Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Java VS C++ benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sat Mar 29 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 464ms 6.6ms 574.2MB 563ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 479ms 9.1ms 616.4MB 583ms 103ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 481ms 19ms 639.3MB 660ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 1236ms 32ms 1075.1MB 593ms 800ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 126ms 3.2ms 166.9MB 150ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 129ms 10ms 97.1MB 167ms 33ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 149ms 2.9ms 225.2MB 223ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 312ms 9.7ms 241.7MB 150ms 213ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 623ms 17ms 398.0MB 1187ms 123ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 634ms 69ms 264.6MB 1700ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 637ms 48ms 243.9MB 1720ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 988ms 37ms 532.6MB 1707ms 437ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 308ms 8.6ms 225.1MB 610ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 328ms 2.9ms 177.2MB 887ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 374ms 17ms 127.0MB 1007ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 519ms 31ms 214.7MB 1017ms 217ms openjdk/zgc 21

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1-im.cpp 400ms 5.9ms 2.5MB 1537ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1-im.cpp 426ms 45ms 4.0MB 1617ms 3ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1-m.java 892ms 1.5ms 96.4MB 3260ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 951ms 48ms 48.8MB 3533ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 986ms 4.4ms 50.2MB 3620ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1049ms 7.4ms 45.7MB 3410ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1-im.cpp 39ms 0.3ms 2.6MB 130ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1-im.cpp 48ms 15ms 3.9MB 153ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1-m.java 187ms 7.1ms 48.5MB 477ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 193ms 2.0ms 50.3MB 500ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 198ms 11ms 95.6MB 537ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 302ms 10ms 45.6MB 503ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4-m.java 450ms 7.2ms 101.3MB 637ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 459ms 3.8ms 49.0MB 550ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 461ms 6.4ms 47.5MB 547ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 576ms 6.5ms 45.3MB 553ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 4-m.java 122ms 3.2ms 46.3MB 163ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 4-m.java 131ms 2.3ms 47.9MB 177ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 143ms 7.4ms 92.6MB 210ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 241ms 8.7ms 44.1MB 157ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1.cpp 1.3ms 0.5ms 1.4MB 0ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 1.5ms 0.3ms 2.3MB 0ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1.java 66ms 0.5ms 52.8MB 68ms 22ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 3.8ms 43.8MB 76ms 16ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.9ms 44.5MB 74ms 14ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 194ms 3.2ms 42.8MB 80ms 136ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 1050ms 66ms 129.6MB 3587ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1054ms 58ms 156.6MB 3593ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1117ms 15ms 179.4MB 3823ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1481ms 13ms 179.2MB 4700ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 325ms 21ms 89.5MB 947ms 43ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 336ms 12ms 100.5MB 983ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 346ms 4.5ms 135.2MB 950ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 436ms 3.5ms 98.3MB 913ms 177ms openjdk/zgc 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b.java 1159ms 12ms 54.4MB 1263ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1163ms 10ms 55.4MB 1277ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1203ms 22ms 109.8MB 1437ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1254ms 5.6ms 133.1MB 1370ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1275ms 11ms 51.1MB 1247ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1656ms 6.9ms 56.4MB 1753ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1665ms 7.4ms 55.0MB 1767ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1682ms 6.9ms 102.6MB 1793ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1713ms 17ms 202.5MB 1790ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1715ms 3.0ms 320.3MB 1777ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1780ms 3.1ms 51.4MB 1753ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2382ms 13ms 844.6MB 1807ms 683ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 686.7MB 5320ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 802.5MB 5360ms 127ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3464.0MB 3350ms 2007ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1b-m.java 186ms 4.8ms 51.8MB 293ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 190ms 2.9ms 51.0MB 293ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 191ms 3.1ms 81.4MB 267ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 192ms 6.8ms 49.3MB 307ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1a-m.java 193ms 6.8ms 52.4MB 290ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 195ms 5.6ms 87.2MB 263ms 37ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 200ms 9.3ms 112.5MB 317ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1a-m.java 208ms 5.0ms 98.8MB 313ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 229ms 17ms 102.1MB 383ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 300ms 9.5ms 47.4MB 277ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 312ms 2.7ms 48.2MB 287ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 343ms 9.0ms 114.4MB 263ms 173ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 568ms 13ms 622.7MB 853ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 576ms 0.6ms 813.9MB 843ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1594ms 4.0ms 1319.6MB 847ms 1050ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 405ms 1.0ms 680.0MB 473ms 97ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 408ms 3.0ms 544.3MB 507ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 409ms 2.7ms 638.5MB 613ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1079ms 14ms 967.6MB 430ms 763ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 166ms 3.5ms 159.8MB 240ms 43ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 166ms 4.0ms 206.8MB 237ms 47ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 213ms 8.8ms 253.3MB 357ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 414ms 4.7ms 341.8MB 220ms 273ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 0-i.cpp 167ms 0.0ms 1.5MB 160ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 0-i.cpp 171ms 0.6ms 2.3MB 160ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 315ms 1.1ms 1.9MB 307ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 316ms 1.6ms 2.3MB 310ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1.java 445ms 3.1ms 81.4MB 473ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 448ms 1.2ms 45.5MB 493ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 450ms 1.9ms 48.1MB 483ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 570ms 3.2ms 44.7MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1242ms 14ms 599.7MB 1377ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1263ms 11ms 775.7MB 1373ms 113ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3341ms 60ms 2440.1MB 1657ms 1900ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 0-i.cpp 19ms 0.1ms 1.5MB 10ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 0-i.cpp 20ms 0.6ms 2.3MB 10ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 34ms 0.4ms 2.3MB 27ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 1.cpp 34ms 1.0ms 1.8MB 30ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 1.java 119ms 5.4ms 45.2MB 157ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 123ms 5.6ms 81.6MB 157ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 124ms 1.4ms 47.8MB 160ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 248ms 2.5ms 44.8MB 170ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 297ms 9.8ms 354.8MB 443ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 322ms 3.6ms 396.6MB 450ms 73ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 694ms 10ms 528.8MB 457ms 420ms openjdk/zgc 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 418ms 9.7ms 115.3MB 463ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 444ms 12ms 118.1MB 487ms 23ms openjdk 23
cpp 1.cpp 489ms 3.3ms 7.3MB 477ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 531ms 3.0ms 7.8MB 520ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1.java 578ms 14ms 112.6MB 480ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 640ms 25ms 255.6MB 920ms 80ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 783ms 2.1ms 60.4MB 833ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 784ms 1.1ms 57.8MB 840ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 851ms 3.6ms 53.4MB 783ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1410ms 27ms 288.5MB 2513ms 130ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 1.cpp 121ms 1.2ms 3.6MB 113ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 1.cpp 132ms 1.6ms 4.0MB 120ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 1.java 158ms 2.3ms 68.0MB 200ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 164ms 3.5ms 65.0MB 220ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 209ms 4.1ms 137.4MB 293ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 257ms 4.6ms 49.9MB 313ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 264ms 1.7ms 50.3MB 313ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 290ms 3.5ms 61.4MB 210ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 371ms 2.4ms 47.2MB 310ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 479ms 1.2ms 185.2MB 853ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 3212ms 12ms 445.5MB 3660ms 103ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3696ms 50ms 426.0MB 4590ms 110ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3706ms 47ms 436.5MB 4570ms 117ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1918.6MB 4623ms 1213ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 887ms 0.9ms 440.3MB 1237ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1005ms 41ms 423.5MB 1817ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1005ms 37ms 416.2MB 1837ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 2051ms 45ms 1392.4MB 1747ms 1100ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 406.5MB 5423ms 87ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.4MB 5327ms 63ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.9MB 5330ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 468.0MB 4960ms 307ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 3-m.java 796ms 14ms 176.2MB 1187ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 802ms 15ms 131.6MB 1220ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 802ms 3.4ms 132.7MB 1237ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 980ms 26ms 133.2MB 1147ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 476ms 3.5ms 3.4MB 1840ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 488ms 2.9ms 2.1MB 1890ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 926ms 1.9ms 2.3MB 3637ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 928ms 2.0ms 3.4MB 3630ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
java 2-m.java 1989ms 19ms 47.7MB 7560ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1997ms 1.6ms 49.0MB 7633ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2134ms 23ms 45.4MB 7440ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2523ms 33ms 95.5MB 9413ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 125ms 0.7ms 3.4MB 457ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 8-m.cpp 129ms 0.8ms 2.0MB 483ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 6-im.cpp 239ms 2.6ms 3.4MB 913ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 242ms 3.8ms 2.0MB 923ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 2-m.java 605ms 9.9ms 47.7MB 2137ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 616ms 4.1ms 48.4MB 2170ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 730ms 1.3ms 45.4MB 2137ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 781ms 8.9ms 93.2MB 2740ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
cpp 8-m.cpp 39ms 0.1ms 2.0MB 130ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
cpp 8-m.cpp 39ms 4.1ms 3.4MB 113ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 65ms 0.5ms 3.4MB 227ms 0ms clang++ 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
cpp 6-im.cpp 67ms 0.3ms 2.0MB 240ms 0ms g++ 11.4.0
java 2-m.java 255ms 6.3ms 49.0MB 753ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 255ms 9.2ms 47.6MB 763ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 319ms 30ms 94.2MB 960ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 382ms 13ms 45.2MB 747ms 153ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2315ms 224ms 263.5MB 8803ms 130ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2383ms 196ms 242.9MB 9020ms 140ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2946ms 204ms 1232.1MB 9510ms 1123ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 446ms 10ms 93.3MB 1473ms 53ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 475ms 14ms 130.5MB 1567ms 70ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 677ms 31ms 217.5MB 1827ms 267ms openjdk/zgc 21