Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Zig VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Wed Jan 22 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 487ms 33ms 1217.6MB 527ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 1729ms 12ms 49.1MB 1700ms 13ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3121ms 31ms 248.4MB 5273ms 667ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 99ms 1.2ms 158.3MB 103ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 146ms 1.2ms 7.1MB 137ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 266ms 1.2ms 28.5MB 413ms 67ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 2269ms 5.3ms 2.5MB 2230ms 23ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 384ms 2.4ms 1.9MB 370ms 3ms zig 0.13.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 661ms 18ms 3.5MB 2427ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 3-i.zig 1788ms 0.6ms 1.1MB 1777ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 2476ms 64ms 1.1MB 2467ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 2868ms 9.8ms 1.1MB 2857ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 60ms 2.2ms 3.5MB 190ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 3-i.zig 149ms 0.2ms 1.1MB 140ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 199ms 5.9ms 1.1MB 190ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 239ms 0.8ms 1.1MB 230ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 87ms 0.6ms 1.1MB 80ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 10ms 0.1ms 1.1MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 1.0ms 0.1ms 1.3MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1.kt 2.4ms 0.5ms 4.7MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 54ms 6.4ms 47.4MB 54ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 788ms 2.8ms 20.8MB 767ms 7ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 89ms 1.6ms 7.5MB 73ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 35ms 1.1ms 2.9MB 30ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 177ms 0.9ms 94.9MB 293ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 197ms 4.0ms 102.2MB 413ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 305ms 3.4ms 7.8MB 437ms 7ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 521ms 19ms 7.8MB 623ms 3ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 97ms 2.2ms 2.9MB 83ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 317ms 11ms 213.0MB 513ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 325ms 3.6ms 202.9MB 443ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 907ms 26ms 7.8MB 1293ms 50ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 1564ms 31ms 7.9MB 1900ms 33ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 16ms 0.6ms 1.4MB 10ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 141ms 6.8ms 90.5MB 270ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 141ms 4.0ms 5.7MB 193ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 152ms 8.3ms 93.7MB 300ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 178ms 5.5ms 5.9MB 230ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 247ms 0.8ms 4.2MB 237ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 12ms 0.2ms 1.3MB 0ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 344ms 1.7ms 679.6MB 383ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 831ms 6.3ms 41.1MB 800ms 17ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1514ms 66ms 136.5MB 2323ms 343ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 127ms 2.3ms 208.6MB 157ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
zig 1.zig 170ms 0.9ms 11.1MB 153ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 302ms 3.5ms 40.6MB 430ms 70ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2.zig 274ms 0.5ms 1.1MB 270ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 313ms 0.7ms 1.3MB 300ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1n.kt 405ms 5.4ms 4.7MB 393ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 443ms 4.4ms 49.6MB 483ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2.zig 29ms 0.0ms 1.1MB 20ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 34ms 0.3ms 1.3MB 27ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1n.kt 46ms 1.6ms 4.6MB 33ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 120ms 1.7ms 49.7MB 160ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 268ms 1.7ms 40.3MB 247ms 3ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 334ms 8.4ms 6.1MB 323ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 50ms 1.6ms 11.0MB 37ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 81ms 1.4ms 2.4MB 70ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 2472ms 10ms 2.3MB 2437ms 17ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1.kt 3713ms 77ms 353.7MB 4497ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.4MB 6367ms 257ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 8.3MB 4983ms 173ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 1.zig 566ms 0.6ms 1.8MB 553ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1005ms 20ms 353.8MB 1740ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 7.3MB 6397ms 293ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 10.3MB 5003ms 153ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 473ms 1.2ms 3.9MB 1583ms 7ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 916ms 1.6ms 1.5MB 903ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 3670ms 6.3ms 1.5MB 3660ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 125ms 0.3ms 3.7MB 273ms 3ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 231ms 2.4ms 1.4MB 220ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 921ms 1.9ms 1.4MB 910ms 0ms zig 0.13.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
zig 2-m.zig 39ms 1.5ms 3.7MB 33ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 2.zig 60ms 0.8ms 1.4MB 50ms 0ms zig 0.13.0
zig 1.zig 232ms 0.8ms 1.4MB 220ms 0ms zig 0.13.0