Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

C# VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Jul 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 987ms 1.3ms 197.6MB 1000ms 140ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1008ms 13ms 179.9MB 1017ms 137ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 1302ms 4.1ms 64.2MB 1273ms 17ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 1685ms 31ms 103.5MB 1857ms 217ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 109ms 2.8ms 11.0MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 122ms 5.7ms 36.6MB 90ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 142ms 0.8ms 41.9MB 120ms 13ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 203ms 6.4ms 50.0MB 157ms 33ms dotnet 9.0.301

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1515ms 15ms 19.9MB 1450ms 53ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1-m.cs 2289ms 142ms 50.7MB 8040ms 73ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1-m.cs 2934ms 143ms 73.2MB 10080ms 107ms dotnet 9.0.301

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 86ms 1.0ms 7.1MB 60ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1-m.cs 150ms 2.1ms 18.5MB 430ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1-m.cs 290ms 28ms 40.0MB 830ms 27ms dotnet 9.0.301

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 58ms 0.7ms 7.5MB 43ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 4114ms 9.3ms 18.4MB 4090ms 10ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 4957ms 5.7ms 37.8MB 4930ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.301

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 23ms 1.3ms 5.3MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 681ms 1.0ms 14.6MB 660ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 884ms 5.5ms 34.0MB 857ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 137ms 2.4ms 25.0MB 370ms 107ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 5-m.cs 190ms 2.4ms 39.6MB 470ms 117ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 5-m.cs 227ms 8.2ms 45.5MB 643ms 93ms mono 6.12.0
crystal 2.cr 535ms 2.4ms 3.5MB 450ms 70ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 681ms 3.2ms 14.6MB 570ms 97ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 5-m.cs 25ms 0.9ms 16.0MB 40ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
crystal 2.cr 58ms 1.8ms 3.6MB 40ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 5-m.cs 67ms 3.3ms 37.1MB 90ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 5-m.cs 71ms 2.0ms 31.3MB 100ms 23ms mono 6.12.0
crystal 1.cr 72ms 0.7ms 4.9MB 53ms 7ms crystal 1.16.3

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.0ms 0.1ms 2.9MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 6.3ms 0.3ms 8.3MB 0ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 32ms 1.0ms 21.2MB 20ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 38ms 1.2ms 26.3MB 20ms 4ms dotnet 9.0.301

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-http2.cs 552ms 7.6ms 108.9MB 773ms 150ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 2-m.cs 625ms 6.3ms 147.0MB 797ms 533ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 2-http3.cs 717ms 3.8ms 145.7MB 1173ms 253ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1-m.cs 756ms 9.5ms 170.9MB 1177ms 713ms dotnet 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 3132ms 646ms 240.8MB 317ms 443ms crystal 1.16.3

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2-m.cs 376ms 9.3ms 87.8MB 420ms 190ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1-m.cs 415ms 12ms 98.2MB 577ms 220ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 2-http2.cs 474ms 3.3ms 86.0MB 540ms 93ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 2-http3.cs 536ms 12ms 93.9MB 627ms 123ms dotnet 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 1178ms 104ms 53.1MB 30ms 80ms crystal 1.16.3

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 315ms 1.5ms 68.7MB 280ms 33ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 812ms 57ms 143.7MB 833ms 87ms dotnet 9.0.301

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 1553ms 67ms 233.5MB 1740ms 90ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 2799ms 121ms 763.8MB 3280ms 460ms dotnet 9.0.301

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6-m.cs 455ms 12ms 46.3MB 1230ms 20ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 6-m.cs 970ms 98ms 69.4MB 2217ms 33ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 6-m.cs 1026ms 21ms 65.9MB 2957ms 27ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6-m.cs 97ms 1.6ms 34.2MB 163ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 6-m.cs 193ms 6.1ms 57.7MB 283ms 30ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 6-m.cs 203ms 4.9ms 59.6MB 390ms 23ms mono 6.12.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 36ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 65ms 1.5ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 2.cs 99ms 0.6ms 9.8MB 90ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 147ms 1.2ms 22.9MB 133ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 251ms 1.5ms 29.5MB 233ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1064ms 15ms 13.0MB 1043ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1315ms 11ms 32.8MB 1303ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 3373ms 24ms 45.5MB 3323ms 40ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 102ms 0.4ms 3.0MB 90ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 189ms 6.6ms 3.0MB 177ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 2.cs 278ms 1.9ms 9.6MB 267ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 363ms 4.6ms 22.7MB 347ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 406ms 2.7ms 29.4MB 390ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 3124ms 12ms 13.5MB 3100ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 4086ms 597ms 33.3MB 4063ms 23ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 45.8MB 4940ms 50ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 18ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 30ms 1.5ms 3.0MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 2.cs 56ms 2.8ms 10.1MB 40ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 94ms 2.2ms 22.8MB 77ms 3ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 174ms 3.0ms 29.6MB 150ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1631ms 16ms 32.4MB 1617ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1825ms 7.4ms 28.6MB 1813ms 0ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 1.cs 1831ms 2.3ms 12.9MB 1813ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 315ms 1.4ms 9.3MB 303ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 4.cs 395ms 97ms 37.5MB 363ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 569ms 58ms 39.7MB 540ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 2043ms 15ms 36.7MB 2013ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 3.cs 2350ms 7.5ms 16.4MB 2333ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 3.cs 2446ms 8.3ms 36.8MB 2423ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 3943ms 49ms 16.3MB 3927ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs timeout 0.0ms 22.4MB 4983ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 17ms 0.4ms 6.4MB 10ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 4.cs 86ms 4.5ms 34.5MB 60ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 3.cs 109ms 2.8ms 13.3MB 97ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 130ms 29ms 36.8MB 107ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 143ms 2.9ms 33.5MB 120ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 3.cs 173ms 9.2ms 33.9MB 150ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 176ms 7.9ms 12.8MB 163ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 571ms 4.4ms 23.4MB 557ms 3ms mono 6.12.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 551ms 10ms 119.2MB 507ms 87ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 630ms 2.9ms 147.3MB 580ms 127ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 714ms 12ms 136.7MB 647ms 93ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 753ms 7.5ms 167.4MB 700ms 133ms dotnet 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 867ms 21ms 64.2MB 843ms 10ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 1373ms 35ms 139.5MB 1567ms 183ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 2.cs 139ms 5.9ms 57.8MB 110ms 33ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 163ms 8.0ms 72.7MB 123ms 50ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 174ms 3.9ms 22.3MB 157ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 2.cs 267ms 8.1ms 75.7MB 220ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 276ms 1.5ms 89.7MB 243ms 53ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 277ms 2.7ms 69.5MB 250ms 37ms mono 6.12.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 342ms 2.4ms 3.3MB 333ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 350ms 6.8ms 3.4MB 343ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 9.cs 365ms 5.3ms 27.6MB 343ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 8.cs 373ms 3.5ms 9.8MB 360ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 8.cs 425ms 6.0ms 27.6MB 410ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 8.cs 1248ms 2.0ms 20.3MB 1230ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 38ms 1.2ms 3.3MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 2.cr 38ms 0.4ms 3.4MB 30ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 8.cs 46ms 1.5ms 9.9MB 30ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 8.cs 97ms 3.2ms 27.5MB 77ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 9.cs 99ms 5.9ms 27.9MB 73ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 8.cs 168ms 3.1ms 22.4MB 153ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 348ms 2.9ms 8.3MB 337ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 361ms 7.5ms 96.3MB 333ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 379ms 11ms 78.8MB 360ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 399ms 4.3ms 35.7MB 377ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 422ms 6.9ms 43.0MB 413ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 2.cs 423ms 2.5ms 17.5MB 410ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 584ms 14ms 83.9MB 560ms 10ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 1886ms 26ms 29.8MB 1870ms 3ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 65ms 1.9ms 24.8MB 50ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
crystal 2.cr 87ms 1.4ms 4.5MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
crystal 1.cr 90ms 3.2ms 13.2MB 83ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 104ms 4.5ms 42.6MB 80ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 110ms 2.4ms 12.1MB 100ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 2.cs 129ms 3.8ms 30.1MB 110ms 7ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 148ms 0.4ms 36.3MB 130ms 7ms mono 6.12.0
csharp 2.cs 487ms 4.8ms 21.1MB 473ms 0ms mono 6.12.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1981ms 59ms 6.2MB 1957ms 13ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 3272ms 12ms 13.9MB 3167ms 100ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 3667ms 43ms 38.1MB 3650ms 133ms dotnet 9.0.301

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 456ms 13ms 5.0MB 440ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 1.cs 767ms 3.0ms 13.5MB 727ms 27ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1011ms 7.1ms 37.6MB 1100ms 37ms dotnet 9.0.301

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 1757ms 7.6ms 418.7MB 1660ms 147ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 5.cs 2065ms 6.3ms 442.7MB 2103ms 180ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 6.cs 2760ms 105ms 440.5MB 2710ms 180ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 5.cs 4197ms 15ms 419.1MB 4093ms 153ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 6.cs 191ms 1.6ms 48.1MB 167ms 17ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 5.cs 299ms 13ms 72.7MB 267ms 33ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 6.cs 392ms 2.4ms 69.9MB 363ms 27ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 5.cs 437ms 3.0ms 48.1MB 417ms 13ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 2863ms 11ms 13.3MB 2823ms 30ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 2987ms 61ms 35.4MB 3060ms 40ms dotnet 9.0.301

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 1.cs 733ms 3.3ms 13.0MB 713ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 1.cs 1008ms 4.1ms 35.4MB 1107ms 17ms dotnet 9.0.301

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 1871ms 1.6ms 10.5MB 7320ms 3ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 3-m.cs 1923ms 1.9ms 30.0MB 7370ms 10ms dotnet 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 3763ms 15ms 4.6MB 3753ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 3-m.cs 4682ms 158ms 27.7MB 17883ms 23ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 488ms 17ms 10.5MB 1800ms 0ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
csharp 3-m.cs 632ms 70ms 29.9MB 1737ms 20ms dotnet 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 946ms 8.1ms 4.4MB 933ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 3-m.cs 1186ms 38ms 25.3MB 4467ms 7ms mono 6.12.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
csharp 3-m.cs 136ms 11ms 10.5MB 447ms 7ms dotnet/aot 9.0.301
crystal 1.cr 244ms 2.8ms 3.9MB 237ms 0ms crystal 1.16.3
csharp 3-m.cs 252ms 16ms 28.8MB 463ms 13ms dotnet 9.0.301
csharp 3-m.cs 345ms 3.8ms 27.6MB 1160ms 10ms mono 6.12.0