Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Chapel VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon May 19 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 458ms 6.7ms 574.1MB 563ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 466ms 7.3ms 643.0MB 657ms 117ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 468ms 2.3ms 638.7MB 577ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1195ms 46ms 1101.7MB 577ms 787ms openjdk/zgc 21
chapel 4.chpl 1952ms 9.9ms 62.3MB 1943ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 2127ms 36ms 62.3MB 2120ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 128ms 1.6ms 167.0MB 157ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 133ms 5.7ms 96.5MB 163ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 152ms 7.0ms 215.4MB 227ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 4.chpl 184ms 1.8ms 30.3MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 186ms 1.6ms 32.3MB 183ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2.java 308ms 9.8ms 241.5MB 170ms 193ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2237ms 158ms 258.9MB 8497ms 143ms openjdk 21
chapel 1-m.chpl 2280ms 43ms 659.8MB 4437ms 87ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 2494ms 200ms 242.9MB 9503ms 130ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2940ms 99ms 1203.7MB 9563ms 1067ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 206ms 4.4ms 630.1MB 320ms 60ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 467ms 39ms 121.7MB 1563ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 480ms 45ms 94.9MB 1580ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 668ms 8.4ms 212.9MB 1767ms 267ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 71ms 1.6ms 32.5MB 70ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 603ms 8.3ms 352.7MB 1180ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 611ms 69ms 263.9MB 1673ms 67ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 642ms 55ms 231.5MB 1707ms 73ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 949ms 34ms 528.2MB 1633ms 413ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 33ms 3.0ms 30.5MB 30ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 305ms 0.9ms 225.8MB 607ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 330ms 3.5ms 176.0MB 903ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 385ms 22ms 110.7MB 1043ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 509ms 21ms 215.5MB 1010ms 207ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5-m.chpl 105ms 0.9ms 28.4MB 190ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 4.java 447ms 1.7ms 100.5MB 630ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 454ms 3.1ms 47.5MB 533ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 471ms 9.6ms 49.1MB 567ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 572ms 6.6ms 45.1MB 543ms 137ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5.chpl 22ms 2.1ms 28.4MB 20ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 4.java 122ms 6.1ms 46.5MB 160ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4-m.java 130ms 1.9ms 47.6MB 180ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 133ms 5.7ms 94.2MB 190ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 250ms 3.4ms 44.0MB 170ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 11ms 0.3ms 28.8MB 0ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 65ms 2.3ms 53.1MB 68ms 20ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 70ms 6.5ms 44.7MB 80ms 14ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 70ms 4.4ms 43.9MB 76ms 18ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 194ms 7.5ms 43.0MB 86ms 142ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 749ms 3.1ms 86.9MB 1420ms 7ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 1066ms 62ms 154.5MB 3653ms 53ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1090ms 16ms 125.0MB 3730ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1113ms 11ms 179.2MB 3827ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1376ms 12ms 179.0MB 4323ms 207ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 115ms 1.4ms 77.0MB 200ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 327ms 29ms 99.7MB 970ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 336ms 17ms 104.1MB 997ms 37ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 347ms 30ms 135.3MB 967ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 440ms 9.5ms 98.5MB 930ms 167ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 322ms 4.1ms 28.9MB 317ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 445ms 0.4ms 45.0MB 490ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 446ms 3.8ms 48.4MB 477ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 447ms 2.3ms 82.2MB 477ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 577ms 2.1ms 44.8MB 497ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1252ms 5.6ms 639.9MB 1390ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1277ms 19ms 794.0MB 1390ms 113ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3274ms 53ms 2445.6MB 1653ms 1830ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 45ms 0.3ms 28.9MB 40ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 120ms 4.0ms 48.0MB 153ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 122ms 2.1ms 44.9MB 167ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 123ms 4.2ms 81.5MB 157ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 249ms 3.8ms 44.9MB 157ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 302ms 22ms 344.8MB 437ms 53ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 313ms 7.2ms 400.0MB 443ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 684ms 17ms 532.7MB 467ms 407ms openjdk/zgc 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 445ms 2.1ms 30.4MB 440ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 3209ms 4.7ms 445.5MB 3633ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3722ms 68ms 433.0MB 4600ms 107ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3750ms 35ms 408.8MB 4670ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1830.0MB 4663ms 1203ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 115ms 0.6ms 30.4MB 110ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 888ms 5.7ms 448.3MB 1230ms 87ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 985ms 9.3ms 423.2MB 1833ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1005ms 39ms 488.4MB 1760ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 1983ms 5.7ms 1312.1MB 1770ms 1033ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 1396ms 9.0ms 220.1MB 1353ms 37ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 399.2MB 5400ms 90ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.2MB 5327ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 305.0MB 5323ms 63ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 468.6MB 4970ms 293ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 163ms 2.2ms 48.9MB 140ms 13ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 772ms 8.0ms 176.1MB 1150ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 798ms 9.3ms 128.8MB 1187ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 805ms 18ms 132.4MB 1233ms 43ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 985ms 10ms 133.8MB 1160ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 1184ms 16ms 29.1MB 1177ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 315ms 8.4ms 29.1MB 310ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 1912ms 1.5ms 28.9MB 3800ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 1987ms 7.3ms 47.4MB 7587ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 2001ms 11ms 48.8MB 7653ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2120ms 12ms 45.2MB 7633ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2521ms 48ms 94.9MB 9407ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 1.chpl 3730ms 9.2ms 28.8MB 3720ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 492ms 1.7ms 28.8MB 960ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 605ms 4.2ms 47.7MB 2140ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 617ms 2.8ms 48.8MB 2187ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 732ms 8.1ms 45.3MB 2153ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 776ms 4.7ms 95.1MB 2737ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 1.chpl 940ms 3.7ms 28.8MB 933ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 134ms 0.9ms 28.9MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 248ms 5.2ms 47.7MB 723ms 20ms openjdk 21
chapel 1.chpl 249ms 2.0ms 28.8MB 243ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 267ms 4.0ms 48.4MB 787ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 323ms 9.1ms 94.0MB 987ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 387ms 8.0ms 45.5MB 783ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21