Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Java VS C++ benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Apr 14 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 461ms 12ms 574.0MB 563ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 480ms 4.7ms 624.4MB 600ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 481ms 6.8ms 642.9MB 670ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 1174ms 6.5ms 1067.3MB 593ms 750ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 125ms 2.4ms 165.6MB 157ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 135ms 5.3ms 96.2MB 173ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 150ms 5.9ms 224.4MB 227ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 304ms 2.2ms 241.6MB 157ms 203ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 602ms 20ms 252.0MB 1633ms 80ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 610ms 7.7ms 359.7MB 1183ms 103ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 655ms 49ms 272.1MB 1740ms 67ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 974ms 35ms 534.3MB 1660ms 427ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 302ms 9.7ms 225.8MB 597ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 359ms 29ms 177.5MB 990ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 391ms 36ms 126.0MB 1060ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 540ms 11ms 215.3MB 1083ms 223ms openjdk/zgc 21

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1-im.cpp 396ms 7.9ms 2.6MB 1530ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1-im.cpp 405ms 5.0ms 4.0MB 1567ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1-m.java 911ms 6.0ms 96.1MB 3347ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 953ms 33ms 48.3MB 3547ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 980ms 19ms 51.0MB 3597ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1046ms 9.7ms 45.8MB 3413ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1-im.cpp 39ms 0.3ms 2.6MB 130ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1-im.cpp 39ms 0.2ms 3.9MB 130ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1-m.java 184ms 2.3ms 48.2MB 500ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 197ms 4.9ms 96.2MB 543ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 199ms 6.2ms 50.0MB 510ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 312ms 5.2ms 45.8MB 507ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4.java 446ms 6.7ms 102.7MB 630ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 453ms 2.9ms 47.7MB 537ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 462ms 5.5ms 49.0MB 553ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 574ms 8.7ms 45.3MB 550ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4.java 125ms 2.4ms 46.7MB 167ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 134ms 2.5ms 47.9MB 180ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 134ms 4.6ms 91.8MB 193ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 250ms 3.6ms 43.9MB 170ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1.cpp 1.1ms 0.1ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 1.4ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 0ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1.java 63ms 1.5ms 52.7MB 70ms 20ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 72ms 3.3ms 44.4MB 74ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 73ms 1.7ms 43.8MB 80ms 14ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 193ms 6.2ms 43.0MB 84ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 1010ms 47ms 129.8MB 3437ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1095ms 25ms 156.9MB 3717ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1123ms 19ms 177.6MB 3827ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1402ms 51ms 179.1MB 4423ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 346ms 19ms 139.5MB 977ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 346ms 13ms 101.8MB 1000ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 346ms 17ms 89.2MB 1033ms 43ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 436ms 1.7ms 98.6MB 903ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b.java 1159ms 21ms 54.2MB 1270ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1159ms 17ms 55.4MB 1260ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1192ms 4.2ms 109.8MB 1433ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1254ms 4.6ms 136.4MB 1363ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1272ms 4.5ms 51.2MB 1250ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1655ms 4.3ms 55.0MB 1750ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1666ms 2.2ms 56.4MB 1763ms 33ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1688ms 10ms 102.4MB 1807ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1699ms 3.2ms 254.4MB 1770ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1720ms 3.4ms 336.0MB 1787ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1779ms 9.0ms 51.4MB 1753ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2354ms 1.7ms 859.1MB 1800ms 657ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 744.5MB 5260ms 140ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 818.4MB 5390ms 137ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3364.6MB 3493ms 1890ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b-m.java 179ms 8.2ms 51.3MB 267ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 192ms 1.2ms 81.6MB 270ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1a-m.java 194ms 6.6ms 51.0MB 300ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 198ms 17ms 49.5MB 313ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 201ms 9.8ms 87.3MB 270ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 202ms 6.2ms 52.6MB 310ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 207ms 12ms 114.4MB 320ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1a-m.java 207ms 6.5ms 98.8MB 313ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 244ms 39ms 103.4MB 420ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1a.java 315ms 5.7ms 47.9MB 297ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1b.java 320ms 12ms 48.0MB 320ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 337ms 2.0ms 114.6MB 270ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 551ms 14ms 629.1MB 833ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 605ms 19ms 809.9MB 897ms 120ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1587ms 1.4ms 1374.8MB 860ms 1043ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 413ms 2.5ms 537.5MB 517ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 423ms 5.1ms 677.8MB 480ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 427ms 10ms 641.7MB 603ms 127ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1047ms 30ms 965.9MB 463ms 723ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 171ms 3.8ms 206.1MB 240ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 171ms 0.9ms 158.6MB 250ms 43ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 215ms 11ms 253.5MB 353ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 424ms 13ms 341.9MB 223ms 283ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 0-i.cpp 167ms 0.2ms 1.5MB 160ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 0-i.cpp 171ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 160ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 314ms 0.6ms 2.3MB 303ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 314ms 1.5ms 1.8MB 310ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 1.java 449ms 6.5ms 81.4MB 477ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 451ms 0.4ms 48.3MB 487ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 457ms 15ms 45.3MB 490ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 571ms 1.4ms 44.9MB 493ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1260ms 11ms 640.1MB 1390ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1275ms 9.1ms 826.3MB 1380ms 123ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3279ms 125ms 2446.0MB 1647ms 1853ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 0-i.cpp 19ms 0.1ms 1.5MB 10ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 0-i.cpp 19ms 0.2ms 2.3MB 10ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 34ms 0.6ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 34ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 30ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 1.java 118ms 2.8ms 81.5MB 143ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 123ms 2.0ms 45.2MB 163ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 124ms 4.2ms 48.2MB 157ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 251ms 4.1ms 44.9MB 173ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 305ms 5.3ms 394.5MB 447ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 328ms 5.1ms 392.1MB 470ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 687ms 2.7ms 524.4MB 477ms 407ms openjdk/zgc 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 431ms 12ms 115.9MB 483ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 477ms 33ms 118.4MB 523ms 27ms openjdk 23
cpp 1.cpp 489ms 5.4ms 7.3MB 477ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 528ms 1.2ms 7.8MB 520ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1-m.java 620ms 8.0ms 218.4MB 897ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 625ms 9.3ms 112.7MB 537ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 782ms 2.9ms 56.8MB 840ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 801ms 16ms 60.2MB 853ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 850ms 3.1ms 53.3MB 780ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1327ms 5.9ms 242.0MB 2380ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1.cpp 120ms 1.2ms 3.6MB 110ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 132ms 1.5ms 4.1MB 120ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1.java 154ms 3.2ms 64.7MB 203ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 160ms 4.0ms 68.3MB 207ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 205ms 7.0ms 124.6MB 293ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 265ms 1.0ms 49.9MB 323ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 271ms 2.5ms 50.6MB 327ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 288ms 1.8ms 61.5MB 213ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 374ms 4.3ms 47.6MB 313ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 478ms 6.0ms 149.5MB 853ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 3224ms 1.3ms 443.5MB 3647ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3724ms 86ms 425.6MB 4620ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3773ms 21ms 441.7MB 4677ms 123ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1810.6MB 4800ms 1133ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 896ms 7.7ms 441.5MB 1250ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1025ms 8.5ms 437.3MB 1870ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1037ms 25ms 375.5MB 1830ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 2051ms 1.9ms 1354.1MB 1723ms 1100ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 398.2MB 5417ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.2MB 5330ms 53ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.6MB 5330ms 63ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 466.7MB 4970ms 297ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 780ms 24ms 175.7MB 1163ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 800ms 6.0ms 131.0MB 1180ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 844ms 52ms 132.6MB 1283ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 995ms 16ms 134.2MB 1203ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 470ms 3.9ms 3.4MB 1817ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 483ms 0.5ms 2.1MB 1883ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 927ms 14ms 3.5MB 3627ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 930ms 9.8ms 2.1MB 3640ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 2-m.java 1996ms 8.8ms 47.7MB 7623ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 2011ms 5.1ms 48.3MB 7643ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2140ms 20ms 45.4MB 7653ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2509ms 8.6ms 94.2MB 9357ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 124ms 1.8ms 3.6MB 457ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 127ms 1.2ms 2.0MB 477ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 237ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 903ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 239ms 0.7ms 2.0MB 917ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 2-m.java 607ms 5.8ms 47.6MB 2140ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 621ms 7.5ms 48.9MB 2170ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 743ms 7.4ms 45.4MB 2183ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 769ms 3.8ms 95.1MB 2703ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 37ms 1.6ms 3.4MB 110ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 39ms 0.2ms 2.0MB 130ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 65ms 0.1ms 3.5MB 227ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 68ms 0.6ms 2.0MB 243ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 2-m.java 248ms 3.4ms 47.9MB 757ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 270ms 8.8ms 48.8MB 790ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 321ms 25ms 94.1MB 983ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 400ms 6.1ms 45.6MB 820ms 153ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2190ms 231ms 262.9MB 8233ms 147ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2460ms 195ms 242.5MB 9323ms 150ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2832ms 160ms 1240.0MB 9087ms 1107ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 447ms 11ms 94.5MB 1460ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 509ms 45ms 129.8MB 1697ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 673ms 33ms 223.7MB 1810ms 260ms openjdk/zgc 21