Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Zig VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 455ms 6.3ms 576.1MB 557ms 80ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 462ms 6.4ms 643.1MB 673ms 90ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 470ms 9.4ms 639.7MB 570ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1207ms 20ms 1063.7MB 580ms 793ms openjdk/zgc 21
zig 1.zig 1718ms 14ms 49.0MB 1683ms 20ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 124ms 1.6ms 167.0MB 157ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 129ms 5.5ms 98.0MB 163ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 143ms 3.2ms 224.5MB 217ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
zig 1.zig 150ms 2.1ms 7.0MB 140ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 2.java 299ms 4.1ms 241.7MB 157ms 197ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 585ms 85ms 265.5MB 1613ms 70ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 604ms 11ms 359.6MB 1167ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 636ms 55ms 237.0MB 1717ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 970ms 31ms 534.8MB 1663ms 407ms openjdk/zgc 21
zig 1.zig 2257ms 7.3ms 2.5MB 2230ms 10ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 301ms 6.0ms 225.7MB 600ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 360ms 33ms 177.9MB 983ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 367ms 17ms 111.4MB 1000ms 50ms openjdk 23
zig 1.zig 384ms 5.4ms 1.9MB 370ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1-m.java 537ms 14ms 215.4MB 1073ms 227ms openjdk/zgc 21

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 638ms 2.2ms 1.4MB 2400ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1-m.java 896ms 2.1ms 96.4MB 3313ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 966ms 3.7ms 48.3MB 3607ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 983ms 2.3ms 50.2MB 3620ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 1025ms 15ms 45.9MB 3360ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
zig 3-i.zig 1764ms 0.6ms 1.0MB 1753ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 1.zig 2716ms 5.8ms 1.0MB 2707ms 0ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 60ms 0.3ms 1.4MB 200ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 3-i.zig 147ms 0.4ms 1.0MB 140ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1-m.java 180ms 11ms 48.1MB 493ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 188ms 3.4ms 50.1MB 490ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 201ms 17ms 96.2MB 570ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
zig 1.zig 229ms 0.8ms 1.0MB 220ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1-m.java 295ms 8.2ms 45.8MB 487ms 133ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 87ms 1.4ms 1.0MB 80ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 4-m.java 449ms 13ms 102.4MB 637ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 456ms 17ms 47.5MB 543ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 458ms 1.4ms 49.3MB 540ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 569ms 8.4ms 45.4MB 537ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 10ms 0.1ms 1.0MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 4.java 121ms 1.3ms 46.2MB 157ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 126ms 2.1ms 47.7MB 167ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 134ms 6.0ms 91.7MB 200ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 251ms 9.3ms 43.9MB 163ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 1.1ms 0.4ms 1.1MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 62ms 2.4ms 52.7MB 68ms 18ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 6.7ms 43.8MB 78ms 12ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.7ms 44.5MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 184ms 2.0ms 42.9MB 80ms 132ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1-m.zig 314ms 1.1ms 66.5MB 827ms 30ms zig 0.14.1
zig 1.zig 500ms 5.4ms 28.0MB 483ms 7ms zig 0.14.1
java 3-m.java 1018ms 55ms 127.3MB 3503ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1086ms 3.2ms 155.6MB 3727ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1105ms 0.4ms 179.8MB 3787ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1432ms 7.3ms 178.7MB 4573ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1-m.zig 63ms 0.5ms 54.3MB 123ms 33ms zig 0.14.1
zig 1.zig 66ms 1.0ms 15.5MB 50ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 3-m.java 312ms 16ms 87.7MB 900ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 324ms 22ms 88.1MB 953ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 330ms 18ms 135.0MB 900ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 431ms 1.7ms 98.2MB 893ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 35ms 0.8ms 2.8MB 30ms 0ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 95ms 3.4ms 2.8MB 87ms 0ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 15ms 0.4ms 1.3MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.1

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 247ms 0.8ms 4.1MB 240ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1b.java 1162ms 13ms 55.7MB 1267ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1b.java 1167ms 5.8ms 54.6MB 1290ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b.java 1194ms 11ms 108.9MB 1423ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1251ms 2.5ms 138.1MB 1360ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 1285ms 3.9ms 51.4MB 1280ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 1654ms 4.5ms 55.9MB 1753ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1655ms 9.7ms 54.9MB 1757ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1a.java 1673ms 5.4ms 102.6MB 1780ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1704ms 4.5ms 202.4MB 1777ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 1713ms 11ms 317.6MB 1767ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 1a.java 1770ms 2.2ms 51.6MB 1740ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 2370ms 4.2ms 840.7MB 1800ms 673ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 668.0MB 5277ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 780.8MB 5280ms 133ms openjdk 23
java 2.java timeout 0.0ms 3310.2MB 3417ms 1943ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 12ms 0.2ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1b-m.java 177ms 11ms 49.5MB 283ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1b-m.java 188ms 6.3ms 50.5MB 293ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 190ms 4.7ms 50.1MB 293ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 192ms 9.2ms 81.7MB 267ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1a-m.java 192ms 5.4ms 52.1MB 293ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 201ms 8.4ms 111.9MB 303ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 202ms 3.9ms 87.3MB 287ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1a-m.java 205ms 4.7ms 98.5MB 303ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b-m.java 218ms 17ms 101.3MB 367ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1b.java 305ms 25ms 47.4MB 297ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1a.java 316ms 1.7ms 47.8MB 297ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1.java 338ms 2.3ms 114.4MB 267ms 160ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 554ms 13ms 624.9MB 847ms 93ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 566ms 11ms 773.8MB 837ms 103ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1608ms 55ms 1400.9MB 823ms 1083ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 398ms 1.9ms 544.5MB 497ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 399ms 2.7ms 679.6MB 473ms 90ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 404ms 8.2ms 633.5MB 610ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
zig 1.zig 856ms 8.4ms 41.0MB 830ms 10ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 1023ms 11ms 974.0MB 463ms 707ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 166ms 3.4ms 158.5MB 247ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 170ms 12ms 206.5MB 243ms 43ms openjdk 21
zig 1.zig 178ms 3.3ms 11.0MB 167ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1-m.java 213ms 7.0ms 253.5MB 357ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 412ms 7.1ms 341.9MB 213ms 277ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 3.zig 198ms 1.0ms 1.0MB 190ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 2.zig 279ms 0.5ms 1.0MB 270ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 1.zig 315ms 0.7ms 1.1MB 310ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 441ms 1.8ms 45.4MB 480ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 444ms 1.2ms 48.2MB 480ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 447ms 3.2ms 81.7MB 483ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 567ms 1.6ms 45.0MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1230ms 1.5ms 567.4MB 1367ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1245ms 7.7ms 792.1MB 1367ms 93ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3242ms 30ms 2411.5MB 1663ms 1800ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 3.zig 21ms 0.2ms 1.0MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 2.zig 30ms 0.1ms 1.0MB 20ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 1.zig 34ms 0.6ms 1.1MB 30ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 115ms 2.7ms 81.5MB 143ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 117ms 1.5ms 45.3MB 157ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 118ms 3.8ms 48.1MB 157ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 241ms 4.9ms 44.6MB 157ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 289ms 5.6ms 371.1MB 420ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 305ms 7.2ms 418.7MB 450ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 680ms 10ms 526.8MB 463ms 403ms openjdk/zgc 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 255ms 8.2ms 40.2MB 240ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 2.zig 328ms 2.8ms 6.0MB 320ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 386ms 4.5ms 115.4MB 440ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 400ms 5.1ms 118.2MB 440ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 563ms 9.0ms 112.7MB 473ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 597ms 12ms 270.7MB 853ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 779ms 4.4ms 60.6MB 827ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 780ms 4.0ms 57.3MB 843ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 835ms 8.1ms 53.1MB 767ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1339ms 38ms 269.6MB 2393ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 55ms 1.4ms 10.9MB 43ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
zig 2.zig 81ms 1.1ms 2.3MB 70ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 152ms 0.7ms 67.9MB 200ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 158ms 5.5ms 64.9MB 210ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 199ms 1.5ms 124.8MB 287ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 256ms 1.2ms 49.8MB 317ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 260ms 1.5ms 50.4MB 313ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 281ms 0.9ms 61.2MB 200ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 366ms 2.7ms 47.4MB 307ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 472ms 6.2ms 144.5MB 843ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 2458ms 11ms 2.3MB 2430ms 17ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 3185ms 10ms 444.0MB 3607ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3705ms 65ms 448.5MB 4597ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 3709ms 72ms 366.5MB 4553ms 107ms openjdk 21
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1957.4MB 4627ms 1233ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 565ms 4.7ms 1.8MB 553ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 1.java 880ms 4.2ms 369.9MB 1217ms 93ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1000ms 42ms 386.8MB 1787ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1014ms 24ms 412.8MB 1770ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 1993ms 39ms 1355.3MB 1723ms 1037ms openjdk/zgc 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 1986ms 9.7ms 47.8MB 7600ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1987ms 18ms 48.7MB 7617ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2117ms 11ms 45.8MB 7620ms 153ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2514ms 6.9ms 94.5MB 9423ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
zig 1.zig 3684ms 1.8ms 1.4MB 3670ms 0ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 599ms 0.5ms 47.8MB 2133ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 614ms 4.8ms 49.0MB 2180ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 737ms 1.7ms 45.5MB 2183ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 761ms 25ms 95.2MB 2687ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
zig 1.zig 927ms 2.1ms 1.3MB 920ms 0ms zig 0.14.1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 232ms 0.3ms 1.3MB 220ms 0ms zig 0.14.1
java 2-m.java 249ms 6.5ms 47.4MB 737ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 257ms 2.4ms 48.6MB 783ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 310ms 29ms 95.0MB 947ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 377ms 11ms 45.3MB 767ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21