Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

C# VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Dec 31 2024, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 455ms 16ms 575.5MB 540ms 63ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 886ms 4.1ms 166.1MB 870ms 127ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 889ms 12ms 194.2MB 897ms 133ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 1646ms 54ms 103.5MB 1847ms 210ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 2928ms 6.8ms 248.5MB 4967ms 627ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 95ms 2.4ms 158.2MB 103ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 117ms 12ms 45.7MB 77ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 136ms 3.4ms 44.2MB 107ms 17ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 202ms 3.7ms 66.8MB 143ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 257ms 6.2ms 32.6MB 400ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1799ms 182ms 235.5MB 6667ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1-m.cs 2035ms 57ms 64.6MB 7020ms 97ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 2058ms 23ms 217.3MB 2833ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1-m.cs 2504ms 195ms 88.3MB 7747ms 103ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 14.8MB 6030ms 500ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 52.1MB 19097ms 113ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1-m.cs 154ms 8.5ms 31.8MB 397ms 23ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1-m.cs 255ms 8.9ms 49.5MB 703ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 2-m.kt 366ms 8.9ms 38.2MB 1350ms 13ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 450ms 15ms 73.3MB 1017ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 646ms 7.8ms 10.8MB 807ms 53ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 757ms 71ms 99.7MB 2643ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 3879ms 27ms 24.0MB 3850ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 4710ms 24ms 43.7MB 4687ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.101

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 641ms 1.7ms 20.6MB 620ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 830ms 5.3ms 40.1MB 803ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.101

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 125ms 14ms 32.7MB 347ms 80ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 5-m.cs 183ms 1.2ms 48.7MB 453ms 110ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 5-m.cs 239ms 14ms 59.0MB 640ms 97ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 25ms 1.8ms 25.1MB 33ms 17ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 5-m.cs 59ms 1.5ms 44.6MB 63ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 5-m.cs 71ms 2.1ms 39.6MB 93ms 33ms mono 6.12.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.3ms 0.2ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 18ms 11ms 15.5MB 0ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 30ms 0.2ms 23.4MB 18ms 2ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 34ms 1.5ms 32.5MB 18ms 6ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 55ms 4.2ms 47.4MB 46ms 14ms kotlin/jvm 21

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-http2.cs 496ms 24ms 120.7MB 680ms 153ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2-m.cs 619ms 9.7ms 152.3MB 680ms 523ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2-http3.cs 660ms 21ms 157.7MB 1057ms 273ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1-m.cs 750ms 12ms 176.3MB 1027ms 667ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 2-m.kt 4837ms 51ms 400.1MB 14360ms 2470ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 405.3MB 16127ms 2747ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 378ms 23ms 100.8MB 377ms 173ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1-m.cs 423ms 8.7ms 109.1MB 483ms 233ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2-http2.cs 423ms 15ms 98.0MB 457ms 97ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2-http3.cs 474ms 16ms 104.5MB 530ms 143ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 2173ms 206ms 269.1MB 6403ms 597ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 2226ms 288ms 241.9MB 2337ms 253ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 298ms 9.2ms 80.7MB 257ms 23ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 801ms 33ms 153.1MB 803ms 90ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 863ms 53ms 202.0MB 2353ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 1437ms 45ms 224.3MB 1627ms 77ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 2217ms 99ms 784.2MB 4773ms 140ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 2524ms 51ms 757.7MB 2907ms 400ms dotnet 9.0.101

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6-m.cs 442ms 15ms 54.7MB 1167ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 6-m.cs 650ms 8.3ms 78.3MB 1763ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 6-m.cs 964ms 22ms 68.9MB 2790ms 33ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6-m.cs 80ms 1.3ms 45.0MB 130ms 23ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 6-m.cs 160ms 3.1ms 66.3MB 227ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 6-m.cs 184ms 4.4ms 55.0MB 357ms 20ms mono 6.12.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 89ms 3.0ms 15.9MB 80ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 140ms 0.7ms 26.8MB 127ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 172ms 3.8ms 94.9MB 283ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 188ms 5.4ms 102.2MB 397ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 243ms 1.1ms 33.6MB 230ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 2.kt 285ms 1.3ms 7.8MB 413ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 501ms 15ms 7.8MB 600ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 1019ms 10ms 16.9MB 997ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 1233ms 42ms 38.8MB 1220ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 3162ms 77ms 51.6MB 3123ms 30ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 255ms 3.9ms 13.6MB 240ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 2-m.kt 298ms 25ms 214.4MB 503ms 57ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 308ms 0.6ms 204.7MB 413ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 338ms 3.1ms 22.7MB 327ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 390ms 13ms 33.4MB 363ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 2.kt 863ms 8.2ms 7.6MB 1240ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1456ms 8.2ms 7.9MB 1763ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 3020ms 20ms 17.1MB 2993ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 3573ms 79ms 39.3MB 3550ms 27ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 49.7MB 4940ms 50ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 49ms 0.9ms 15.8MB 30ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 88ms 2.2ms 24.7MB 70ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 132ms 1.5ms 92.4MB 250ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 134ms 3.9ms 5.7MB 190ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 159ms 9.9ms 90.8MB 307ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 159ms 4.8ms 33.6MB 133ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 162ms 4.0ms 5.8MB 207ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 1.cs 1533ms 8.5ms 38.8MB 1517ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 1716ms 16ms 28.6MB 1703ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 1729ms 2.9ms 16.9MB 1707ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 1032ms 65ms 46.1MB 1010ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 1949ms 25ms 42.7MB 1913ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 3.cs 2330ms 12ms 42.8MB 2303ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 3.cs 2397ms 13ms 22.3MB 2383ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 3363ms 16ms 22.1MB 3350ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 26.4MB 4987ms 3ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3.cs 112ms 2.9ms 19.4MB 100ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 130ms 1.9ms 39.8MB 110ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 141ms 27ms 41.3MB 123ms 0ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 150ms 3.4ms 17.0MB 133ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 3.cs 156ms 4.5ms 39.9MB 140ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 538ms 3.9ms 25.3MB 520ms 7ms mono 6.12.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 329ms 3.6ms 677.6MB 360ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 521ms 13ms 123.3MB 463ms 80ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 549ms 12ms 154.4MB 487ms 123ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 657ms 22ms 142.9MB 603ms 97ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 663ms 5.2ms 169.5MB 603ms 123ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 1246ms 80ms 142.6MB 1450ms 163ms mono 6.12.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1426ms 20ms 136.5MB 2193ms 330ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 2.0ms 206.5MB 157ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 2.cs 129ms 11ms 62.5MB 93ms 33ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 147ms 8.4ms 80.9MB 113ms 43ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 247ms 3.2ms 71.3MB 207ms 43ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 261ms 6.2ms 98.0MB 220ms 53ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 268ms 26ms 80.7MB 217ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 283ms 1.7ms 40.4MB 410ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 9.cs 342ms 4.6ms 34.1MB 320ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 8.cs 350ms 0.8ms 15.8MB 340ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 1n.kt 386ms 8.6ms 4.7MB 373ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 8.cs 410ms 17ms 33.9MB 390ms 0ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 422ms 3.5ms 49.7MB 463ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 1189ms 27ms 24.1MB 1163ms 7ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 43ms 0.8ms 4.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
csharp 8.cs 44ms 0.9ms 15.7MB 30ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 9.cs 96ms 16ms 34.0MB 70ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 8.cs 108ms 14ms 33.9MB 77ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 112ms 0.7ms 49.4MB 150ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 8.cs 155ms 4.8ms 22.5MB 143ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 288ms 4.4ms 55.1MB 270ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 312ms 3.5ms 74.6MB 283ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 376ms 1.5ms 39.9MB 357ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 401ms 4.0ms 19.8MB 383ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 509ms 6.2ms 84.0MB 483ms 10ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 1771ms 12ms 31.3MB 1753ms 7ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 63ms 1.1ms 25.9MB 43ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 97ms 0.8ms 45.3MB 70ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 103ms 1.4ms 17.9MB 87ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 2.cs 120ms 3.1ms 35.9MB 107ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 139ms 3.8ms 39.9MB 117ms 7ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 462ms 9.6ms 27.1MB 450ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 3047ms 34ms 19.8MB 2953ms 97ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 3390ms 117ms 44.0MB 3390ms 110ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 3505ms 35ms 353.8MB 4313ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.5MB 6350ms 310ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 13.3MB 4990ms 177ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 716ms 8.6ms 19.6MB 667ms 33ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 939ms 37ms 355.0MB 1617ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 940ms 21ms 43.5MB 1023ms 43ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6420ms 257ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.2MB 5000ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 1674ms 29ms 429.0MB 1580ms 140ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 5.cs 1999ms 113ms 454.9MB 2007ms 180ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 6.cs 2674ms 130ms 449.7MB 2617ms 163ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 5.cs 4066ms 34ms 430.2MB 3957ms 153ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.4MB 5370ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 278.9MB 5463ms 463ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 179ms 2.1ms 55.1MB 157ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 5.cs 278ms 16ms 80.5MB 237ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 6.cs 370ms 4.1ms 79.2MB 343ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 5.cs 415ms 1.9ms 56.8MB 393ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 759ms 8.2ms 133.8MB 1143ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 2968ms 26ms 65.1MB 3653ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 2679ms 13ms 17.0MB 2640ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 1.cs 2791ms 2.9ms 39.3MB 2860ms 33ms dotnet 9.0.101
kotlin 1.kt 2939ms 35ms 231.8MB 3747ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 685ms 10.0ms 16.7MB 667ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
kotlin 1-m.kt 926ms 27ms 209.8MB 1550ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
csharp 1.cs 1025ms 53ms 41.8MB 1097ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.101

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 1779ms 35ms 18.5MB 6860ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 3-m.cs 2081ms 305ms 38.1MB 6603ms 27ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 3-m.cs 4402ms 103ms 30.5MB 17000ms 13ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 450ms 2.7ms 18.4MB 1703ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 3-m.cs 536ms 66ms 37.8MB 1747ms 3ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 3-m.cs 1220ms 125ms 28.6MB 4300ms 13ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 122ms 0.6ms 18.1MB 423ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.101
csharp 3-m.cs 167ms 2.0ms 36.5MB 470ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.101
csharp 3-m.cs 342ms 16ms 28.5MB 1147ms 10ms mono 6.12.0