Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Chapel VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jul 13 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 502ms 0.9ms 575.9MB 597ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 4.chpl 1953ms 3.7ms 62.3MB 1943ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 2034ms 7.2ms 62.3MB 2027ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 4076ms 141ms 134.1MB 4270ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 122ms 1.3ms 159.4MB 143ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 4.chpl 183ms 1.2ms 32.4MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 184ms 0.6ms 32.3MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 232ms 38ms 17.6MB 243ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1827ms 163ms 237.7MB 6800ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2186ms 6.6ms 220.6MB 2997ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 1-m.chpl 2252ms 44ms 799.1MB 4370ms 97ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 4215ms 20ms 21.1MB 14100ms 557ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.3MB 5513ms 27ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 220ms 8.1ms 759.6MB 343ms 67ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 247ms 1.2ms 21.4MB 833ms 37ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 402ms 30ms 17.5MB 410ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 479ms 3.4ms 75.2MB 1080ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 877ms 85ms 99.4MB 3073ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 71ms 3.0ms 32.5MB 70ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 33ms 1.6ms 30.5MB 30ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5-m.chpl 106ms 1.6ms 28.4MB 190ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5.chpl 21ms 1.9ms 28.4MB 20ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
chapel 1.chpl 11ms 0.6ms 28.8MB 0ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 62ms 0.6ms 47.7MB 74ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 758ms 2.5ms 86.9MB 1433ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 117ms 1.8ms 87.0MB 203ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 322ms 1.9ms 28.9MB 317ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1n.kt 354ms 5.0ms 3.6MB 343ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 0.3ms 49.2MB 487ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 1.6ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
chapel 2.chpl 43ms 0.4ms 28.8MB 40ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 1.7ms 49.5MB 170ms 13ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 446ms 0.8ms 28.3MB 440ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 3757ms 42ms 354.4MB 4560ms 113ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.6MB 3957ms 1507ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5110ms 133ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 115ms 1.5ms 30.4MB 110ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 990ms 32ms 353.0MB 1737ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3987ms 1517ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5117ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 1387ms 2.0ms 246.2MB 1340ms 40ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 173.5MB 5407ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 226.8MB 5060ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 162ms 2.3ms 48.9MB 143ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 830ms 6.8ms 134.5MB 1273ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3212ms 16ms 51.0MB 3280ms 80ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 1210ms 43ms 29.0MB 1203ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 3105ms 26ms 233.3MB 3997ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 315ms 12ms 29.1MB 310ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1013ms 41ms 232.1MB 1923ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 1924ms 19ms 28.9MB 3823ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 3743ms 29ms 28.8MB 3740ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 492ms 2.1ms 28.9MB 953ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 939ms 3.2ms 28.8MB 933ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 138ms 9.9ms 28.9MB 250ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 248ms 1.3ms 28.8MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0