Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Java VS Dart benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 460ms 9.2ms 574.1MB 553ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 470ms 8.8ms 624.4MB 577ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 480ms 9.9ms 640.7MB 680ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
dart 1.dart 711ms 6.5ms 80.9MB 683ms 37ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 2.java 1176ms 13ms 1047.1MB 593ms 757ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 75ms 0.6ms 43.0MB 53ms 13ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 2.java 120ms 4.9ms 168.1MB 150ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 123ms 0.5ms 97.0MB 173ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 144ms 3.8ms 224.3MB 210ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 304ms 3.3ms 241.5MB 163ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 602ms 6.6ms 411.7MB 1153ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 633ms 49ms 246.2MB 1660ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 649ms 44ms 264.8MB 1710ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 984ms 28ms 530.2MB 1703ms 417ms openjdk/zgc 21
dart 1.dart 3574ms 15ms 18.0MB 3537ms 30ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 306ms 11ms 225.9MB 603ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 335ms 14ms 179.8MB 920ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 367ms 12ms 110.6MB 1010ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 491ms 3.2ms 216.5MB 947ms 217ms openjdk/zgc 21
dart 1.dart 587ms 8.3ms 10.5MB 567ms 10ms dart/exe 3.8.2

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 901ms 5.9ms 96.3MB 3333ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 977ms 10ms 48.5MB 3650ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 989ms 7.9ms 50.1MB 3647ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1042ms 4.8ms 45.7MB 3417ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
dart 2.dart 2667ms 7.7ms 6.3MB 2657ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 188ms 18ms 48.6MB 537ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 195ms 1.4ms 50.2MB 520ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 202ms 10ms 96.3MB 560ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
dart 2.dart 219ms 1.0ms 6.3MB 210ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1-m.java 309ms 8.1ms 46.1MB 513ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 362ms 3.2ms 8.6MB 350ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 4.java 444ms 5.1ms 102.5MB 623ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 449ms 3.8ms 47.3MB 530ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 459ms 2.0ms 49.0MB 543ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 565ms 3.7ms 45.2MB 533ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 42ms 0.8ms 8.6MB 30ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 4.java 118ms 6.7ms 46.6MB 160ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4-m.java 125ms 7.8ms 89.8MB 170ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 125ms 0.3ms 47.7MB 167ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 239ms 8.3ms 44.0MB 157ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 3.5ms 0.3ms 5.3MB 0ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1.java 62ms 1.4ms 52.9MB 64ms 20ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 4.7ms 43.9MB 78ms 10ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.9ms 44.7MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 186ms 3.9ms 42.9MB 82ms 132ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 1059ms 24ms 128.6MB 3640ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1069ms 27ms 156.2MB 3697ms 50ms openjdk 23
dart 3-m.dart 1071ms 18ms 277.5MB 3220ms 113ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 3-m.java 1111ms 8.8ms 177.8MB 3810ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1432ms 47ms 179.5MB 4517ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3-m.dart 217ms 3.0ms 186.9MB 517ms 70ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 3-m.java 320ms 31ms 101.7MB 927ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 338ms 8.1ms 89.9MB 1003ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 351ms 21ms 139.6MB 963ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 432ms 6.3ms 98.5MB 910ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b.java 1153ms 11ms 54.1MB 1260ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1157ms 12ms 55.0MB 1263ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1183ms 11ms 109.5MB 1370ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1245ms 4.3ms 136.3MB 1357ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1267ms 8.8ms 51.0MB 1250ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1654ms 2.8ms 54.3MB 1750ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1658ms 10ms 56.0MB 1753ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1687ms 1.2ms 102.5MB 1797ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1702ms 12ms 202.6MB 1770ms 47ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1706ms 3.4ms 317.9MB 1760ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1782ms 6.3ms 51.8MB 1760ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2356ms 2.1ms 854.4MB 1810ms 653ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 644.5MB 5340ms 123ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 857.3MB 5283ms 127ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3246.1MB 3480ms 1897ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b-m.java 184ms 13ms 49.7MB 297ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 184ms 12ms 50.6MB 283ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 191ms 2.5ms 52.5MB 290ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 191ms 1.9ms 81.8MB 263ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 193ms 4.0ms 87.2MB 270ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 194ms 8.6ms 50.1MB 297ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 195ms 8.1ms 113.2MB 303ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1a-m.java 208ms 3.1ms 98.6MB 310ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 250ms 12ms 101.3MB 427ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 308ms 5.9ms 47.9MB 297ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 314ms 9.4ms 49.0MB 293ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 327ms 6.4ms 114.5MB 263ms 160ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 558ms 9.6ms 613.1MB 853ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 567ms 2.5ms 749.4MB 837ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1582ms 6.0ms 1355.1MB 833ms 1047ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 324ms 1.5ms 63.8MB 300ms 23ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1.java 397ms 3.2ms 536.3MB 483ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 416ms 5.0ms 677.5MB 473ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 424ms 8.3ms 643.7MB 600ms 123ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1020ms 3.1ms 946.5MB 477ms 693ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 85ms 0.5ms 43.8MB 60ms 20ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1-m.java 163ms 2.8ms 158.5MB 247ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 166ms 1.2ms 207.9MB 240ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 210ms 6.3ms 253.8MB 347ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 404ms 6.6ms 341.9MB 220ms 260ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3.dart 408ms 3.1ms 6.3MB 397ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1.java 442ms 1.6ms 81.4MB 473ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 445ms 1.9ms 47.7MB 480ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 446ms 15ms 45.2MB 487ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 567ms 4.2ms 44.9MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1238ms 17ms 608.0MB 1377ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1243ms 5.5ms 744.5MB 1360ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3248ms 81ms 2438.6MB 1660ms 1800ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3.dart 45ms 0.4ms 6.5MB 40ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1.java 116ms 4.3ms 45.3MB 153ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 121ms 0.2ms 47.8MB 153ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 122ms 8.7ms 81.5MB 153ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 247ms 2.0ms 44.8MB 173ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 291ms 5.9ms 373.0MB 427ms 53ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 307ms 7.7ms 397.4MB 443ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 671ms 7.7ms 522.5MB 477ms 387ms openjdk/zgc 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 387ms 7.8ms 118.0MB 423ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 394ms 5.7ms 115.1MB 443ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 562ms 3.9ms 112.6MB 470ms 167ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 600ms 11ms 206.8MB 877ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 775ms 5.6ms 57.1MB 827ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 783ms 4.2ms 60.4MB 833ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 839ms 5.9ms 53.4MB 773ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1323ms 9.8ms 232.4MB 2367ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 151ms 1.0ms 68.0MB 197ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 152ms 7.0ms 64.9MB 203ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 195ms 2.0ms 123.9MB 273ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 259ms 2.0ms 50.4MB 310ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 259ms 2.3ms 50.0MB 323ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 285ms 7.4ms 61.4MB 207ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 366ms 2.5ms 47.6MB 303ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 471ms 0.4ms 190.4MB 827ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 1254ms 16ms 14.8MB 1220ms 33ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1.java 3168ms 8.2ms 444.5MB 3577ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3667ms 34ms 351.6MB 4527ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3722ms 53ms 381.7MB 4533ms 113ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1806.3MB 4663ms 1183ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 305ms 6.1ms 14.8MB 283ms 13ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1.java 882ms 6.0ms 444.1MB 1227ms 87ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1009ms 31ms 430.6MB 1757ms 100ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1016ms 30ms 351.1MB 1783ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1974ms 2.9ms 1319.5MB 1730ms 1020ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart timeout 0.0ms 130.1MB 4970ms 40ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 408.0MB 5403ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.6MB 5337ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.6MB 5330ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 469.2MB 4967ms 293ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 634ms 0.9ms 43.4MB 607ms 17ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 3-m.java 752ms 7.5ms 175.1MB 1097ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 797ms 5.7ms 130.5MB 1187ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 802ms 8.5ms 130.8MB 1220ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 975ms 23ms 134.2MB 1167ms 183ms openjdk/zgc 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 1989ms 3.1ms 47.7MB 7617ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1990ms 13ms 48.5MB 7613ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2120ms 13ms 45.5MB 7643ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2517ms 4.4ms 95.1MB 9440ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
dart 1.dart 3748ms 5.6ms 6.4MB 3737ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
dart 2.dart 4936ms 14ms 6.4MB 4920ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 605ms 4.4ms 47.8MB 2147ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 612ms 11ms 48.8MB 2177ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 724ms 6.4ms 45.4MB 2113ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 765ms 8.2ms 94.9MB 2697ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
dart 1.dart 939ms 1.0ms 6.1MB 930ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
dart 2.dart 1237ms 0.1ms 6.3MB 1230ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 239ms 1.1ms 6.4MB 230ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 2-m.java 252ms 7.4ms 47.9MB 763ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 258ms 6.1ms 48.6MB 780ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 303ms 24ms 93.3MB 927ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
dart 2.dart 312ms 1.5ms 6.3MB 303ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 2-m.java 376ms 7.1ms 45.5MB 770ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2236ms 124ms 258.1MB 8487ms 130ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2303ms 130ms 243.3MB 8747ms 120ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2997ms 156ms 1243.2MB 9807ms 1063ms openjdk/zgc 21
dart 1.dart 4960ms 39ms 19.4MB 5397ms 77ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 348ms 2.7ms 10.4MB 353ms 10ms dart/exe 3.8.2
java 1-m.java 471ms 21ms 93.0MB 1567ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 471ms 2.6ms 127.2MB 1580ms 67ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 673ms 14ms 221.9MB 1820ms 257ms openjdk/zgc 21