Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Zig VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu May 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 492ms 10ms 578.8MB 590ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 1721ms 8.7ms 49.0MB 1690ms 17ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 3846ms 34ms 144.1MB 4020ms 77ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 3.2ms 163.1MB 143ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 156ms 0.8ms 7.0MB 147ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 204ms 3.4ms 17.6MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 2257ms 3.8ms 2.5MB 2227ms 17ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 382ms 3.2ms 1.9MB 363ms 3ms zig 0.14.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 632ms 6.8ms 1.4MB 2400ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 3-i.zig 1765ms 2.1ms 1.0MB 1757ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 2717ms 3.5ms 1.0MB 2707ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 60ms 0.7ms 1.4MB 200ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 3-i.zig 147ms 0.2ms 1.0MB 140ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 228ms 1.2ms 1.0MB 220ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 88ms 1.7ms 1.0MB 80ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 11ms 0.8ms 1.0MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 1.1ms 0.2ms 1.1MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 61ms 0.9ms 47.6MB 78ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1-m.zig 315ms 1.9ms 67.1MB 830ms 30ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 504ms 5.3ms 28.1MB 477ms 10ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1-m.zig 64ms 1.1ms 54.4MB 133ms 27ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 66ms 1.8ms 15.4MB 50ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 35ms 2.4ms 2.8MB 27ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 196ms 4.7ms 95.0MB 317ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 197ms 54ms 12.5MB 197ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2-m.kt 203ms 3.6ms 101.8MB 443ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 359ms 0.8ms 12.4MB 363ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 91ms 1.2ms 2.8MB 80ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 316ms 6.8ms 213.9MB 543ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 342ms 5.5ms 202.7MB 460ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 485ms 11ms 12.4MB 523ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1055ms 17ms 12.5MB 1087ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 16ms 1.2ms 1.3MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 2.kt 93ms 1.7ms 12.9MB 87ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.5ms 12.8MB 113ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 150ms 3.8ms 90.8MB 293ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 163ms 4.5ms 96.5MB 353ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 247ms 0.5ms 4.1MB 240ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 12ms 0.0ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 406ms 17ms 680.2MB 453ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 858ms 3.7ms 41.0MB 830ms 13ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 1821ms 13ms 89.8MB 1913ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 7.9ms 207.3MB 207ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 180ms 6.0ms 11.0MB 163ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 259ms 1.7ms 24.9MB 263ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 3.zig 198ms 1.2ms 1.0MB 190ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 2.zig 279ms 0.4ms 1.0MB 270ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 315ms 1.0ms 1.1MB 307ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 350ms 1.7ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 1.3ms 49.4MB 487ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 3.zig 22ms 0.3ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 2.zig 30ms 0.1ms 1.0MB 20ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 1.zig 34ms 0.6ms 1.1MB 23ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.9ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 0.7ms 49.7MB 167ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 271ms 2.6ms 40.2MB 250ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 2.zig 328ms 2.4ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 54ms 4.4ms 10.9MB 47ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
zig 2.zig 81ms 0.9ms 2.3MB 70ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 2466ms 3.3ms 2.2MB 2437ms 13ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1.kt 3800ms 74ms 352.9MB 4630ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 4013ms 1483ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.8MB 5123ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 567ms 2.8ms 1.8MB 553ms 0ms zig 0.14.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 984ms 36ms 353.1MB 1740ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 4027ms 1493ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5110ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 3689ms 4.3ms 1.4MB 3683ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 923ms 3.3ms 1.3MB 913ms 0ms zig 0.14.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 232ms 0.1ms 1.3MB 220ms 0ms zig 0.14.0