Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Dart VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 500ms 16ms 578.4MB 597ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 1.dart 711ms 6.5ms 80.9MB 683ms 37ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 3911ms 6.4ms 143.8MB 4087ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 75ms 0.6ms 43.0MB 53ms 13ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.1ms 159.5MB 143ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 203ms 6.2ms 17.3MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1822ms 185ms 234.2MB 6767ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2180ms 5.5ms 221.2MB 3010ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4271ms 80ms 21.5MB 14227ms 520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 4960ms 39ms 19.4MB 5397ms 77ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5510ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 247ms 1.8ms 21.6MB 840ms 37ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 348ms 2.7ms 10.4MB 353ms 10ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.0ms 17.4MB 397ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 473ms 2.3ms 74.2MB 1100ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 861ms 25ms 96.7MB 3007ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 3574ms 15ms 18.0MB 3537ms 30ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 587ms 8.3ms 10.5MB 567ms 10ms dart/exe 3.8.2

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 2667ms 7.7ms 6.3MB 2657ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 219ms 1.0ms 6.3MB 210ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 362ms 3.2ms 8.6MB 350ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 42ms 0.8ms 8.6MB 30ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 3.5ms 0.3ms 5.3MB 0ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 61ms 0.9ms 47.6MB 74ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 1268ms 32ms 93.5MB 1320ms 1373ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 2-m.kt 2407ms 2407ms 418.1MB 10360ms 1773ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 1.dart 4475ms 354ms 95.4MB 1430ms 1513ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 420.7MB 16243ms 2813ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2-m.dart 242ms 4.3ms 50.1MB 180ms 260ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 2079ms 169ms 257.4MB 6020ms 580ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2107ms 35ms 231.9MB 5390ms 557ms kotlin/jvm 21
dart 1.dart 2273ms 27ms 50.6MB 170ms 257ms dart/exe 3.8.2

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 165ms 0.5ms 54.5MB 137ms 23ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 702ms 36ms 168.7MB 1873ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 1441ms 18ms 204.7MB 1680ms 113ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 1801ms 57ms 690.0MB 4283ms 153ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3-m.dart 1071ms 18ms 277.5MB 3220ms 113ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 3-m.dart 217ms 3.0ms 186.9MB 517ms 70ms dart/exe 3.8.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 166ms 3.3ms 9.3MB 157ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 2.kt 171ms 9.2ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 194ms 4.6ms 95.0MB 323ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 206ms 5.2ms 102.2MB 433ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 357ms 1.0ms 12.4MB 360ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 568ms 2.5ms 8.8MB 560ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 315ms 6.1ms 212.8MB 547ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 338ms 2.0ms 202.9MB 467ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 473ms 5.4ms 12.4MB 500ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 2.dart 489ms 7.4ms 9.1MB 477ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 1048ms 9.4ms 12.4MB 1077ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 1699ms 17ms 9.1MB 1680ms 3ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 77ms 1.8ms 9.0MB 70ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 90ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 1.dart 115ms 1.1ms 8.8MB 103ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 1.5ms 12.8MB 113ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 0.7ms 90.8MB 290ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 171ms 14ms 96.5MB 377ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 324ms 1.5ms 63.8MB 300ms 23ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.6ms 680.7MB 433ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 1880ms 15ms 89.9MB 1963ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 85ms 0.5ms 43.8MB 60ms 20ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 154ms 0.3ms 207.3MB 210ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 268ms 4.1ms 25.6MB 273ms 13ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 352ms 2.5ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 3.dart 408ms 3.1ms 6.3MB 397ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 442ms 1.2ms 49.6MB 483ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
dart 3.dart 45ms 0.4ms 6.5MB 40ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 118ms 1.3ms 49.6MB 160ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 1254ms 16ms 14.8MB 1220ms 33ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt 3669ms 28ms 353.1MB 4487ms 113ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 3973ms 1500ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5110ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 2.dart 305ms 6.1ms 14.8MB 283ms 13ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 957ms 5.5ms 357.3MB 1767ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.8MB 3970ms 1513ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5120ms 117ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart timeout 0.0ms 130.1MB 4970ms 40ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5063ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 634ms 0.9ms 43.4MB 607ms 17ms dart/exe 3.8.2
kotlin 1-m.kt 835ms 9.6ms 134.4MB 1263ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3210ms 31ms 51.1MB 3280ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 3748ms 5.6ms 6.4MB 3737ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
dart 2.dart 4936ms 14ms 6.4MB 4920ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 939ms 1.0ms 6.1MB 930ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
dart 2.dart 1237ms 0.1ms 6.3MB 1230ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
dart 1.dart 239ms 1.1ms 6.4MB 230ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2
dart 2.dart 312ms 1.5ms 6.3MB 303ms 0ms dart/exe 3.8.2