Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Java VS Lua benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 460ms 10ms 573.4MB 563ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 468ms 7.1ms 643.1MB 657ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 476ms 4.7ms 636.3MB 577ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1176ms 4.0ms 1040.7MB 573ms 763ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 3539ms 82ms 172.9MB 3403ms 123ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 105.0MB 4947ms 37ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 124ms 0.8ms 96.2MB 163ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 125ms 2.0ms 167.1MB 157ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 147ms 1.3ms 215.1MB 227ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 297ms 5.1ms 15.9MB 270ms 7ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 313ms 2.8ms 241.6MB 160ms 207ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 823ms 6.8ms 16.9MB 807ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 603ms 7.0ms 352.5MB 1167ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 640ms 63ms 267.1MB 1717ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 644ms 46ms 250.7MB 1723ms 73ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 975ms 34ms 536.4MB 1673ms 433ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 295ms 6.5ms 226.0MB 583ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 347ms 33ms 178.0MB 950ms 47ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 377ms 31ms 111.4MB 1040ms 47ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 499ms 7.7ms 216.4MB 973ms 213ms openjdk/zgc 21

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 896ms 13ms 96.0MB 3307ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 961ms 49ms 50.1MB 3533ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 978ms 5.1ms 48.4MB 3640ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1025ms 28ms 45.9MB 3340ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 176ms 6.3ms 48.5MB 477ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 188ms 2.9ms 95.8MB 510ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 193ms 4.2ms 50.0MB 503ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 302ms 9.2ms 45.7MB 497ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4.java 440ms 0.8ms 101.3MB 613ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 455ms 1.2ms 47.4MB 540ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 464ms 8.6ms 49.5MB 557ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 570ms 2.0ms 45.1MB 537ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4-m.java 121ms 7.1ms 46.9MB 167ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 124ms 4.2ms 48.6MB 163ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 129ms 11ms 95.3MB 180ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 244ms 1.8ms 44.0MB 163ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 1.lua 1.3ms 0.1ms 2.4MB 0ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 1.4ms 0.3ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms lua 5.4.7
java 1.java 64ms 2.4ms 52.4MB 66ms 18ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 72ms 4.4ms 44.7MB 78ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 73ms 4.9ms 43.8MB 76ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 192ms 4.4ms 42.8MB 80ms 136ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 1018ms 58ms 127.5MB 3483ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1113ms 8.3ms 155.2MB 3807ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1123ms 23ms 185.6MB 3840ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1468ms 17ms 179.2MB 4637ms 217ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 319ms 27ms 98.1MB 923ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 330ms 18ms 99.7MB 960ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 443ms 3.3ms 98.5MB 930ms 173ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 3-m.java 1394ms 302ms 258.9MB 5010ms 127ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b.java 1149ms 2.5ms 54.2MB 1243ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1154ms 6.0ms 54.9MB 1253ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1185ms 18ms 109.7MB 1407ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1254ms 6.4ms 136.5MB 1370ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1283ms 13ms 51.4MB 1273ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1656ms 0.6ms 55.1MB 1753ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1663ms 12ms 56.2MB 1757ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1690ms 12ms 102.1MB 1797ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1703ms 2.8ms 202.6MB 1777ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1717ms 7.6ms 323.7MB 1773ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1784ms 11ms 51.7MB 1763ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2360ms 6.6ms 855.3MB 1810ms 657ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 676.0MB 5323ms 107ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 768.5MB 5283ms 123ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3329.3MB 3447ms 1910ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b-m.java 179ms 14ms 49.5MB 280ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 183ms 9.7ms 51.2MB 290ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 192ms 8.1ms 50.0MB 293ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1a-m.java 192ms 3.0ms 52.4MB 300ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 192ms 3.2ms 81.7MB 263ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 197ms 1.2ms 112.1MB 303ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 198ms 7.3ms 87.1MB 270ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 208ms 7.2ms 98.8MB 310ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 226ms 20ms 102.0MB 373ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 313ms 13ms 47.8MB 310ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 317ms 6.4ms 49.5MB 293ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 331ms 4.5ms 114.6MB 260ms 167ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 563ms 7.9ms 647.7MB 857ms 97ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 569ms 9.9ms 723.6MB 850ms 103ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1600ms 3.2ms 1341.4MB 867ms 1043ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 399ms 2.4ms 541.9MB 497ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 408ms 5.6ms 680.1MB 483ms 90ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 440ms 67ms 657.5MB 653ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1057ms 29ms 961.6MB 450ms 737ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 107.4MB 4953ms 33ms lua 5.4.7
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 149.3MB 4937ms 50ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 162ms 3.2ms 158.1MB 240ms 33ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 165ms 0.9ms 206.3MB 233ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 213ms 5.0ms 253.5MB 343ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 415ms 9.6ms 341.9MB 217ms 273ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 1200ms 56ms 31.1MB 1170ms 17ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 2310ms 37ms 28.6MB 2290ms 7ms lua 5.4.7

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 441ms 5.0ms 45.2MB 473ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 449ms 1.1ms 47.9MB 480ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 450ms 4.6ms 81.4MB 480ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 573ms 3.6ms 44.8MB 497ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 715ms 2.7ms 2.4MB 707ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 1253ms 11ms 668.0MB 1373ms 93ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1255ms 4.2ms 766.6MB 1373ms 100ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3285ms 47ms 2400.8MB 1683ms 1837ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.3MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 4.lua 75ms 1.4ms 2.3MB 70ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 1.java 118ms 2.7ms 81.6MB 150ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 124ms 1.2ms 48.5MB 157ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 135ms 27ms 45.4MB 153ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 249ms 2.6ms 44.8MB 167ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 295ms 10ms 352.2MB 433ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 313ms 6.2ms 395.9MB 450ms 63ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 705ms 8.5ms 535.8MB 483ms 417ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 1160ms 15ms 2.3MB 1153ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 414ms 0.9ms 118.0MB 460ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 423ms 11ms 115.3MB 473ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 597ms 9.6ms 112.7MB 500ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 607ms 8.4ms 214.2MB 883ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 783ms 3.4ms 57.1MB 847ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 790ms 3.7ms 60.7MB 843ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 854ms 2.8ms 53.3MB 787ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1346ms 23ms 259.9MB 2400ms 117ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 153ms 0.8ms 68.2MB 200ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 158ms 2.0ms 64.8MB 213ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 211ms 22ms 124.9MB 297ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 265ms 7.5ms 50.3MB 313ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 271ms 12ms 50.0MB 337ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 291ms 0.1ms 61.5MB 213ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 377ms 6.4ms 47.6MB 310ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 475ms 9.9ms 145.5MB 853ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 3227ms 47ms 445.3MB 3660ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3739ms 47ms 425.9MB 4580ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3759ms 36ms 413.3MB 4657ms 123ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1935.2MB 4677ms 1170ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 900ms 18ms 443.2MB 1240ms 93ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 983ms 6.0ms 389.1MB 1830ms 93ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1002ms 11ms 420.7MB 1840ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 2053ms 7.5ms 1352.6MB 1690ms 1090ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 407.0MB 5410ms 93ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 301.8MB 5317ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.7MB 5323ms 63ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 468.6MB 4977ms 290ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 783ms 10ms 177.2MB 1163ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 799ms 9.6ms 128.8MB 1183ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 810ms 6.7ms 136.5MB 1217ms 37ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 979ms 21ms 132.9MB 1173ms 183ms openjdk/zgc 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 1986ms 16ms 47.3MB 7597ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1998ms 10ms 48.7MB 7633ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2113ms 11ms 45.6MB 7603ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2529ms 6.7ms 95.2MB 9463ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 4070ms 8.1ms 2.5MB 4060ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.4MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 602ms 2.8ms 48.8MB 2140ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 605ms 4.7ms 47.7MB 2143ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 745ms 4.0ms 45.6MB 2200ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 772ms 10ms 94.7MB 2710ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 1046ms 19ms 2.4MB 1037ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.1MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 247ms 2.2ms 47.7MB 747ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 257ms 13ms 48.3MB 773ms 20ms openjdk 23
lua 1.lua 258ms 1.6ms 2.3MB 250ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2-m.java 294ms 26ms 93.1MB 890ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 386ms 9.7ms 45.6MB 763ms 153ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.0MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2071ms 296ms 257.7MB 7843ms 130ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2461ms 69ms 243.6MB 9343ms 137ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 3046ms 337ms 1240.3MB 9980ms 1080ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 436ms 14ms 92.6MB 1433ms 47ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 470ms 21ms 119.1MB 1560ms 67ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 648ms 7.9ms 215.5MB 1700ms 267ms openjdk/zgc 21