Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

C# VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Thu May 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 492ms 10ms 578.8MB 590ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 943ms 22ms 185.3MB 937ms 150ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 955ms 17ms 188.9MB 957ms 143ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1699ms 20ms 101.5MB 1897ms 217ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 3846ms 34ms 144.1MB 4020ms 77ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 3.2ms 163.1MB 143ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 123ms 5.1ms 31.9MB 87ms 33ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 140ms 0.7ms 44.1MB 117ms 13ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 204ms 3.4ms 17.6MB 210ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 206ms 6.4ms 50.4MB 157ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.203

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1966ms 64ms 237.9MB 7327ms 110ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2131ms 19ms 217.3MB 2937ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1-m.cs 2151ms 190ms 51.9MB 7533ms 73ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 2664ms 219ms 74.3MB 8140ms 107ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 2-m.kt 4241ms 30ms 21.4MB 14193ms 557ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5507ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1-m.cs 167ms 15ms 19.5MB 487ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 2-m.kt 250ms 1.5ms 21.3MB 833ms 47ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1-m.cs 275ms 8.4ms 36.8MB 787ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1.kt 387ms 13ms 17.4MB 397ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 480ms 15ms 74.4MB 1100ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 881ms 82ms 95.9MB 3080ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 4174ms 6.8ms 18.4MB 4150ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 4970ms 26ms 37.8MB 4940ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 690ms 2.1ms 14.5MB 673ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 866ms 5.7ms 33.9MB 843ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 114ms 1.5ms 22.1MB 350ms 57ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 190ms 2.0ms 38.3MB 467ms 123ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 241ms 15ms 51.6MB 663ms 123ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 24ms 1.2ms 15.6MB 33ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 65ms 3.9ms 37.4MB 87ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 5-m.cs 71ms 1.9ms 30.8MB 100ms 27ms mono 6.12.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.2ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 10ms 5.6ms 7.6MB 0ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 31ms 1.0ms 21.4MB 20ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 34ms 0.4ms 26.0MB 20ms 2ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 61ms 0.9ms 47.6MB 78ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-http2.cs 510ms 10ms 108.5MB 720ms 140ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-m.cs 566ms 39ms 140.6MB 723ms 500ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-http3.cs 674ms 12ms 144.7MB 1107ms 247ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 720ms 20ms 165.3MB 1137ms 673ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 2-m.kt 4772ms 83ms 444.0MB 14403ms 2467ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 404.3MB 15977ms 2973ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-m.cs 342ms 9.5ms 87.3MB 380ms 187ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1-m.cs 383ms 2.9ms 97.5MB 523ms 210ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-http2.cs 424ms 2.9ms 86.4MB 487ms 87ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2-http3.cs 491ms 6.2ms 93.5MB 583ms 113ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 2042ms 296ms 229.7MB 6220ms 627ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 2149ms 29ms 238.8MB 5513ms 630ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 306ms 5.5ms 68.9MB 267ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 761ms 85ms 143.8MB 767ms 83ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 779ms 88ms 173.9MB 2120ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 1495ms 5.8ms 233.2MB 1653ms 87ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 1881ms 40ms 702.6MB 4407ms 157ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 2680ms 46ms 731.8MB 3250ms 450ms dotnet 9.0.203

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6-m.cs 456ms 12ms 46.2MB 1207ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 6-m.cs 743ms 18ms 68.1MB 2037ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 6-m.cs 1019ms 22ms 66.8MB 2907ms 27ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6-m.cs 97ms 2.6ms 36.0MB 163ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 6-m.cs 178ms 11ms 58.2MB 260ms 27ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 6-m.cs 196ms 3.6ms 55.8MB 380ms 17ms mono 6.12.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 94ms 1.7ms 9.8MB 80ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 151ms 1.0ms 23.2MB 133ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 196ms 4.7ms 95.0MB 317ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 197ms 54ms 12.5MB 197ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2-m.kt 203ms 3.6ms 101.8MB 443ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 256ms 3.5ms 29.5MB 240ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1.kt 359ms 0.8ms 12.4MB 363ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 1044ms 8.4ms 13.0MB 1027ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1298ms 21ms 33.0MB 1283ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3310ms 13ms 45.4MB 3267ms 33ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 260ms 1.6ms 9.8MB 250ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 2-m.kt 316ms 6.8ms 213.9MB 543ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 342ms 5.5ms 202.7MB 460ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 361ms 6.0ms 23.0MB 343ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 404ms 3.1ms 29.4MB 390ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 2.kt 485ms 11ms 12.4MB 523ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 1055ms 17ms 12.5MB 1087ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 3097ms 9.3ms 13.1MB 3073ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3653ms 102ms 32.4MB 3643ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 43.6MB 4940ms 50ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 50ms 1.8ms 9.6MB 40ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 2.kt 93ms 1.7ms 12.9MB 87ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 2.cs 94ms 2.7ms 22.8MB 80ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.5ms 12.8MB 113ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 150ms 3.8ms 90.8MB 293ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 163ms 4.5ms 96.5MB 353ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 168ms 1.0ms 29.3MB 150ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1616ms 2.4ms 32.8MB 1610ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1820ms 6.9ms 28.8MB 1803ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 1826ms 2.7ms 12.9MB 1813ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 4.cs 331ms 1.8ms 37.2MB 310ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 550ms 85ms 39.6MB 527ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 2035ms 6.8ms 36.6MB 2010ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 2456ms 6.5ms 36.5MB 2430ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 2525ms 0.7ms 16.3MB 2510ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3562ms 4.9ms 16.3MB 3547ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 22.2MB 4987ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 4.cs 81ms 8.6ms 34.3MB 53ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 116ms 1.9ms 13.0MB 103ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 135ms 0.8ms 33.9MB 113ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 150ms 60ms 36.8MB 127ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 156ms 1.3ms 13.0MB 140ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3.cs 166ms 5.6ms 33.8MB 143ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 575ms 10ms 23.5MB 560ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 406ms 17ms 680.2MB 453ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 542ms 21ms 121.4MB 490ms 90ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 603ms 8.7ms 143.3MB 557ms 117ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 678ms 16ms 136.3MB 627ms 100ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 761ms 17ms 164.3MB 697ms 130ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 1306ms 19ms 140.5MB 1507ms 173ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 1821ms 13ms 89.8MB 1913ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 135ms 2.4ms 57.2MB 110ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 157ms 2.1ms 74.5MB 120ms 53ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 7.9ms 207.3MB 207ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 258ms 7.0ms 74.8MB 223ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 258ms 0.7ms 69.4MB 233ms 30ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1.kt 259ms 1.7ms 24.9MB 263ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 1.cs 281ms 5.4ms 89.5MB 237ms 57ms dotnet 9.0.203

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 350ms 1.7ms 3.5MB 340ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 9.cs 358ms 2.8ms 28.0MB 340ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 370ms 3.1ms 9.9MB 360ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 423ms 3.6ms 27.5MB 400ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 1.3ms 49.4MB 487ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 1250ms 5.1ms 20.4MB 1237ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.9ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
csharp 8.cs 46ms 1.1ms 9.9MB 37ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 9.cs 90ms 1.4ms 27.6MB 73ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 8.cs 94ms 1.2ms 27.5MB 80ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 0.7ms 49.7MB 167ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 164ms 3.9ms 22.8MB 150ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 310ms 3.9ms 78.9MB 290ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 355ms 2.4ms 96.3MB 330ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 393ms 1.8ms 17.4MB 377ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 397ms 1.9ms 35.6MB 380ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 550ms 8.4ms 84.0MB 527ms 10ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 1862ms 2.9ms 27.5MB 1847ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 64ms 3.2ms 24.8MB 50ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 100ms 1.2ms 42.3MB 80ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 101ms 1.3ms 11.9MB 90ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 2.cs 127ms 1.0ms 30.1MB 103ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 146ms 1.7ms 38.2MB 130ms 7ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 483ms 5.4ms 23.0MB 470ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 3245ms 17ms 14.0MB 3153ms 90ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 3618ms 42ms 38.1MB 3630ms 113ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1.kt 3800ms 74ms 352.9MB 4630ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 4013ms 1483ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.8MB 5123ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 761ms 5.1ms 13.5MB 720ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 984ms 36ms 353.1MB 1740ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 997ms 13ms 37.9MB 1083ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 4027ms 1493ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5110ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 1761ms 4.6ms 416.8MB 1653ms 160ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 5.cs 2090ms 65ms 445.0MB 2137ms 177ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 6.cs 2767ms 68ms 439.8MB 2703ms 187ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 5.cs 4291ms 32ms 418.5MB 4193ms 153ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5410ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5060ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 191ms 2.6ms 47.8MB 167ms 17ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 5.cs 281ms 1.6ms 72.4MB 253ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 6.cs 389ms 1.5ms 70.3MB 363ms 27ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 5.cs 443ms 4.6ms 46.8MB 417ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 842ms 18ms 134.5MB 1290ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3207ms 14ms 51.3MB 3277ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 2903ms 55ms 13.1MB 2863ms 27ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 1.cs 2974ms 56ms 35.3MB 3050ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.203
kotlin 1.kt 3072ms 52ms 231.6MB 4040ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 729ms 12ms 13.0MB 710ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
kotlin 1-m.kt 1010ms 43ms 231.7MB 1910ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 1010ms 34ms 35.5MB 1097ms 23ms dotnet 9.0.203

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 1857ms 0.8ms 10.5MB 7263ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 1927ms 7.1ms 30.0MB 7350ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 4664ms 7.4ms 25.5MB 18030ms 17ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 473ms 1.1ms 10.4MB 1810ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 536ms 6.8ms 29.8MB 1880ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 1213ms 6.5ms 25.6MB 4547ms 10ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 127ms 1.6ms 10.5MB 450ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 181ms 4.2ms 28.5MB 503ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.203
csharp 3-m.cs 353ms 13ms 25.5MB 1193ms 10ms mono 6.12.0