.2MB 3360ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 3672ms 17ms 18.0MB 3643ms 27ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 602ms 2.4ms 10.4MB 577ms 17ms dart/exe 3.7.2

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 2725ms 4.7ms 6.3MB 2717ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 223ms 3.1ms 6.3MB 210ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 362ms 1.9ms 8.6MB 350ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 43ms 0.6ms 8.9MB 30ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.1ms 0.1ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 3.4ms 0.2ms 5.1MB 0ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 67ms 2.3ms 47.7MB 82ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 1430ms 30ms 94.6MB 1343ms 1570ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 1.dart 4570ms 155ms 103.6MB 1527ms 1790ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.5MB 16143ms 2733ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt timeout 0.0ms 458.9MB 15747ms 2687ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 264ms 3.6ms 50.1MB 190ms 297ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 1.dart 2030ms 503ms 50.5MB 167ms 273ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2223ms 205ms 254.3MB 6403ms 687ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2233ms 250ms 249.5MB 6100ms 650ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 165ms 2.5ms 53.4MB 140ms 20ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 773ms 88ms 172.2MB 2063ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 1499ms 19ms 205.3MB 1737ms 110ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1862ms 58ms 671.6MB 4417ms 173ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3-m.dart 1093ms 17ms 274.3MB 3243ms 97ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3-m.dart 204ms 3.3ms 195.2MB 510ms 63ms dart/exe 3.7.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 163ms 5.4ms 9.4MB 153ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 2.kt 171ms 2.7ms 12.4MB 173ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 200ms 3.0ms 96.7MB 333ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 212ms 8.2ms 105.3MB 453ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 357ms 2.2ms 12.5MB 363ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 498ms 2.6ms 9.3MB 490ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 325ms 2.7ms 215.9MB 557ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 2.7ms 204.8MB 463ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 476ms 6.0ms 12.6MB 507ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 2.dart 476ms 1.7ms 9.3MB 463ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 1043ms 15ms 12.6MB 1080ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 1484ms 9.2ms 9.3MB 1467ms 3ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 77ms 1.0ms 9.5MB 67ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.7ms 12.8MB 87ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 117ms 0.8ms 8.6MB 103ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 2.7ms 12.9MB 117ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 1.4ms 92.7MB 320ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 167ms 2.2ms 98.3MB 350ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 314ms 2.9ms 63.6MB 290ms 20ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 391ms 4.1ms 682.5MB 453ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2170ms 19ms 88.8MB 2273ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 83ms 1.2ms 43.8MB 60ms 13ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 163ms 0.8ms 209.4MB 213ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 426ms 7.1ms 25.7MB 437ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 352ms 1.7ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 3.dart 406ms 0.2ms 6.5MB 397ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 448ms 1.3ms 49.3MB 493ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.9ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 3.dart 46ms 1.1ms 6.3MB 40ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 126ms 3.5ms 49.4MB 173ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 1341ms 4.8ms 14.6MB 1313ms 30ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt 3792ms 49ms 385.9MB 4713ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 27.0MB 4077ms 1520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.4MB 5163ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 331ms 2.9ms 14.8MB 307ms 17ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 992ms 27ms 355.5MB 1823ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 4110ms 1483ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5130ms 163ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart timeout 0.0ms 188.0MB 4990ms 43ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.6MB 5427ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5100ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 561ms 17ms 43.3MB 543ms 10ms dart/exe 3.7.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 856ms 18ms 134.4MB 1317ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3255ms 36ms 51.1MB 3353ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 3773ms 11ms 6.4MB 3760ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 2.dart 4339ms 3.8ms 6.5MB 4330ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 945ms 0.3ms 6.3MB 933ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 2.dart 1092ms 3.1ms 6.3MB 1080ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 241ms 2.2ms 6.3MB 230ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2
dart 2.dart 279ms 3.2ms 6.3MB 270ms 0ms dart/exe 3.7.2