Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Chapel VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Mar 25 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 458ms 2.4ms 576.1MB 560ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 468ms 4.5ms 644.9MB 643ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 483ms 9.4ms 620.6MB 587ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1240ms 21ms 1086.3MB 587ms 817ms openjdk/zgc 21
chapel 3.chpl 2069ms 6.5ms 60.3MB 2057ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 4.chpl 2076ms 200ms 62.2MB 2063ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 123ms 4.3ms 98.7MB 163ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 125ms 5.0ms 169.0MB 153ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 150ms 9.1ms 225.3MB 223ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 3.chpl 188ms 1.6ms 32.2MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 4.chpl 196ms 21ms 32.3MB 190ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2.java 306ms 2.8ms 241.6MB 150ms 210ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 2266ms 93ms 525.8MB 4393ms 80ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 2416ms 202ms 242.7MB 9177ms 143ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2460ms 134ms 259.7MB 9333ms 137ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 2898ms 214ms 1236.9MB 9260ms 1187ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 198ms 4.8ms 494.6MB 317ms 50ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 440ms 30ms 92.7MB 1440ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 488ms 40ms 121.4MB 1617ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 671ms 16ms 222.0MB 1810ms 263ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 73ms 2.7ms 32.5MB 70ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 589ms 7.5ms 263.6MB 1617ms 70ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 613ms 8.6ms 392.1MB 1177ms 113ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 633ms 64ms 222.5MB 1693ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 998ms 3.0ms 504.7MB 1677ms 423ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 34ms 1.3ms 30.5MB 30ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 305ms 12ms 225.7MB 607ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 328ms 2.2ms 178.0MB 890ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 384ms 21ms 110.9MB 1053ms 53ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 529ms 30ms 216.4MB 1050ms 223ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5-m.chpl 106ms 1.8ms 28.3MB 190ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 4.java 445ms 1.1ms 102.4MB 620ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 456ms 0.4ms 47.7MB 537ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 456ms 5.6ms 49.1MB 543ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 571ms 8.5ms 45.1MB 543ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5.chpl 21ms 1.3ms 28.4MB 20ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 4-m.java 124ms 5.6ms 91.1MB 173ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4-m.java 125ms 2.1ms 46.7MB 167ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 127ms 5.7ms 48.5MB 173ms 13ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 246ms 8.1ms 44.0MB 170ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 11ms 0.5ms 28.8MB 0ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 63ms 2.8ms 52.7MB 70ms 16ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 65ms 2.6ms 43.7MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 69ms 4.7ms 44.7MB 72ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 199ms 6.8ms 42.9MB 84ms 138ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 747ms 1.1ms 87.0MB 1410ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 1032ms 61ms 128.5MB 3537ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1092ms 33ms 157.0MB 3727ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1122ms 4.2ms 178.6MB 3850ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1415ms 34ms 178.6MB 4437ms 210ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 116ms 0.5ms 87.0MB 200ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 317ms 18ms 89.9MB 897ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 340ms 23ms 90.4MB 1017ms 37ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 341ms 15ms 135.6MB 917ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 433ms 1.6ms 98.2MB 893ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 326ms 5.3ms 28.9MB 317ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 445ms 1.2ms 45.1MB 487ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 448ms 0.8ms 48.1MB 483ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 451ms 5.3ms 82.3MB 480ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 570ms 6.7ms 44.6MB 483ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1247ms 8.3ms 612.0MB 1383ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1263ms 12ms 761.8MB 1380ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3428ms 91ms 2585.6MB 1647ms 1983ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 45ms 2.3ms 28.8MB 40ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 120ms 1.3ms 45.2MB 160ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 122ms 3.4ms 48.0MB 157ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 126ms 6.4ms 81.5MB 157ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 255ms 8.1ms 44.8MB 173ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 305ms 1.9ms 374.3MB 440ms 63ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 314ms 3.5ms 404.5MB 453ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 718ms 16ms 545.0MB 480ms 433ms openjdk/zgc 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 446ms 2.3ms 28.4MB 440ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 3250ms 4.4ms 443.6MB 3687ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3741ms 68ms 414.0MB 4627ms 120ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 3777ms 87ms 428.4MB 4617ms 110ms openjdk 21
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 2126.2MB 4680ms 1213ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 116ms 1.2ms 30.3MB 110ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 904ms 8.4ms 445.7MB 1267ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1004ms 16ms 422.6MB 1803ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1030ms 26ms 432.7MB 1780ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 2045ms 43ms 1343.3MB 1747ms 1080ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 1399ms 7.7ms 222.1MB 1347ms 43ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 407.4MB 5410ms 90ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.6MB 5333ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.8MB 5323ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 466.5MB 4970ms 297ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 164ms 2.9ms 49.0MB 150ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 780ms 19ms 175.3MB 1153ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 796ms 7.9ms 132.5MB 1203ms 33ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 796ms 1.8ms 130.5MB 1183ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3.java 981ms 13ms 133.4MB 1140ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 1181ms 3.6ms 29.2MB 1177ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 308ms 2.9ms 29.0MB 303ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 1928ms 19ms 28.8MB 3830ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 1990ms 4.9ms 48.3MB 7590ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 2007ms 4.6ms 48.8MB 7640ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2118ms 9.6ms 45.4MB 7597ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2519ms 21ms 94.5MB 9413ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 1.chpl 3725ms 17ms 28.8MB 3720ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 492ms 0.6ms 28.5MB 957ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 603ms 2.9ms 47.6MB 2127ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 618ms 4.6ms 49.0MB 2187ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 737ms 4.9ms 45.5MB 2160ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 775ms 11ms 95.1MB 2713ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 1.chpl 940ms 1.1ms 28.8MB 933ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 135ms 1.0ms 28.9MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 247ms 2.4ms 28.8MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 255ms 0.5ms 47.6MB 760ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 259ms 11ms 48.6MB 767ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 305ms 26ms 96.4MB 910ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 384ms 3.8ms 45.7MB 763ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21