Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

OCaml VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 500ms 16ms 578.4MB 597ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
ocaml 1.ml 3020ms 42ms 157.0MB 2927ms 77ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1.kt 3911ms 6.4ms 143.8MB 4087ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.1ms 159.5MB 143ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 203ms 6.2ms 17.3MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 1.ml 223ms 9.3ms 19.2MB 207ms 3ms ocaml 5.3.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 2.ml 2910ms 2.6ms 4.9MB 2900ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 2.ml 244ms 0.9ms 4.9MB 230ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 6.ml 346ms 1.8ms 24.8MB 333ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 6.ml 39ms 0.4ms 7.3MB 30ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 1.ml 1.8ms 0.1ms 5.1MB 0ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 61ms 0.9ms 47.6MB 74ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 171ms 9.2ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 1.ml 187ms 2.5ms 6.4MB 180ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 194ms 4.6ms 95.0MB 323ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 206ms 5.2ms 102.2MB 433ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 357ms 1.0ms 12.4MB 360ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 315ms 6.1ms 212.8MB 547ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 338ms 2.0ms 202.9MB 467ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 473ms 5.4ms 12.4MB 500ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 1.ml 537ms 13ms 6.6MB 523ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1.kt 1048ms 9.4ms 12.4MB 1077ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 1.ml 75ms 0.2ms 5.9MB 67ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 2.kt 94ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 90ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 1.5ms 12.8MB 113ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 0.7ms 90.8MB 290ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 171ms 14ms 96.5MB 377ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 386ms 5.6ms 680.7MB 433ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
ocaml 1.ml 1113ms 16ms 70.2MB 1073ms 27ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1.kt 1880ms 15ms 89.9MB 1963ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 2.ml 2055ms 6.7ms 91.8MB 2000ms 40ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 1.ml 146ms 2.9ms 21.7MB 130ms 7ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 154ms 0.3ms 207.3MB 210ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 268ms 4.1ms 25.6MB 273ms 13ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 2.ml 358ms 7.5ms 27.6MB 340ms 3ms ocaml 5.3.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 352ms 2.5ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 1.ml 373ms 2.9ms 5.2MB 363ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1.kt 442ms 1.2ms 49.6MB 483ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.6ms 3.5MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 1.ml 42ms 0.9ms 5.3MB 30ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 118ms 1.3ms 49.6MB 160ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 1.ml 932ms 21ms 543.2MB 877ms 43ms ocaml 5.3.0
ocaml 2.ml 1887ms 12ms 19.0MB 1873ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 1.ml 175ms 1.5ms 142.1MB 150ms 10ms ocaml 5.3.0
ocaml 2.ml 469ms 6.0ms 9.1MB 457ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5063ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ocaml 2.ml timeout 0.0ms 462.8MB 4823ms 167ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 2.ml 549ms 3.2ms 57.1MB 510ms 23ms ocaml 5.3.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 835ms 9.6ms 134.4MB 1263ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3210ms 31ms 51.1MB 3280ms 70ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 2.ml 4574ms 4.7ms 6.4MB 4563ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 2.ml 1166ms 5.8ms 5.9MB 1153ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ocaml 2.ml 295ms 3.8ms 5.2MB 283ms 0ms ocaml 5.3.0