Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Java VS Go benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 460ms 9.2ms 574.1MB 553ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 470ms 8.8ms 624.4MB 577ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 480ms 9.9ms 640.7MB 680ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 1176ms 13ms 1047.1MB 593ms 757ms openjdk/zgc 21
go 1.go 1726ms 16ms 51.9MB 1707ms 10ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 2343ms 11ms 41.9MB 5213ms 33ms go 1.24.5

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 120ms 4.9ms 168.1MB 150ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 123ms 0.5ms 97.0MB 173ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 144ms 3.8ms 224.3MB 210ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
go 1.go 152ms 0.5ms 5.0MB 140ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 207ms 1.7ms 8.3MB 367ms 7ms go 1.24.5
java 2.java 304ms 3.3ms 241.5MB 163ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 118ms 0.3ms 10.5MB 110ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1-m.java 602ms 6.6ms 411.7MB 1153ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 633ms 49ms 246.2MB 1660ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 649ms 44ms 264.8MB 1710ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 984ms 28ms 530.2MB 1703ms 417ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 33ms 0.4ms 8.2MB 23ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1-m.java 306ms 11ms 225.9MB 603ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 335ms 14ms 179.8MB 920ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 367ms 12ms 110.6MB 1010ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 491ms 3.2ms 216.5MB 947ms 217ms openjdk/zgc 21

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 724ms 0.6ms 5.5MB 2807ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 3-m.go 725ms 2.0ms 3.0MB 2653ms 50ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1-m.java 901ms 5.9ms 96.3MB 3333ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 977ms 10ms 48.5MB 3650ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 989ms 7.9ms 50.1MB 3647ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1042ms 4.8ms 45.7MB 3417ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 75ms 0.4ms 5.5MB 210ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 3-m.go 103ms 4.4ms 3.0MB 190ms 33ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1-m.java 188ms 18ms 48.6MB 537ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 195ms 1.4ms 50.2MB 520ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 202ms 10ms 96.3MB 560ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 309ms 8.1ms 46.1MB 513ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 118ms 1.0ms 7.5MB 380ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 4.java 444ms 5.1ms 102.5MB 623ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 449ms 3.8ms 47.3MB 530ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 459ms 2.0ms 49.0MB 543ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 565ms 3.7ms 45.2MB 533ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3-m.go 17ms 1.0ms 7.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 4.java 118ms 6.7ms 46.6MB 160ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4-m.java 125ms 7.8ms 89.8MB 170ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 125ms 0.3ms 47.7MB 167ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 239ms 8.3ms 44.0MB 157ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 0.8ms 0.1ms 0.3MB 0ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1.go 1.5ms 0.1ms 3.4MB 0ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1.java 62ms 1.4ms 52.9MB 64ms 20ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 4.7ms 43.9MB 78ms 10ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.9ms 44.7MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 186ms 3.9ms 42.9MB 82ms 132ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 676ms 5.9ms 39.5MB 2397ms 27ms go 1.24.5
java 3-m.java 1059ms 24ms 128.6MB 3640ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1069ms 27ms 156.2MB 3697ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1111ms 8.8ms 177.8MB 3810ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1432ms 47ms 179.5MB 4517ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 7-m.go 131ms 0.3ms 24.5MB 350ms 20ms go 1.24.5
java 3-m.java 320ms 31ms 101.7MB 927ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 338ms 8.1ms 89.9MB 1003ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 351ms 21ms 139.6MB 963ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 432ms 6.3ms 98.5MB 910ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b.java 1153ms 11ms 54.1MB 1260ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1157ms 12ms 55.0MB 1263ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1183ms 11ms 109.5MB 1370ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1245ms 4.3ms 136.3MB 1357ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1267ms 8.8ms 51.0MB 1250ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1654ms 2.8ms 54.3MB 1750ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1658ms 10ms 56.0MB 1753ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1687ms 1.2ms 102.5MB 1797ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1702ms 12ms 202.6MB 1770ms 47ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1706ms 3.4ms 317.9MB 1760ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1782ms 6.3ms 51.8MB 1760ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2356ms 2.1ms 854.4MB 1810ms 653ms openjdk/zgc 21
go 1.go 2666ms 9.4ms 7.7MB 2660ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 3575ms 6.5ms 3.3MB 3563ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 644.5MB 5340ms 123ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 857.3MB 5283ms 127ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3246.1MB 3480ms 1897ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 113ms 1.1ms 3.6MB 107ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 152ms 3.1ms 0.4MB 147ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1b-m.java 184ms 13ms 49.7MB 297ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 184ms 12ms 50.6MB 283ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 191ms 2.5ms 52.5MB 290ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 191ms 1.9ms 81.8MB 263ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 193ms 4.0ms 87.2MB 270ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 194ms 8.6ms 50.1MB 297ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 195ms 8.1ms 113.2MB 303ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1a-m.java 208ms 3.1ms 98.6MB 310ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 250ms 12ms 101.3MB 427ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 308ms 5.9ms 47.9MB 297ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 314ms 9.4ms 49.0MB 293ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 327ms 6.4ms 114.5MB 263ms 160ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 558ms 9.6ms 613.1MB 853ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 567ms 2.5ms 749.4MB 837ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1582ms 6.0ms 1355.1MB 833ms 1047ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 397ms 3.2ms 536.3MB 483ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 416ms 5.0ms 677.5MB 473ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 424ms 8.3ms 643.7MB 600ms 123ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1020ms 3.1ms 946.5MB 477ms 693ms openjdk/zgc 21
go 1.go 1027ms 9.5ms 35.4MB 1010ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 2.go 1327ms 3.3ms 51.9MB 1307ms 10ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 1436ms 4.6ms 35.2MB 3040ms 37ms go 1.24.5
go 2-m.go 1649ms 17ms 40.9MB 3633ms 33ms go 1.24.5

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 163ms 2.8ms 158.5MB 247ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 166ms 1.2ms 207.9MB 240ms 40ms openjdk 21
go 1.go 206ms 2.0ms 11.6MB 193ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1-m.java 210ms 6.3ms 253.8MB 347ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
go 2.go 261ms 3.0ms 15.4MB 250ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1-m.go 327ms 1.0ms 12.2MB 660ms 20ms go 1.24.5
go 2-m.go 368ms 1.6ms 14.0MB 770ms 27ms go 1.24.5
java 1.java 404ms 6.6ms 341.9MB 220ms 260ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 349ms 3.6ms 0.3MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1.go 350ms 1.9ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1.java 442ms 1.6ms 81.4MB 473ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 445ms 1.9ms 47.7MB 480ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 446ms 15ms 45.2MB 487ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 567ms 4.2ms 44.9MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1238ms 17ms 608.0MB 1377ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1243ms 5.5ms 744.5MB 1360ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3248ms 81ms 2438.6MB 1660ms 1800ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 37ms 1.3ms 0.3MB 30ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 1.go 38ms 0.1ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1.java 116ms 4.3ms 45.3MB 153ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 121ms 0.2ms 47.8MB 153ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 122ms 8.7ms 81.5MB 153ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 247ms 2.0ms 44.8MB 173ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 291ms 5.9ms 373.0MB 427ms 53ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 307ms 7.7ms 397.4MB 443ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 671ms 7.7ms 522.5MB 477ms 387ms openjdk/zgc 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 310ms 6.6ms 71.7MB 297ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 312ms 4.6ms 39.4MB 300ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1.java 387ms 7.8ms 118.0MB 423ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 394ms 5.7ms 115.1MB 443ms 27ms openjdk 21
go 2.go 470ms 3.8ms 20.0MB 460ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1.java 562ms 3.9ms 112.6MB 470ms 167ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 600ms 11ms 206.8MB 877ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 775ms 5.6ms 57.1MB 827ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 783ms 4.2ms 60.4MB 833ms 17ms openjdk 23
go 2.go 787ms 2.0ms 21.8MB 777ms 10ms go 1.24.5
java 2.java 839ms 5.9ms 53.4MB 773ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1323ms 9.8ms 232.4MB 2367ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1.go 63ms 1.9ms 21.6MB 57ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 67ms 2.7ms 10.1MB 60ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
go 2.go 119ms 3.3ms 4.1MB 110ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1.java 151ms 1.0ms 68.0MB 197ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 152ms 7.0ms 64.9MB 203ms 13ms openjdk 21
go 2.go 194ms 4.5ms 7.1MB 183ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1-m.java 195ms 2.0ms 123.9MB 273ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 259ms 2.0ms 50.4MB 310ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 259ms 2.3ms 50.0MB 323ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 285ms 7.4ms 61.4MB 207ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 366ms 2.5ms 47.6MB 303ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 471ms 0.4ms 190.4MB 827ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 1120ms 3.1ms 10.7MB 1103ms 7ms go 1.24.5
java 1.java 3168ms 8.2ms 444.5MB 3577ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3667ms 34ms 351.6MB 4527ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3722ms 53ms 381.7MB 4533ms 113ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1806.3MB 4663ms 1183ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 8.go 268ms 3.1ms 8.6MB 257ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1.java 882ms 6.0ms 444.1MB 1227ms 87ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1009ms 31ms 430.6MB 1757ms 100ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1016ms 30ms 351.1MB 1783ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1974ms 2.9ms 1319.5MB 1730ms 1020ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 120.5MB 4980ms 47ms go 1.24.5
go 3.go timeout 0.0ms 83.9MB 4973ms 10ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 408.0MB 5403ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.6MB 5337ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.6MB 5330ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 469.2MB 4967ms 293ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 752ms 7.5ms 175.1MB 1097ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 797ms 5.7ms 130.5MB 1187ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 802ms 8.5ms 130.8MB 1220ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 975ms 23ms 134.2MB 1167ms 183ms openjdk/zgc 21
go 3.go 1781ms 5.2ms 20.3MB 1773ms 10ms go 1.24.5
go 3.go 2266ms 7.5ms 22.3MB 2247ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 1906ms 16ms 5.4MB 7413ms 3ms go 1.24.5
java 2-m.java 1989ms 3.1ms 47.7MB 7617ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1990ms 13ms 48.5MB 7613ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2120ms 13ms 45.5MB 7643ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2517ms 4.4ms 95.1MB 9440ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
go 1.go 3693ms 15ms 5.6MB 3690ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 0.5MB 4990ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 480ms 1.0ms 5.5MB 1843ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 2-m.java 605ms 4.4ms 47.8MB 2147ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 612ms 11ms 48.8MB 2177ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 724ms 6.4ms 45.4MB 2113ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 765ms 8.2ms 94.9MB 2697ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
go 1.go 924ms 10ms 3.5MB 917ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 1397ms 0.7ms 0.4MB 1390ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 4-m.go 125ms 1.2ms 5.6MB 457ms 0ms go 1.24.5
go 1.go 233ms 5.1ms 3.5MB 223ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 2-m.java 252ms 7.4ms 47.9MB 763ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 258ms 6.1ms 48.6MB 780ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 303ms 24ms 93.3MB 927ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
go 1.go 351ms 0.8ms 0.4MB 340ms 0ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 2-m.java 376ms 7.1ms 45.5MB 770ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 660ms 61ms 15.5MB 2573ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1-m.java 2236ms 124ms 258.1MB 8487ms 130ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2303ms 130ms 243.3MB 8747ms 120ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2997ms 156ms 1243.2MB 9807ms 1063ms openjdk/zgc 21
go 1.go timeout 0.0ms 13.3MB 2440ms 17047ms tinygo 0.38.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
go 1-m.go 44ms 7.8ms 7.5MB 147ms 0ms go 1.24.5
java 1-m.java 471ms 21ms 93.0MB 1567ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 471ms 2.6ms 127.2MB 1580ms 67ms openjdk 21
go 1-m.go 672ms 69ms 4.4MB 307ms 2230ms tinygo 0.38.0
java 1-m.java 673ms 14ms 221.9MB 1820ms 257ms openjdk/zgc 21