Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Java VS Lua benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 455ms 6.3ms 576.1MB 557ms 80ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 462ms 6.4ms 643.1MB 673ms 90ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 470ms 9.4ms 639.7MB 570ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1207ms 20ms 1063.7MB 580ms 793ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 3411ms 55ms 172.9MB 3287ms 110ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 104.9MB 4947ms 37ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 124ms 1.6ms 167.0MB 157ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 129ms 5.5ms 98.0MB 163ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 143ms 3.2ms 224.5MB 217ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 287ms 0.8ms 15.8MB 267ms 7ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 299ms 4.1ms 241.7MB 157ms 197ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 818ms 12ms 16.9MB 803ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 585ms 85ms 265.5MB 1613ms 70ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 604ms 11ms 359.6MB 1167ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 636ms 55ms 237.0MB 1717ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 970ms 31ms 534.8MB 1663ms 407ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 301ms 6.0ms 225.7MB 600ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 360ms 33ms 177.9MB 983ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 367ms 17ms 111.4MB 1000ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 537ms 14ms 215.4MB 1073ms 227ms openjdk/zgc 21

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 896ms 2.1ms 96.4MB 3313ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 966ms 3.7ms 48.3MB 3607ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 983ms 2.3ms 50.2MB 3620ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1025ms 15ms 45.9MB 3360ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 180ms 11ms 48.1MB 493ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 188ms 3.4ms 50.1MB 490ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 201ms 17ms 96.2MB 570ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 295ms 8.2ms 45.8MB 487ms 133ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4-m.java 449ms 13ms 102.4MB 637ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 456ms 17ms 47.5MB 543ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 458ms 1.4ms 49.3MB 540ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 569ms 8.4ms 45.4MB 537ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4.java 121ms 1.3ms 46.2MB 157ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 126ms 2.1ms 47.7MB 167ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 134ms 6.0ms 91.7MB 200ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 251ms 9.3ms 43.9MB 163ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 1.lua 1.3ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms lua 5.4.7
lua 1.lua 1.4ms 0.2ms 2.4MB 0ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 1.java 62ms 2.4ms 52.7MB 68ms 18ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 6.7ms 43.8MB 78ms 12ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.7ms 44.5MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 184ms 2.0ms 42.9MB 80ms 132ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 1018ms 55ms 127.3MB 3503ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1086ms 3.2ms 155.6MB 3727ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1105ms 0.4ms 179.8MB 3787ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1432ms 7.3ms 178.7MB 4573ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 312ms 16ms 87.7MB 900ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 324ms 22ms 88.1MB 953ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 330ms 18ms 135.0MB 900ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 431ms 1.7ms 98.2MB 893ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b.java 1162ms 13ms 55.7MB 1267ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1167ms 5.8ms 54.6MB 1290ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1194ms 11ms 108.9MB 1423ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1251ms 2.5ms 138.1MB 1360ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1285ms 3.9ms 51.4MB 1280ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1654ms 4.5ms 55.9MB 1753ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1655ms 9.7ms 54.9MB 1757ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1673ms 5.4ms 102.6MB 1780ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1704ms 4.5ms 202.4MB 1777ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1713ms 11ms 317.6MB 1767ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1770ms 2.2ms 51.6MB 1740ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2370ms 4.2ms 840.7MB 1800ms 673ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 668.0MB 5277ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 780.8MB 5280ms 133ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3310.2MB 3417ms 1943ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b-m.java 177ms 11ms 49.5MB 283ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 188ms 6.3ms 50.5MB 293ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 190ms 4.7ms 50.1MB 293ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 192ms 9.2ms 81.7MB 267ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1a-m.java 192ms 5.4ms 52.1MB 293ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 201ms 8.4ms 111.9MB 303ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 202ms 3.9ms 87.3MB 287ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 205ms 4.7ms 98.5MB 303ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 218ms 17ms 101.3MB 367ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 305ms 25ms 47.4MB 297ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 316ms 1.7ms 47.8MB 297ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 338ms 2.3ms 114.4MB 267ms 160ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 554ms 13ms 624.9MB 847ms 93ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 566ms 11ms 773.8MB 837ms 103ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1608ms 55ms 1400.9MB 823ms 1083ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 398ms 1.9ms 544.5MB 497ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 399ms 2.7ms 679.6MB 473ms 90ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 404ms 8.2ms 633.5MB 610ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1023ms 11ms 974.0MB 463ms 707ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 107.4MB 4947ms 37ms lua 5.4.7
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 149.3MB 4927ms 57ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 166ms 3.4ms 158.5MB 247ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 170ms 12ms 206.5MB 243ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 213ms 7.0ms 253.5MB 357ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 412ms 7.1ms 341.9MB 213ms 277ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 1103ms 2.6ms 31.0MB 1073ms 17ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 2131ms 17ms 28.6MB 2113ms 7ms lua 5.4.7

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 441ms 1.8ms 45.4MB 480ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 444ms 1.2ms 48.2MB 480ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 447ms 3.2ms 81.7MB 483ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 567ms 1.6ms 45.0MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 713ms 2.3ms 2.3MB 707ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 1230ms 1.5ms 567.4MB 1367ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1245ms 7.7ms 792.1MB 1367ms 93ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3242ms 30ms 2411.5MB 1663ms 1800ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.3MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 4.lua 75ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 70ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 1.java 115ms 2.7ms 81.5MB 143ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 117ms 1.5ms 45.3MB 157ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 118ms 3.8ms 48.1MB 157ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 241ms 4.9ms 44.6MB 157ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 289ms 5.6ms 371.1MB 420ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 305ms 7.2ms 418.7MB 450ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 680ms 10ms 526.8MB 463ms 403ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 1123ms 35ms 2.3MB 1117ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 386ms 4.5ms 115.4MB 440ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 400ms 5.1ms 118.2MB 440ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 563ms 9.0ms 112.7MB 473ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 597ms 12ms 270.7MB 853ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 779ms 4.4ms 60.6MB 827ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 780ms 4.0ms 57.3MB 843ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 835ms 8.1ms 53.1MB 767ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1339ms 38ms 269.6MB 2393ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 152ms 0.7ms 67.9MB 200ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 158ms 5.5ms 64.9MB 210ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 199ms 1.5ms 124.8MB 287ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 256ms 1.2ms 49.8MB 317ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 260ms 1.5ms 50.4MB 313ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 281ms 0.9ms 61.2MB 200ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 366ms 2.7ms 47.4MB 307ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 472ms 6.2ms 144.5MB 843ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 3185ms 10ms 444.0MB 3607ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3705ms 65ms 448.5MB 4597ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 3709ms 72ms 366.5MB 4553ms 107ms openjdk 21
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1957.4MB 4627ms 1233ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 880ms 4.2ms 369.9MB 1217ms 93ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1000ms 42ms 386.8MB 1787ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1014ms 24ms 412.8MB 1770ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 1993ms 39ms 1355.3MB 1723ms 1037ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 397.9MB 5400ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.1MB 5340ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.6MB 5327ms 53ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 470.7MB 4983ms 290ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 758ms 6.5ms 177.3MB 1123ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 787ms 2.3ms 128.7MB 1197ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 819ms 24ms 130.4MB 1217ms 37ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 949ms 13ms 133.1MB 1143ms 173ms openjdk/zgc 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 1986ms 9.7ms 47.8MB 7600ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1987ms 18ms 48.7MB 7617ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2117ms 11ms 45.8MB 7620ms 153ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2514ms 6.9ms 94.5MB 9423ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 4062ms 9.7ms 2.5MB 4053ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.5MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 599ms 0.5ms 47.8MB 2133ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 614ms 4.8ms 49.0MB 2180ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 737ms 1.7ms 45.5MB 2183ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 761ms 25ms 95.2MB 2687ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 1019ms 1.0ms 2.4MB 1010ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.1MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 249ms 6.5ms 47.4MB 737ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 257ms 2.4ms 48.6MB 783ms 20ms openjdk 23
lua 1.lua 259ms 2.2ms 2.3MB 250ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2-m.java 310ms 29ms 95.0MB 947ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 377ms 11ms 45.3MB 767ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.0MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2098ms 184ms 258.2MB 7953ms 127ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2459ms 233ms 242.9MB 9360ms 137ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2764ms 212ms 1176.7MB 8893ms 1110ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 443ms 2.6ms 92.2MB 1470ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 479ms 10ms 129.7MB 1607ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 684ms 24ms 228.2MB 1873ms 250ms openjdk/zgc 21